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公开(公告)号：US07015159B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-21
申请号：US09911528
申请日：2001-07-24
CPC分类号： D21H13/14 , D04H1/587 , D04H1/732 , D21H13/26 , D21H17/52 , D21H25/06 , F16C33/201 , F16C33/203 , F16C33/208 , F16C2208/02 , F16C2208/32 , Y10T428/2907 , Y10T428/2913 , Y10T428/2915 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T442/20 , Y10T442/2254 , Y10T442/2475 , Y10T442/273 , Y10T442/2861 , Y10T442/697
摘要： The present invention relates to a saturable nonwoven material comprising fluoropolymer floc and aramid floc, which can be used as a substrate for a liner for self-lubricating bearings and for other applications.
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公开(公告)号：US07247587B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-24
申请号：US11266712
申请日：2005-11-03
CPC分类号： D21H13/14 , D04H1/587 , D04H1/732 , D21H13/26 , D21H17/52 , D21H25/06 , F16C33/201 , F16C33/203 , F16C33/208 , F16C2208/02 , F16C2208/32 , Y10T428/2907 , Y10T428/2913 , Y10T428/2915 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T442/20 , Y10T442/2254 , Y10T442/2475 , Y10T442/273 , Y10T442/2861 , Y10T442/697
摘要： The present invention relates to a saturable nonwoven material comprising fluoropolymer floc and aramid floc, which can be used as a substrate for a liner for self-lubricating bearings and for other applications.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及包含含氟聚合物絮体和芳族聚酰胺絮凝物的饱和非织造材料，其可以用作用于自润滑轴承的衬垫的基底和用于其它应用。
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公开(公告)号：US4567771A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-04
申请号：US502979
申请日：1983-06-10
申请人： Arthur R. Nelson , Glenn R. Elion
发明人： Arthur R. Nelson , Glenn R. Elion
IPC分类号： G01P15/093 , G01H9/00 , G01P15/08
CPC分类号： G01P15/093
摘要： A wide bandwidth, high sensitivity optical accelerometer having a lever arm to amplify the mechanical displacement of the accelerometer mass element. The optical accelerometer includes a high resonant-frequency spring-mass system, wherein the acceleration forces up to several hundred Hz cause a linear displacement of the mass with force, which, through the lever arm, modulates the intensity of a beam of light with a large gain. The modulated light beam is in turn converted to an electrical signal which corresponds to the applied accelerating force. The accelerometer of the present invention may be largely fabricated from a single piece of material such as silicon, wherein the lever, mass, spring and supporting structure are etched from a single substrate according to known photolithographic processes. Alternatively, the accelerometer components may be molded from a sheet plastic or other material. The accelerometer herein described provides a desired wide bandwidth and high sensitivity characteristic, and may be economically and accurately fabricated according to known manufacturing techniques.
摘要翻译： 具有用于放大加速度计质量元件的机械位移的杠杆臂的宽带宽高灵敏度光学加速度计。 光学加速度计包括高谐振频率弹簧质量系统，其中加速力达几百赫兹引起质量与力的线性位移，力通过杠杆臂调制光束的强度 大增益。 调制光束又转换成对应于施加的加速力的电信号。 本发明的加速度计可以很大程度上由单片材料制成，例如硅，其中根据已知的光刻工艺，从单个基板上蚀刻杠杆，质量，弹簧和支撑结构。 或者，加速度计部件可以由片状塑料或其他材料模制。 本文描述的加速度计提供期望的宽带宽和高灵敏度特性，并且可以根据已知的制造技术经济地和精确地制造。
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公开(公告)号：US4756627A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-12
申请号：US641643
申请日：1984-08-17
申请人： Arthur R. Nelson
发明人： Arthur R. Nelson
CPC分类号： G01K5/52
摘要： An integrated-optic waveguide apparatus uses a photoelastic substrate for sensing temperature changes. Optical channels are formed in a photoelastic crystal substrate by depositing film stripes thereon to cause stress-induced changes in the relative refractive index responsive to changes in the substrate temperature. Absorption and coupling or switching of light waves between the channels provides a variable light intensity as a function of temperature. A single-mode temperature sensor of the interferometer type provides high sensitivity without requiring a secondary reference light source. Multimode temperature sensors are also described which exhibit a wide dynamic range useful up to several hundred degrees C. at a slight compromise in sensitivity.
摘要翻译： 集成光波导装置使用光弹性基板来感测温度变化。 通过在其上沉积薄膜条以响应于基板温度的变化而引起应力引起的相对折射率变化，在光弹性晶体基板中形成光通道。 通道之间的光波的吸收和耦合或切换提供可变的光强度作为温度的函数。 干涉仪类型的单模式温度传感器提供高灵敏度，而不需要二次参考光源。 还描述了多模式温度传感器，其表现出宽达数百摄氏度的宽动态范围，在灵敏度方面有轻微的折中。
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公开(公告)号：US4561718A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-31
申请号：US525067
申请日：1983-08-22
申请人： Arthur R. Nelson
发明人： Arthur R. Nelson
CPC分类号： G02F1/3132 , G02B6/30 , G02F1/0131 , Y10T29/41
摘要： An optical waveguide apparatus provides for single-mode and multimode switching or modulation of light wave energy with reduced bias voltages. Optical channels are formed in a crystal substrate by depositing film stripes thereon to cause stress-induced changes in the relative refractive index. Coupling or switching of light waves between the channels is provided by applying a bias which is of reversed polarity at adjacent film stripes, thereby augmenting or diminishing the stress in individual channels. By allowing operation with close spacing of the electrodes and using the enhancement in refractive index change of the stressed substrate in combination with the applied bias, the required control voltage is substantially reduced.
摘要翻译： 光波导装置提供具有降低的偏置电压的单模和多模开关或调制光波能量。 通过在其上沉积膜条而在晶体基板中形成光通道，引起应力引起的相对折射率变化。 通过在相邻薄膜条上施加相反极性的偏压来提供通道之间的光波的耦合或切换，从而增强或减小各个通道中的应力。 通过允许电极的间隔较小的操作并且与所施加的偏压结合使用应力衬底的折射率变化的增强，所需的控制电压显着降低。
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公开(公告)号：US4493212A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US420361
申请日：1982-09-20
申请人： Arthur R. Nelson
发明人： Arthur R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G01D5/26 , G01P15/093 , G02B6/32 , G01P15/08
CPC分类号： G02B6/32 , G01D5/268 , G01P15/093
摘要： An optical sensing system for detecting a physical parameter such as acceleration, temperature or pressure through parameter induced motion of an optical element in a fiber optic path. The motion of the optical element varies the light transmission through the path in which the optical element defines the relationship between motion and alteration in light transmission. In one embodiment the optical element includes a focusing system between an input and an output optical fiber to result in an increase in sensitivity by enhancement of the effect of motion of the optical element of the amount of light transmitted to the output fiber. The optical element may include or be attached to a mass to provide acceleration sensitivity for use in geophysical exploration. In addition, the optical element can be adapted to provide acceleration sensitivity in one direction in combination with insensitivity to acceleration in an orthogonal direction of particular use in such geophysical exploration. The optical element operates either by refraction or reflection and motion is imparted directly to the refracting or reflecting element or to an aperture applied thereto. The linearity between motion of the optical element and amount of light attenuation can be adjusted by the geometry of the system to provide a high degree of linearity or not as desired. The transmitted light can be detected in a ratioing mode in order to avoid effects of variation in light source intensity.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过光纤路径中的光学元件的参数诱导运动来检测诸如加速度，温度或压力的物理参数的光学感测系统。 光学元件的运动通过光学元件限定光传输中的运动和变化之间的关系的路径来改变透光性。 在一个实施例中，光学元件包括在输入和输出光纤之间的聚焦系统，以通过增强光学元件传输到输出光纤的光量的运动的影响来提高灵敏度。 光学元件可以包括或附接到质量块以提供用于地球物理勘探的加速度灵敏度。 此外，光学元件可以适于在一个方向上提供加速度灵敏度，并结合对这种地球物理勘探中特定用途的正交方向的加速度的不敏感性。 光学元件通过折射或反射进行操作，并且将运动直接施加到折射或反射元件或施加到其上的孔。 光学元件的运动和光衰减量之间的线性度可以通过系统的几何形状来调节，以提供高度的线性度或不需要。 可以以比例模式检测透射光，以避免光源强度变化的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US4181399A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-01
申请号：US866888
申请日：1978-01-03
CPC分类号： G02F1/3137
摘要： An apparatus is described for multimode electro-optic switching with reduced switching voltages. A main optical channel is formed by providing a guiding electrode on an electro-optic substrate which is bounded on either side by barrier electrodes to which voltages are applied that possess polarities opposite to the polarity of the voltage applied to the guiding electrode. Quadratic behavior of Snell's law at glancing incidence is utilized to produce, via voltage excitation, a relatively large change in critical angle over a short section of barrier electrodes, which comprises a coupling region, to allow some portion of the guided light energy to couple from the main channel to a similar branch channel positioned in a coupling relationship thereto. Since the polarity of the barrier electrode is opposite to that of the guiding electrode, the guiding voltage is significantly reduced from that required by the prior art. By designing the coupling elements to produce voltage dependent barriers lying parallel to the main channel guiding electrodes, the required switching voltages are reduced to a minimum.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种具有降低的开关电压的多模电光开关的装置。 通过在电光基板上设置引导电极而形成主光通道，该电光基板的两侧由被施加电压的势垒电极限制，该电极具有与施加到引导电极的电压极性相反的极性。 通过电压激励，利用Snell定律的二次性行为，通过电压激励在包括耦合区域的短截面阻挡电极上产生相对大的临界角变化，以允许部分导向光能从 该主通道被设置成与其相连接的关系。 由于阻挡电极的极性与引导电极的极性相反，因此引导电压显着地比现有技术要求的要低。 通过设计耦合元件以产生平行于主通道引导电极的与电压相关的屏障，所需的开关电压被降低到最小。
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公开(公告)号：US4145109A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-20
申请号：US796103
申请日：1977-05-12
申请人： Arthur R. Nelson
发明人： Arthur R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G02B6/12 , G02F1/313 , H04B10/2581 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： H04B10/2581 , G02F1/3137
摘要： A method and apparatus is described for multimode electro-optic multiplexing which provides high interchannel isolation. This isolation is achieved by utilizing voltage induced optical barriers to channelize optical signals and may be increased by positioning spoiler electrodes, which are energized with the channel barrier electrode, in each channel. These spoiler electrodes establish a varying refractive index in the median which deflects optical signals from the output port of the channel, thus providing the increased isolation. The spoiler electrode concept is also employed to provide a non-guided optical multiplexer/demultiplexer.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供高通道隔离的多模电光复用的方法和装置。 这种隔离是通过利用电压诱导的光学屏障来引导光信号来实现的，并且可以通过在每个通道中定位扰流器电极来增加，所述扰流器电极被通道阻挡电极激励。 这些扰流器电极在中值处建立变化的折射率，其偏转来自通道的输出端口的光信号，从而提供增加的隔离。 扰流板电极概念也用于提供非导向光复用器/解复用器。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080295523A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：US11757034
申请日：2007-06-01
IPC分类号： F25B9/00
摘要： A retainer and spring with threaded end are machined from a single piece of material for threading to a piston in a closed cycle cryogenic cooler. Since the machined retainer and spring are a unitary part, they cannot rub against each other during operation of the piston which reduces debris generation. The spring is preferably formed as a double start helix which further increases axial stability and reduces side loading. The spring extends into an integrally formed, threaded end at the end thereof opposite the retainer. The spring is therefore solidly connected to its adjoining parts which greatly reduces tilting and off-axis movements inherent in the prior art, wound spring designs.
摘要翻译： 具有螺纹端的保持器和弹簧由单片材料加工，用于在封闭循环低温冷却器中螺纹连接到活塞。 由于加工的保持器和弹簧是整体部件，所以在活塞运行期间它们不能彼此摩擦，这减少了碎片的产生。 该弹簧优选地形成为双起始螺旋，其进一步增加了轴向稳定性并降低了侧面载荷。 弹簧在与保持器相对的端部处延伸成一体形成的螺纹端。 因此，弹簧牢固地连接到其相邻的部件，这大大减少了现有技术的卷绕弹簧设计中固有的倾斜和离轴运动。
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公开(公告)号：US5822994A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US795972
申请日：1997-02-05
CPC分类号： F02G1/00 , F02G1/0535 , F25B9/14 , F25B2309/001
摘要： This invention provides a low friction linear clearance seal for use in closed cycle cryogenic coolers. The clearance seal comprises a cylinder, a piston mounted within the cylinder for reciprocating movement and a self lubricating polymer liner bonded to the piston which forms an effective seal around the piston. The clearance seal improves the sealing capability between the piston and the cylinder and reduces heat generated by the motion of the piston along the cylinder wall. The clearance seal also improves the performance and reliability of the cryogenic cooler.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于封闭循环低温冷却器的低摩擦线性间隙密封。 间隙密封件包括气缸，安装在气缸内用于往复运动的活塞和结合到活塞的自润滑聚合物衬套，其形成围绕活塞的有效密封。 间隙密封改善了活塞和气缸之间的密封能力，并减少了活塞沿气缸壁运动产生的热量。 间隙密封件还提高了低温冷却器的性能和可靠性。
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