公开(公告)号：US11835333B2

公开(公告)日：2023-12-05

申请号：US17644817

申请日：2021-12-17

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Oki Gunawan ,  Bruce Gordon Elmegreen ,  Deon Glajchen

IPC: G01B11/26 ,  G01P3/36

CPC classification number: G01B11/26 ,  G01P3/36

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a rotational oscillation sensor, a method of detecting rotational oscillation of an object, and a rotational oscillation sensor unit. One embodiment of the rotational oscillation sensor may comprise a first plurality of parallel dipole line (PDL) sensor unit units. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of PDL sensor units may comprise a plurality of cylindrical diametric magnets (CDMs) mounted in parallel around a first open region, and a diamagnetic object in the first open region.

公开(公告)号：US11486857B2

公开(公告)日：2022-11-01

申请号：US17314634

申请日：2021-05-07

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Oki Gunawan ,  Wang Zhou

IPC: G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/07 ,  G01R33/032

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that facilitate high-sensitivity, carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect measurements. Majority and minority carrier properties can be measured and determined simultaneously. In one aspect, a system and method determine majority carrier type, density and mobility and, with modulated illumination, minority carrier mobility and photocarrier density. In another aspect, a system and method can determine hole and electron mobility, photocarrier density, absorbed photon density, recombination lifetime and diffusion length for hole, electron and ambipolar transport.

公开(公告)号：US11355661B2

公开(公告)日：2022-06-07

申请号：US16595959

申请日：2019-10-08

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Tayfun Gokmen ,  Oki Gunawan ,  Richard A. Haight ,  Jeehwan Kim ,  David B. Mitzi ,  Mark T. Winkler

IPC: H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/032 ,  H01L31/0328 ,  H01L31/077 ,  H01L31/18

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a first contact and a hybrid absorber layer. The hybrid absorber layer includes a chalcogenide layer and a semiconductor layer in contact with the chalcogenide layer. A buffer layer is formed on the absorber layer, and a transparent conductive contact layer is formed on the buffer layer.

公开(公告)号：US11302967B2

公开(公告)日：2022-04-12

申请号：US15871488

申请日：2018-01-15

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Kevin W. Brew ,  Oki Gunawan ,  Saurabh Singh ,  Teodor K. Todorov

IPC: H01M10/0585 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/131 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/525 ,  H01M4/66 ,  H01M10/04

Abstract: Low-voltage rechargeable microbatteries are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a microbattery includes: forming a cathode on a substrate, wherein the cathode includes a lithium intercalated material; forming a solid electrolyte on the cathode; forming an anode on the solid electrolyte; and forming a negative contact on the anode. A microbattery is also provided.

公开(公告)号：US20210262982A1

公开(公告)日：2021-08-26

申请号：US17314634

申请日：2021-05-07

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Oki Gunawan ,  Wang Zhou

IPC: G01N27/72

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that facilitate high-sensitivity, carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect measurements. Majority and minority carrier properties can be measured and determined simultaneously. In one aspect, a system and method determine majority carrier type, density and mobility and, with modulated illumination, minority carrier mobility and photocarrier density. In another aspect, a system and method can determine hole and electron mobility, photocarrier density, absorbed photon density, recombination lifetime and diffusion length for hole, electron and ambipolar transport.

公开(公告)号：US10983230B2

公开(公告)日：2021-04-20

申请号：US16747364

申请日：2020-01-20

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Oki Gunawan ,  Yudistira Virgus

IPC: G01V1/00 ,  G01V1/18 ,  G01H9/00

Abstract: Parallel dipole line (PDL) trap seismometer and vibration sensors are provided. In one aspect of the invention, a seismometer is provided. The seismometer includes: at least one PDL trap having a pair of dipole line magnets, and a diamagnetic object levitating above the dipole line magnets; and a sensing system (passive or active sensing) for determining a position of the diamagnetic object relative to the dipole line magnets and to yield the seismic signal in terms of displacement or acceleration. Methods for sensing vibrations using the present PDL trap seismometer and vibration sensors are also provided.

公开(公告)号：US20210025918A1

公开(公告)日：2021-01-28

申请号：US16520531

申请日：2019-07-24

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Bruce Gordon Elmegreen ,  Oki Gunawan

IPC: G01P15/18 ,  G01P15/125

Abstract: A technique relates to a magnetic device and a diamagnetic material positioned to levitate at a three-dimensional minimum of a potential well generated by a magnetic field of the magnetic device.

公开(公告)号：US10584966B2

公开(公告)日：2020-03-10

申请号：US16265092

申请日：2019-02-01

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Oki Gunawan

IPC: G01C9/06 ,  G06T7/70

Abstract: Inclinometers with a parallel dipole line (PDL) trap system are provided. In one aspect, an inclinometer includes: a PDL trap having a pair of dipole line magnets, a transparent tube in between the dipole line magnets, and a diamagnetic object within the transparent tube, wherein the diamagnetic object is levitating in between the dipole line magnets; and a sensing system for determining a position z of the diamagnetic object in the PDL trap and for determining an inclination angle θ using the position z of the diamagnetic object in the PDL trap. Techniques to detect the diamagnetic object position using optical, capacitive and manual methods are described. A method for determining an inclination angle θ using the present inclinometers is also provided.

公开(公告)号：US10564303B2

公开(公告)日：2020-02-18

申请号：US15219725

申请日：2016-07-26

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Oki Gunawan ,  Yudistira Virgus

IPC: G01V1/00

Abstract: Parallel dipole line (PDL) trap seismometer and vibration sensors are provided. In one aspect of the invention, a seismometer is provided. The seismometer includes: at least one PDL trap having a pair of dipole line magnets, and a diamagnetic object levitating above the dipole line magnets; and a sensing system (passive or active sensing) for determining a position of the diamagnetic object relative to the dipole line magnets and to yield the seismic signal in terms of displacement or acceleration. Methods for sensing vibrations using the present PDL trap seismometer and vibration sensors are also provided.

公开(公告)号：US10564175B2

公开(公告)日：2020-02-18

申请号：US15825708

申请日：2017-11-29

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Bruce G. Elmegreen ,  Oki Gunawan ,  Theodore van Kessel

IPC: G01P15/105 ,  G01P15/18 ,  G01P15/08 ,  G01P15/093 ,  G01P15/125

Abstract: An accelerometer without internal mechanical attachments. Three parallel cylindrical magnets are fixed within a housing. Each cylindrical magnet has a long axis extending through the housing and a cylindrical cross-section. The cylindrical cross-sections of the cylindrical magnets are organized to form a triangular formation. The magnetization of the cylindrical magnets is tangential to the triangular formation. A diamagnetic mass object levitates within the three cylindrical magnets by the magnetization of the cylindrical magnets at an equilibrium position near the center of the triangular formation and near a central axis of the three parallel cylindrical magnets when no external force is applied. Sensors detect the location of the diamagnetic mass object when the diamagnetic mass object is displaced from the equilibrium position near the center of the triangular formation and the three parallel cylindrical magnets by an external force to the housing.