摘要:
A charger capable of reliably and uniformly maintaining a discharging gap formed in the vicinity of a contact portion between a charging member and a photosensitive member. A charging member 101 is arranged by supporting and fixing both ends of a flexible film 102 by means of support members 103 to 105. The film 102 forms a flexible portion oriented downwardly from fixed ends S1, S2. The film 102 is brought into contact with the member 110 to be charged in a state in which an unsupported side of the film 102 is oriented toward the downstream side in the rotating direction of the member 110 to be charged. Then, the film 102 is brought into contact with the member 110 to be charged in a contact area N, and the radius of curvature of the film 102 in a zone P2 located downstream of that zone N in the rotating direction of the member 110 to be charged becomes smaller than the radius of curvature of the film 102 in an upstream zone P1.
摘要:
A contact charge supply device for externally controlling the charges, which are supplied to a member to be charged by bringing a contact member appled with an external voltage into contact with the member to be charged, which at least includes an underlayer, and holds the following inequalitylog (R).gtoreq.log {Rp.times.(Va-Vt)/Vt}+(.alpha.-.beta.).times.log(S/s)+.gamma..times.log (i/I)where .vertline.Va.vertline..gtoreq..vertline.Vt.vertline.,Va (V): voltage applied to a contact member in contact with the member to be charged; I (.mu.A): current flowing from the contact member to the member to be charged; S (cm.sup.2): contact area of the member to be charged and the contact member; R (.OMEGA.): resistance of the contact member when current I (.mu.A) is fed to an area corresponding to the contact area S (cm.sup.2) of the contact member; .gamma.: current dependency of the resistance of the contact member; 1-.beta.: area dependency of the resistance of the contact member; s (cm.sup.2): area of a defective part of the member to be charged; Vt (V): breakdown voltage of the underlayer; i (.mu.A): current flowing into an area of the underlayer corresponding to the contact area S (cm.sup.2) when a voltage, slightly lower than the breakdown voltage Vt (V), is applied to that area; Rp (.OMEGA.): resistance of the underlayer when the current i (.mu.A) flows into the area of the underlayer corresponding to the contact area S (cm.sup.2) when a voltage, slightly lower than the breakdown voltage Vt (V), is applied to that area; 1-.alpha.: area dependency of the resistance of the underlayer.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for replenishing depleted portions of an ink sheet including a conductive ink layer on a dielectric layer wherein portions of ink have been transferred to a transfer medium. Conductive replacement ink material is supplied to the ink sheet and an electric charge is induced in the replacement ink and opposite charges are induced at an electrode on the opposite side of the dielectric layer. Replacement ink contacting the dielectric layer at the voids will adhere to the ink sheet, but charges in the replacement ink contacting the non-transcribed ink regions will flow to the conductive ink layer and will not adhere to the ink sheet.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for replenishing depleted portions of an ink layer of an ink sheet formed with a conductive ink layer disposed on an insulating layer from which ink has been transferred, without unintentionally supplying ink to undepleted portions of the ink layer are provided. Electrically conductive replacement ink is charged and supplied onto an intermediate transfer roller having a dielectric layer disposed on an electrically conductive layer. Charge is supplied to the insulating layer side of the ink sheet and replacement ink on the intermediate roller contacting the ink sheet at depleted regions of the ink sheet is transferred from the intermediate roller to the depleted portions by electrostatic attraction and not to undepleted portions. The method and apparatus are adaptable for multi-color ink sheets and can be employed in connection with a printer or image forming device.
摘要:
A method for replenishing depleted portions of an ink sheet including a conductive ink layer on a dielectric layer wherein portions of ink have been transferred to a transfer medium. Conductive replacement ink material is supplied to the ink sheet and an electric charge is induced in the replacement ink and opposite charges are induced at an electrode on the opposite side of the dielectric layer. Replacement ink contacting the dielectric layer at the voids will adhere to the ink sheet, but charges in the replacement ink contacting the non-transcribed ink regions will flow to the conductive ink layer and will not adhere to the ink sheet.
摘要:
A disk substrate for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium is, disclosed. The substrate exhibits sufficient productivity, serves the function of a soft magnetic backing layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and scarcely generates noise. A perpendicular magnetic recording medium using such a substrate also is disclosed. The disk substrate comprises at least a soft magnetic underlayer formed on a nonmagnetic base plate by means of an electroless plating method. The thermal expansion coefficient of the soft magnetic underlayer is larger than a thermal expansion coefficient of the nonmagnetic disk-shaped base plate. A saturation magnetostriction constant λs satisfies a relation λs≧−1×10−5.
摘要:
A manufacturing method for a magnetic recording medium is disclosed. By using the method, the anisotropic magnetic field (Hk) of an underlayer is improved, spike noise generated in the soft magnetic underlayer is suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved without employing a special layer configuration and without the need for complicated and expensive processing. A soft magnetic underlayer is formed by laminating a soft magnetic lower underlayer, a non-magnetic metal layer, and a soft magnetic upper underlayer in succession on a non-magnetic substrate. After forming the non-magnetic metal layer, its surface is exposed to a gas containing between 2 and 100 at % oxygen. A perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed on the soft magnetic underlayer.
摘要:
An electronic watch in which the display on a liquid crystal display 236 is prohibited when the detected output voltage of a secondary battery 220 drops to a first predefined voltage. An initialization process is performed when the detected voltage of the secondary battery 220 drops to a second voltage lower than the first voltage, and the display on the liquid crystal display unit 236 is restarted when the detected voltage of the secondary battery 220 rises to a third voltage not lower than the first voltage after having reached the second voltage.
摘要:
A thermal transfer type image formation device employs a new regeneration method for reconditioning ink sheets employed in the thermal inking process. The ink sheet has a transparent base layer, which also serves as a dielectric layer, an ink layer and a transparent conductive layer, functioning also as an electrode, on a side of the base layer opposite the ink layer. A fixing device is provided for the transfer of photoconductive powder ink to bare areas of the ink sheet to be rejuvenated. A bias voltage is impressed on the photoconductive powder ink, and the photoconductive powder ink which comes in contact with bare areas becomes conductive when exposed with light through the transparent conductive layer and ink adheres to the base layer due to an established electrostatic force between the ink and the conductive layer electrode on the light exposing side of the ink sheet. After the powder ink has been selectively supplied to the bare areas, the ink sheet is then regenerated by heating the sheet melting and thereafter hardening the powder ink.
摘要:
A method of plating on a glass base plate is disclosed. The method allows a plating film to be formed on a base plate composed of a glass material with excellent adhesivity and homogeneity by means of an electroless plating method, even to a thickness of 1 μm or more. Before forming the plating film by electroless plating, a series of surface treatments are conducted on the surface of the base plate composed of a glass material. The surface treatments comprises at least a glass activation treatment, a silane coupling agent treatment, a palladium catalyst treatment, a palladium bonding treatment, ab electroless plating to form a preliminary plating film having a thickness in the range of 0.02 μm to 0.5 μm, and an annealing at a temperature in the range of 200° C. to 350° C.