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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4525858A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US455076
申请日：1983-01-03
CPC分类号： G01B11/25
摘要： A fully automatic method for rapidly and unambiguously interpreting fringe patterns, including those having branched fringes, is provided. The information from the fringe patterns processed by the method of the invention can be used in testing, surface characterization and inspection applications. Further processing of the information from the two-dimensional fringe patterns yields information from which the three-dimensional surface can be quantitatively reconstructed for further use such as for display, as in microscopy, or as input for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture. Apparatus for conducting the method of the invention is also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于快速且明确地解释边缘图案的全自动方法，包括具有分支边缘的条纹图案。 通过本发明方法处理的条纹图案的信息可用于测试，表面表征和检验应用。 来自二维条纹图案的信息的进一步处理产生信息，三维表面可以从该三维表面定量重建用于进一步的使用，例如显微镜，或作为计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造的输入 。 还提供了用于实施本发明的方法的设备。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5458126A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US201440
申请日：1994-02-24
CPC分类号： G06F19/3487 , G01R33/56325 , G06F19/3437 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0081 , G06T7/0087 , G01R33/5608 , G01R33/56308 , G06F19/321 , G06T2207/10076 , G06T2207/20101 , G06T2207/30048 , G06T2207/30104
摘要： A non-invasive imaging device obtains a four dimensional (4D) image data set of a living subject representing three dimensions and time in relation to the subject's cardiac cycle. In order to determine various vascular parameters, it is useful to segment the image data set into internal structures defined as having the same tissue types contiguous locations. To accomplish this, a gradient calculation unit constructs a gradient data set from the image data set indicating the magnitude of spatial changes in the image data set. A plurality of locations are selected by an operator with a pointing device during `training` along with corresponding data values in the image and gradient data sets. These data values are plotted by a scatter generator against each other to construct a scatter plot then processed to determine a bivariate statistical probability distribution. The remaining data values are then assigned a tissue type based upon their plot on the bivariate statistical probability distribution. Contiguous locations having the same tissue type assignment are identified as a solid structure by a connectivity calculator. These solid structures may be the internal volume of cardiac chambers. Since these volumes may be accurately measured over the cardiac cycle, a functionality calculator determines vascular functionality, such as ejection fraction, and cardiac output and displays the results on a monitor to the operator.
摘要翻译： 非侵入性成像装置获得与受试者的心动周期相关的代表三维和时间的活体的四维（4D）图像数据集。 为了确定各种血管参数，将图像数据集分割成被定义为具有相同组织类型的连续位置的内部结构是有用的。 为了实现这一点，梯度计算单元从指示图像数据集中的空间变化的大小的图像数据集构建梯度数据集。 在“训练”期间，由操作员选择多个位置以及图像和梯度数据集中的相应数据值。 这些数据值由散射生成器彼此绘制，以构建散点图，然后进行处理以确定双变量统计概率分布。 然后根据其对双变量统计概率分布的绘图，为其余数据值分配组织类型。 具有相同组织类型分配的相邻位置通过连通性计算器被识别为固体结构。 这些固体结构可以是心室的内部体积。 由于这些体积可以在心脏周期上精确测量，功能计算器确定血管功能，例如射血分数和心输出量，并将结果显示在操作者的监视器上。
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3.发明授权System and method for segmenting internal structures contained within the interior region of a solid object 失效用于分割包含在固体物体的内部区域内的内部结构的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5187658A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-16
申请号：US466526
申请日：1990-01-17
CPC分类号： G06T7/0087 , G06F19/3437 , G06T7/0081 , G06T2207/10088 , G06T2207/30008 , G06T2207/30016
摘要： In order to display the surfaces of internal structures within a solid body from non-intrusively acquired data sets, it is useful to segment the data sets into the internal structures of interest before searching for the surfaces of such structures. To accomplish this, a data segmentation system uses a plurality of sample data points to construct a statistical probability distribution for a plurality of internal structures. Using these probability distributions, each data point is labeled with the most likely structure identification. Searching the thus-segmented data points for surfaces is considerably faster than is possible with the entire data set and produces surface renditions with fewer anomalies and errors. If the solid body is a human head, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to obtain two data sets corresponding to the two NMR echoes, then the probability distribution is bivariate and the two echoes can be plotted against each other to assist in identifying tissue clusters.
摘要翻译： 为了从非侵入式获取的数据集中显示固体内部结构的表面，在搜索这些结构的表面之前将数据集分割成感兴趣的内部结构是有用的。 为了实现这一点，数据分割系统使用多个采样数据点来构建多个内部结构的统计概率分布。 使用这些概率分布，每个数据点都标有最可能的结构标识。 搜索这样分段的数据点的表面比整个数据集可能快得多，并产生具有较少异常和错误的表面渲染。 如果固体是人头，并且使用核磁共振（NMR）获得对应于两个NMR回波的两个数据集，则概率分布是双变量的，并且两个回波可以相互绘制以帮助识别 组织簇
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公开(公告)号：US5514962A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US203079
申请日：1994-02-28
CPC分类号： G01R33/54 , G01R33/543 , G01R33/546
摘要： Three-dimensional (3D) image data is acquired from a subject with a medical imaging device and stored. The stored 3D image data is processed by a model workstation to segment the model into discrete structures and produce a segmented computer graphic model. An operator interacts with the model workstation to cause it to display desired structures of the the segmented model in a desired view and orientation. The operator also selects a position and orientation of a cutting plane passing through the segmented model. Once selected, the position and orientation information is provided to a pulse sequencer of a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system. The pulse sequencer controls an RF transmitter and gradient amplifiers to cause an MR image of the subject at an imaging plane, corresponding to the cutting plane of the model workstation, to be acquired. This allows fast, accurate image plane selection, which may be selected by an operator who is simultaneously performing a medical procedure on the subject, aid in the procedure.
摘要翻译： 利用医学成像装置从受检者获取三维（3D）图像数据并存储。 存储的3D图像数据由模型工作站处理以将模型分割成离散结构并产生分段计算机图形模型。 操作者与模型工作站进行交互，使其以期望的视图和方向显示分段模型的所需结构。 操作员还选择通过分段模型的切割平面的位置和方向。 一旦选择，位置和取向信息被提供给磁共振（MR）成像系统的脉冲序列器。 脉冲序列发生器控制RF发射器和梯度放大器，以便在对应于模型工作站的切割平面的成像平面处引起被摄体的MR图像。 这允许快速，准确的图像平面选择，其可以由同时对主体执行医疗程序的操作者选择，辅助该过程。
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公开(公告)号：US5365927A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US146345
申请日：1993-11-02
申请人： Peter B. Roemer , Samuel M. Blumenfeld , Kirby G. Vosburgh , Harvey E. Cline , William D. Barber , William E. Lorensen , Richard L. St. Peters , John F. Schenck , Charles L. Dumoulin , Robert D. Darrow , Christopher J. Hardy
发明人： Peter B. Roemer , Samuel M. Blumenfeld , Kirby G. Vosburgh , Harvey E. Cline , William D. Barber , William E. Lorensen , Richard L. St. Peters , John F. Schenck , Charles L. Dumoulin , Robert D. Darrow , Christopher J. Hardy
IPC分类号： G01R33/48 , A61B5/055 , G01R33/28 , G01R33/38 , G01R33/385 , G01R33/54 , G01R33/563
CPC分类号： G01R33/385 , G01R33/3806 , G01R33/285 , G01R33/4804 , G01R33/543 , G01R33/563
摘要： A magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system for use in a medical procedure employs an open main magnet allowing access to a portion of a patient within an imaging volume, for producing a main magnetic field over the imaging volume; a set of open gradient coils which provide magnetic fields gradients over the imaging volume without restricting access to the imaging volume; a radiofrequency coil set for transmitting RF energy into the imaging volume to nutate nuclear spins within the imaging volume and receive an MR response signal from the nuclear spins; and a pointing device for indicating the position and orientation of a plane in which an image is to be acquired; an image control means for operating power supplies for the gradient coils and the RF coils to acquire an MR signal from the desired imaging plane; and a computation unit for constructing an image of the desired imaging plane. The MR imaging system is intended to operate to provide images to a physician during medical procedures to guide the physician in his procedures.
摘要翻译： 用于医疗过程的磁共振（MR）成像系统采用打开的主磁体，其允许进入成像体积内的患者的一部分，用于在成像体积上产生主磁场; 一组开放的梯度线圈，其在成像体积上提供磁场梯度，而不限制对成像体积的访问; 射频线圈组，用于将RF能量传输到成像体积中，以在成像体积内盘旋核自旋，并从核自旋接收MR响应信号; 以及指示装置，用于指示要获取图像的平面的位置和方位; 图像控制装置，用于操作梯度线圈和RF线圈的电源，以从期望的成像平面获取MR信号; 以及用于构造所需成像平面的图像的计算单元。 MR成像系统旨在在医疗程序期间向医生提供图像以在他的程序中指导医师。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4879668A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US943357
申请日：1986-12-19
摘要： A count is kept of the number of surfaces traversed, in a variety of three-dimensional imaging systems which are particularly advantageous for use in medical applications based upon data generated by magnetic resonance imaging systems and computerized axial tomographic imaging systems. The system is particularly advantageous in a surgical workstation for planning a wide variety of operative procedures. Surfaces may be selected and displayed simultaneously so as to provide the viewer with a significantly improved knowledge of the relationship of various internal body structures.
摘要翻译： 在基于由磁共振成像系统和计算机化的轴向断层成像系统产生的数据的医疗应用中特别有利的各种三维成像系统中，保持遍历的表面数量的计数。 该系统在用于规划各种操作程序的外科手术工作站中特别有利。 可以同时选择和显示表面，以便向观众提供对各种内部身体结构的关系的显着改进的了解。
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7.发明授权System and method for displaying oblique planar cross sections of a solid body using tri-linear interpolation to determine pixel position dataes 失效使用三线性插值来显示固体的斜平面截面的系统和方法以确定像素位置数据
公开(公告)号：US4984157A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-08
申请号：US247183
申请日：1988-09-21
CPC分类号： G06T19/00 , G06T15/08 , G06T2219/008
摘要： A method and apparatus for displaying arbitrary cross-sectional views of a three-dimensional body from a regular array of values of at least one physical property in the interior of the body includes making physical property measurements with such systems as computerized tomographic x-ray systems, or magnetic resonance imaging systems. Cut planes are defined by the user as displacement from, and rotations from, an arbitrary coordinate origin in the data space. An initial plane of pixel positions of arbitrary density is displaced and rotated to correspond to the cut plane. The values for the physical property at the pixel positions are interpolated from the surrounding measurements of actual values. Cross-sectional images are thereby supplied interactively in real time to support, for example, ongoing surgical procedures.
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8.发明授权System for the simultaneous display of two or more internal surfaces within a solid object 失效用于同时显示固体物体内两个或多个内表面的系统
公开(公告)号：US4821213A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-11
申请号：US943359
申请日：1986-12-19
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A dual pipeline architecture for a system for preprocessing image data gathered from such systems as magnetic resonance imaging and computer axial tomography scanners. In one simultaneously operable dual pipeline, normal vectors are computed for each voxel element in accordance with the dividing cubes vector generation system. In another pipeline, circuitry is provided for generating surface identification indicia which are associated with unit normal vectors produced by the former pipeline. Data are supplied to a graphics processor for the production of shaded two-dimensional images representative of three-dimensional surfaces from various view angles. The system is particularly useful in medical diagnostic applications and is particularly useful in planning surgical procedures.
摘要翻译： 一种用于预处理从诸如磁共振成像和计算机轴向断层扫描仪的系统收集的图像数据的系统的双管道架构。 在一个可同时操作的双流水线中，根据分立立方矢量生成系统为每个体素元素计算法向矢量。 在另一流水线中，提供电路用于产生表面识别标记，其与由前一管线产生的单位法向量相关联。 将数据提供给图形处理器，用于从各种视角产生代表三维表面的阴影二维图像。 该系统在医学诊断应用中特别有用，并且在规划外科手术中特别有用。
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9.发明授权System and method for the display of surface structures contained within the interior region of a solid body 失效用于显示包含在固体的内部区域内的表面结构的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4710876A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-01
申请号：US741390
申请日：1985-06-05
CPC分类号： G06T19/003 , G06T2210/41
摘要： A method and apparatus for displaying three dimensional surface images includes the utilization of a case table for rapid retrieval of surface approximation information. Eight cubically adjacent data points associated with a given voxel element are compared with a predetermined threshold value or range to generate an eight bit vector. This eight bit vector is employed to rapidly produce vector lists of approximating surfaces. An interpolation operation is performed so as to more closely approximate the desired surface and to provide more accurate representations of vectors normal to the desired surface. The accurate representation of these normal directions provides means for accurately representing shading information on a display screen. The method and apparatus of the present invention are particularly useful for the display of medical images both, from x-ray generated data and from data generated from various other sources including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The present invention provides a means for rapid generation of three dimensional images so as to enable interactive use by medical practitioners.
摘要翻译： 用于显示三维表面图像的方法和装置包括使用用于快速检索表面近似信息的案例表。 将与给定体素元素相关联的八个立方相邻数据点与预定阈值或范围进行比较，以生成八位向量。 该八比特向量用于快速产生近似表面的向量列表。 执行内插操作以更接近地近似所需的表面并且提供与所需表面垂直的向量的更准确的表示。 这些正常方向的准确表示提供了用于在显示屏上准确地表示阴影信息的手段。 本发明的方法和装置对于从X射线产生的数据和从包括磁共振成像和正电子发射断层摄影的各种其他来源产生的数据的医学图像的显示特别有用。 本发明提供了一种用于快速生成三维图像以便能够由医疗人员进行交互使用的手段。
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公开(公告)号：US5433199A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US201443
申请日：1994-02-24
IPC分类号： G01R33/56 , G01R33/563 , G01R33/567 , G06T5/00 , A61B5/055 , A61B6/03
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , G01R33/5608 , G01R33/563 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0087 , G01R33/4822 , G01R33/56333 , G01R33/567 , G06T2207/10076 , G06T2207/20101 , G06T2207/30048 , G06T2207/30104
摘要： A 4D image data set of a living subject is obtained by non-invasive imaging means representing three dimensions and time in relation to the subject's cardiac cycle. In order to determine various vascular parameters, it is useful to segment the image data set into internal structures defined as having the same tissue types contiguous locations. To accomplish this, a gradient data set is constructed from the image data set indicating the magnitude of spatial changes in the image data set. A plurality of locations are selected in `training` along with corresponding data values in the image and gradient data sets. These data values are plotted against each other to construct a scatter plot then processed to determine a bivariate statistical probability distribution. The remaining data values are then assigned a tissue type based upon their plot on the bivariate statistical probability distribution. Contiguous locations having the same tissue type assignment are identified as a solid structure. These solid structures may be the internal volume of cardiac chambers. Since these volumes may be accurately measured over the cardiac cycle, vascular functionality, such as ejection fraction, and cardiac output may be measured.
摘要翻译： 通过非侵入性成像装置获得活体受试者的4D图像数据集，其表示与受试者的心动周期相关的三维和时间。 为了确定各种血管参数，将图像数据集分割成被定义为具有相同组织类型的连续位置的内部结构是有用的。 为了实现这一点，从指示图像数据集中的空间变化的大小的图像数据集构建梯度数据集。 在“训练”中选择多个位置以及图像和梯度数据集中的相应数据值。 这些数据值相互绘制以构建散点图，然后进行处理以确定双变量统计概率分布。 然后根据其对双变量统计概率分布的绘图，为其余数据值分配组织类型。 具有相同组织类型分配的相邻位置被识别为实体结构。 这些固体结构可以是心室的内部体积。 由于可以在心脏周期上精确地测量这些体积，因此可以测量血管功能，例如射血分数和心输出量。
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