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公开(公告)号：US5147047A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US640770
申请日：1991-01-14
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed , John M. Beatty , Ralph W. Kugler
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed , John M. Beatty , Ralph W. Kugler
IPC分类号： G01B11/30 , G01N21/88 , G01N21/93 , G01N21/95 , G01N21/952 , G06T7/00 , G21C17/00 , G21C21/00 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： G06T7/001 , G01N21/9508 , G21C21/00 , G01N21/952 , G06T2207/30164 , Y10S209/917 , Y10S209/934 , Y10S209/939
摘要： A method and apparatus for inspecting cylindrically configured pellets for surface defects is disclosed. At least one axially extending linear portion of the peripheral surface of the pellet is optically sensed. A set of discrete digital values representative of the optically sensed linear portion of the pellet surface is generated and the set of digital values is compared to a predetermined standard. Groups of digital values representative of adjacent locations on the surface of the pellet having values greater or less than the predetermined standard are identified. The area of adjacent digital values having a value above the standard, and the area of adjacent digital values having a value below the standard are calculated and compared to a predetermined area. The pellet is rejected when the calculated area exceeds a predetermined area. During inspection, the pellet is moved axially through an inspection station by first and second horizontally positioned substantially parallel and longitudinally extending pellet support rolls. The rolls are spaced a distance from each other less than the diameter of a pellet to be transferred. The rolls are rotated upward and outward from each other and chain dogs are positioned between the spaced rolls for engaging a pellet and moving the pellet along between the spaced pellet support rolls.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于检查用于表面缺陷的圆柱形构造的颗粒的方法和装置。 光学感测颗粒周边表面的至少一个轴向延伸的直线部分。 产生代表颗粒表面的光学感测线性部分的一组离散数字值，并将该组数字值与预定标准进行比较。 识别代表具有大于或小于预定标准的值的颗粒表面上相邻位置的数字值组。 计算具有高于标准值的相邻数字值的面积，以及具有低于标准值的相邻数字值的面积，并将其与预定区域进行比较。 当计算面积超过预定面积时，颗粒被拒绝。 在检查期间，颗粒通过第一和第二水平定位的大致平行和纵向延伸的颗粒支撑辊轴向移动通过检查站。 辊彼此间隔一定距离小于要转移的颗粒的直径。 辊彼此向上和向外旋转，并且链条杆位于间隔开的辊之间，用于接合颗粒并且在间隔开的颗粒支撑辊之间移动颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US5309486A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US975050
申请日：1992-11-12
IPC分类号： G01B11/30 , G01N21/88 , G01N21/89 , G01N21/952 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/20 , G06T7/00 , G21C17/06 , G21C17/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/001 , G01N21/8851 , G01N21/952 , G06T7/602 , G21C17/06 , G06T2207/20192 , G06T2207/30164 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2002/205 , G21Y2002/206 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/401
摘要： A non-contact surface flaw detection system for workpieces such as nuclear fuel pellets transports the pellets continuously along an illuminated path while rotating them. A line scan camera records a series of line scans for the pellets and the resulting values of pellet reflectivity are digitized. Pixel values are compared to thresholds defined adaptively by averaging and/or using a video finite impulse response filter, to generate a binary map of "good" and "bad" pixels, that also defines the edges of the pellet in the map. A processor counts and associates bad pixels to logically define and assess blobs of bad pixels. The processor checks for coincidence of the edge pixels with a nominal edge line that best fits the edge, for finding edge flaws. The pellets assessed in this manner are selected or rejected. Camera sensor elements are normalized for gain and offset. Shifting of the pixel data cancels skew produced in scanning moving pellets. Convolution filters cancel isolated bad pixels and enhance contrast at the edge. For processing adjacent areas, the pixel image of the pellets can be tiled, flaws bridging the tile boundaries being assessed as a single blob. The apparatus is preferably arranged for parallel pipeline processing for sidewall and edge defects and can be embodied in a series of modular VME boards.
摘要翻译： 用于诸如核燃料颗粒的工件的非接触表面探伤系统在旋转它们的同时沿着照明路径连续地输送颗粒。 线扫描相机记录了一系列针对粒料的线扫描，并将得到的颗粒反射率值数字化。 将像素值与通过平均和/或使用视频有限脉冲响应滤波器自适应地定义的阈值进行比较，以生成也定义了地图中颗粒边缘的“好”和“坏”像素的二进制图。 处理器计数并关联不良像素以逻辑地定义和评估坏像素的斑点。 处理器检查边缘像素与最适合边缘的标称边缘线的一致性，以发现边缘缺陷。 以这种方式评估的颗粒被选择或拒绝。 摄像机传感器元件对增益和偏移进行归一化。 像素数据的移动消除了在扫描移动小球中产生的歪斜。 卷积滤波器消除了孤立的不良像素，增强了边缘的对比度。 为了处理相邻区域，颗粒的像素图像可以被平铺，桥接瓦片边界的缺陷被评估为单个斑点。 该装置优选地设置成用于侧壁和边缘缺陷的并行管线处理，并且可以体现在一系列模块化VME板中。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5247154A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US642741
申请日：1991-01-17
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed
IPC分类号： G01N21/84 , G01N21/88 , G01N21/93 , G01N21/952 , G01N21/956 , G06K1/12 , G06K5/00 , G06K5/02 , G06K7/00
CPC分类号： G06K5/02 , G01N21/84 , G01N21/88 , G06K1/126 , G01N2021/95615 , G01N2201/12753
摘要： A method and apparatus for monitoring the laser marking of a bar code label which has been laser marked onto the end of a nuclear fuel tube for unacceptable depth penetration of the heat affected zone. The average gray level value of the bar code label positioned on the end of the nuclear fuel tube is compared with a predetermined standard. In the method disclosed, a bar code label positioned on the surface of the nuclear fuel tube is optically sensed and a set of discrete digital values representative of the depth penetration of the heat affected zone is generated. The average digital value representative of the bar code label is calculated and the average digital value compared to a predetermined standard.
摘要翻译： 一种用于监测条形码标签的激光标记的方法和装置，其被激光标记在核燃料管的端部上，用于受热影响区的不可接受的深度穿透。 将位于核燃料管的末端的条形码标签的平均灰度值与预定标准进行比较。 在所公开的方法中，光学地检测位于核燃料管表面上的条形码标签，并且产生代表热影响区域的深度穿透的一组离散数字值。 计算代表条形码标签的平均数字值，并将平均数字值与预定标准进行比较。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5049351A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-17
申请号：US375233
申请日：1989-07-03
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed
IPC分类号： G01T1/16 , C01G43/025 , G01Q90/00 , G01T7/00
CPC分类号： G01T7/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the enrichment of uranium dioxide powder is disclosed. A uranium dioxide powder is contained within a closed receptacle having a top, side and bottom wall surfaces. The receptacle is turned upside down so that the uranium dioxide powder is shifted within the receptacle to obtain a more uniform bulk density of the powder contained therein. The natural gamma radiation emission count of the powder is detected while the receptacle is upside down to determine the enrichment thereof.
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公开(公告)号：US4822552A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US18900
申请日：1987-02-25
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed , James L. Fogg
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed , James L. Fogg
IPC分类号： G21C17/06
CPC分类号： G21C17/06
摘要： A method and apparatus for passively scanning for the gamma radiation emission count of nuclear fuel contained within a nuclear fuel rod to determine enrichment uniformity are enclosed, and wherein a nuclear fuel rod containing a nuclear fuel is advanced along a linear path of travel and its natural gamma radiation emission count is repeatedly detected at each of a plurality of regularly spaced apart discrete segments along the length of the rod. The outputs from each of the detecting steps are summed to obtain a total gamma radiation count for each segment from which the enrichment values for each segment as well as the average enrichment of said fuel rod may be calculated.
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公开(公告)号：US5009835A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US301414
申请日：1989-01-25
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed
摘要： An inspection apparatus and method for testing nuclear fuel rods for helium leaks includes the basic operative steps of constantly leaking helium at a predetermined known value into a test chamber containing a fuel rod to be tested, and sampling the atmosphere within the chamber and measuring the helium in the atmosphere. A measured helium value below a preset minimum helium value indicates a malfunction in the inspection apparatus, whereas a measured helium value above a preset maximum helium value indicates the existence of a helium leak from the fuel rods. On the other hand, a measured helium value between the minimum and maximum helium values indicates the absence of a helium leak from the fuel rod.
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7.发明授权Method and apparatus for providing fuel rod identification to permit traceability during manufacture and use 失效用于提供燃料棒识别以在制造和使用期间允许可追溯性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4822987A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US148326
申请日：1988-01-25
摘要： In a nuclear fuel rod identification system, indicia is provided on a nuclear fuel rod in two stages. In the first stage, by use of a laser beam a bar code is applied directly on the fuel rod cladding tube prior to loading it with nuclear fuel and attaching plugs to opposite ends thereof to provide an assembled fuel rod. In the second stage, after loading nuclear fuel into and attaching end plugs to opposite ends of the fuel rod cladding tube with the applied bar code to provide an assembled fuel rod, by use of a laser beam, identification and enrichment symbologies are applied respectively to the side and end of one of the end plugs of the assembled fuel rod.
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公开(公告)号：US4728483A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-01
申请号：US855266
申请日：1986-04-24
CPC分类号： G21C17/06
摘要： An apparatus for an integrated and automated fuel assembly inspection system includes a support base, an elongated fixture, top and bottom carriages and a pedestal. The top carriage is mounted to a pair of tracks on the fixture for vertical movement therealong. The pedestal is mounted on the base and aligned with the top carriage for supporting a nuclear fuel assembly therebetween. The bottom carriage has a central opening adapted to receive the fuel assembly therethrough such that the bottom carriage surrounds all sides of the fuel assembly. Also, the bottom carriage is mounted to the tracks for generally vertical movement along the fixture and the fuel assembly. D.C. stepping motors are mounted on the top and bottom carriages and coupled to a gear track for selectively driving the carriages along the fixture. Proximity sensors are movably disposed on the bottom carriage adjacent the sides of the fuel assembly for measuring its envelope when the bottom carriage is moved to and stationed at selected axial positions along the fuel assembly. Lasers and photodetectors are disposed on the top and bottom carriages for continuously monitoring fixture out-of-straightness and performing correction. Capacitive probes are disposed on the bottom carriage for measuring channel spacing between fuel rods of the fuel assembly, and photoswitches and an optical scale are disposed on the bottom carriage and the fixture for measuring fuel assembly length when the bottom carriage has been moved between the bottom and top nozzles of the fuel assembly.
摘要翻译： 用于集成和自动化燃料组件检查系统的装置包括支撑基座，细长固定装置，顶部和底部支架以及基座。 顶部托架安装在固定装置上的一对轨道上，用于垂直运动。 基座安装在基座上并与顶部托架对准，以支撑其间的核燃料组件。 底部托架具有适于接收通过其中的燃料组件的中心开口，使得底部托架围绕燃料组件的所有侧面。 此外，底部滑架安装到轨道上以沿着固定装置和燃料组件大致垂直运动。 D.C.步进电机安装在顶部和底部滑架上并联接到齿轮轨道，用于沿着固定装置选择性地驱动滑架。 接近传感器可移动地设置在邻近燃料组件的侧面的底部支架上，用于当底部托架移动并沿着沿着燃料组件的选定的轴向位置驻留时测量其封套。 激光器和光电检测器设置在顶部和底部托架上，用于连续监控固定装置的不平直度并执行校正。 电容式探头设置在底部托架上，用于测量燃料组件的燃料棒之间的通道间隔，并且当底部托架已经在底部托架之间移动时，照明开关和光学秤布置在底部托架和固定装置上，用于测量燃料组件的长度 和燃料组件的顶部喷嘴。
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9.发明授权Pellet slide and inspection assembly in a nuclear fuel pellet surface defect inspection apparatus 失效核燃料颗粒表面缺陷检查装置中的颗粒滑块和检验组件
公开(公告)号：US5207976A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US944017
申请日：1992-09-11
摘要： A fuel pellet surface defect inspection apparatus has an infeed conveyor, a discharge conveyor, and a slide and inspection assembly between the conveyors. The assembly includes a slide defining an inclined track having exit and entry ends adjacent the respective discharge and infeed conveyors. The entry end is at a higher elevation than the exit end. The assembly also includes an inspection station located along the track between its entry and exit ends. The station has lower and upper sound reflectors configured to define an annular inspection chamber through which a pellet moves as the pellet slides down the inclined track. The chamber completely encloses the cylindrical surface of the pellet as the pellet moves through the chamber. An ultrasonic inspection head is mounted at the station and transmits and receives sound energy to and from a pellet as it moves through the chamber such that the sound energy completely surrounds the moving pellet being inspected within the chamber. The inclined track has an upper portion extending to the inspection chamber and a lower portion extending from the inspection chamber and having a shallower slope than the upper portion to cause deceleration of a pellet as it moves from the upper portion to the lower portion. Deceleration reduces the velocity of the inspected pellet as it approaches the exit end of the track and thereby reduces the chance of impacts with the discharge conveyor that might otherwise produce chips and cracks in the pellets.
摘要翻译： 燃料颗粒表面缺陷检查设备具有进料输送机，排放输送机以及输送机之间的滑动和检查组件。 组件包括限定具有邻近相应的排出和进料输送机的出口和进入端的倾斜轨道的滑块。 入口端的高度高于出口端。 该组件还包括沿轨道位于其入口端和出口端之间的检查站。 该站具有下部和上部声音反射器，其被配置为限定环形检查室，当颗粒沿着倾斜轨道滑落时，颗粒通过该检查室移动。 当颗粒移动通过室时，室完全包围颗粒的圆柱形表面。 超声波检测头安装在车站处，并且当球团移动通过腔室时，将球发出和接收声能，使得声能完全包围在腔室内被检查的移动丸粒。 倾斜轨道具有延伸到检查室的上部和从检查室延伸的下部，并且具有比上部更浅的斜面，以在丸粒从上部移动到下部时使丸粒减速。 检查的颗粒在接近轨道的出口端时减速，从而降低了排放输送机碰撞的可能性，否则可能会在颗粒中产生碎屑和裂纹。
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公开(公告)号：US4787715A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US64980
申请日：1987-06-22
申请人： Hassan J. Ahmed , Michael J. Field
发明人： Hassan J. Ahmed , Michael J. Field
CPC分类号： G21C17/06
摘要： A fuel assembly grid inspection apparatus includes a precision noncontact measurement device having a source of illumination and a viewing system which define an inspection field of view. The viewing system is adapted to view and record one or more images of an object, such as a fuel assembly grid, located in the field of view to provide information from actual measurements of the grid which can be calculated to determine whether or not it comes within acceptable tolerances of the measurements of a standard grid of the same design. The apparatus also includes a universal fixture adapted to support any one of a variety of grids of different designs within the field of view such that portions of the fixture within the field of view are substantially transparent to the viewing system. The viewing system and the fixture are movable relative to each other in X, Y and Z directions for achieving a complete inspection of all parts of the grid. Typically, the grid being inspected has at least a pair of vertically displaced fuel rod contacting dimples disposed in each of a plurality of cells defined in the grid. The dimples are inspected for perpendicularity with respect to each other by using the viewing system to view them at separate instances but from the same location within the field of view.
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