公开(公告)号：US4112497A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US782464

申请日：1977-03-29

申请人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher ,  James W. Layland ,  Warren L. Martin ,  Arthur I. Zygielbaum ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  William P. Hubbard

发明人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher ,  James W. Layland ,  Warren L. Martin ,  Arthur I. Zygielbaum ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  William P. Hubbard

IPC分类号： G06F17/15 ,  G06F15/34 ,  G01S9/38

CPC分类号： G06F17/15

摘要： Apparatus for demodulation and correlation of a code modulated 10 MHz signal is comprised of a sample and hold analog-to-digital (A/D) converter synchronized by a frequency coherent 40 MHz pulse to obtain four evenly spaced samples A1,B1,A2 and B2 of each cycle of the signal, and means for adding, or subtracting, each sample to, or from, one of four accumulators to form the sums: ##EQU1## where M1 = 10 MHz Reference .multidot. Receiver Code .angle.0.degree.M2 = 10 mhz Reference .multidot. Receiver Code .angle.90.degree.The correlation functions that are used for the range measurements are then computed from the following equations:I = S1.sub.I cos .alpha. - S2.sub.I sin .alpha.Q = S1.sub.Q cos .alpha. - S2.sub.Q sin .alpha.where sin .alpha. and cos .alpha. are determined at the start of each range acquisition by forcing the receiver code for both M1 and M2 to be equal to 1 and applying these equations: ##EQU2##

摘要翻译： 用于码调制的10MHz信号的解调和相关的装置由通过频率相干40MHz脉冲同步的采样和保持模数（A / D）转换器组成，以获得四个均匀间隔的采样A1，B1，A2和 B2，以及用于将四个累加器中的每个采样的每个采样相加或减去的装置，以形成总和：其中M1 = 10MHz参考x接收码ANGLE 0 DEG M2 = 10 MHz参考值x接收机编号角度90°用于范围测量的相关函数由以下公式计算：

公开(公告)号：US4450447A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-22

申请号：US284287

申请日：1981-07-17

申请人： Howard A. Zebker ,  Daniel N. Held ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  Thomas C. Bickler

发明人： Howard A. Zebker ,  Daniel N. Held ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  Thomas C. Bickler

IPC分类号： G01S7/40

CPC分类号： G01S7/4052 ,  G01S2007/4095

摘要： A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target simulator for simulating the radar return, or echo, from a target seen by a SAR antenna mounted on a platform moving with respect to the target includes a first-in first-out memory (26) which has digital information clocked in at a rate related to the frequency of a transmitted radar signal and digital information clocked out with a fixed delay defining range between the SAR and the simulated target, and at a rate related to the frequency of the return signal. An rf input signal having a frequency similar to that utilized by a synthetic aperture array radar is mixed with a local oscillator (16) signal to provide a first baseband signal having a frequency considerably lower than that of the rf input signal. The first baseband signal is converted to a plurality of digital words which are clocked into the memory (26) at a rate related to the frequency of the local oscillator (16). A synthesizer (34) is locked to the local oscillator (16) and provides an output signal having a nominal frequency equal to that of the local oscillator ( 16), but altered in accordance with range changes between the SAR and the simulated target, as well as in accordance with Doppler information associated with return signals from the target.

摘要翻译： 用于模拟从安装在相对于目标移动的平台上的SAR天线所看到的目标的雷达返回或回波的合成孔径雷达（SAR）目标模拟器包括先进先出存储器（26），其具有 以与发射的雷达信号的频率相关的速率和以SAR和模拟目标之间的固定延迟定义范围计时的数字信息以与返回信号的频率相关的速率计时的数字信息。 具有与合成孔径阵列雷达所使用的频率相似的频率的RF输入信号与本地振荡器（16）信号混合，以提供具有比rf输入信号的频率显着更低的频率的第一基带信号。 第一基带信号被转换成以与本地振荡器（16）的频率相关的速率计时到存储器（26）中的多个数字字。 合成器（34）被锁定到本地振荡器（16）并且提供具有等于本地振荡器（16）的额定频率的输出信号，但是根据SAR和模拟目标之间的范围变化而改变，如 以及根据与来自目标的返回信号相关联的多普勒信息。

公开(公告)号：US4527721A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-09

申请号：US428693

申请日：1982-09-30

申请人： Richard M. Goldstein

发明人： Richard M. Goldstein

IPC分类号： A45B1/02 ,  A45B19/00 ,  A45C5/14 ,  A45C9/00 ,  A45B3/00

CPC分类号： A45B1/02 ,  A45B19/00 ,  A45C5/14 ,  A45C9/00

摘要： A carrying sled capable of conversion into a beach umbrella. The carrying sled includes a rigid dish-shaped member with wheels or rails on the dish convex surface. An annular flexible material is secured to and along the outer edge of the dish and includes a draw string positioned around and secured in the outer edge of the flexible material for drawing up the flexible material when desired. Pockets are formed at the outer edges of the flexible material for receiving a spoke disposable therein and passing through a tunnel member on the convex side of the dish for maintaining the flexible material in an outwardly extending position from the edge of the dish. A pole member is secured to the center portion of the concave side of the dish, at the pole either being of the telescoping type or formed by plural interconnecting pole members. In the case of the latter, the remaining ones of the interconnectable members are secured to the concave side of the dish when not in use. With the spokes properly assembled and pole in the extended position, the structure operates as a beach umbrella. Upon collapsing of the pole and removal of the spokes, the dish will act as a carrying sled resting upon the wheels or rails with the draw string being tightened to enclose items to be carried between the dish and the flexible material.

摘要翻译： 可以转换成沙滩伞的携带雪橇。 承载滑雪板包括在碟形凸面上具有轮子或轨道的刚性碟形部件。 环形柔性材料被固定到并且沿着盘的外边缘，并且包括围绕并固定在柔性材料的外边缘中的拉弦，用于在需要时拉伸柔性材料。 口袋形成在柔性材料的外边缘处，用于接收在其中的轮辐，并且通过盘的凸面上的通道构件，用于将柔性材料从盘的边缘维持在向外延伸的位置。 杆构件固定在盘的凹面的中心部分处，在杆处是伸缩型或由多个相互连接的杆构件形成。 在后者的情况下，其余的可互连构件在不使用时被固定到盘的凹面。 由于辐条正确组装，杆位处于延伸位置，结构作为沙滩伞运行。 在折叠杆和拆卸轮辐之后，盘将作为搁置在车轮或轨道上的携带滑雪板，拉绳拉紧以包围待盘托与柔性材料之间的物品。

公开(公告)号：US4275313A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-23

申请号：US28115

申请日：1979-04-09

申请人： Harry J. Boll ,  Richard M. Goldstein

发明人： Harry J. Boll ,  Richard M. Goldstein

IPC分类号： H03K19/003 ,  H03K19/0185 ,  H03K17/14 ,  H03K19/094 ,  H03K19/20

CPC分类号： H03K19/018507 ,  H03K19/00315

摘要： An IGFET push-pull driver circuit includes an output stage having pull-up and pull-down IGFETs for driving an output node. An inverter stage drives the gate of the pull-up IGFET. A current sensing IGFET biased to represent a resistance is coupled between the pull-up IGFET and the output node to provide a voltage drop which is proportional to the current flowing through the pull-up IGFET. A regulating IGFET with its channel coupled between the gate of the pull-up IGFET and the output node and with its gate coupled to the juncture of the pull-up IGFET and the current sensing IGFET, responds to the voltage drop across the current sensing IGFET to provide feedback control of the conductance of the pull-up IGFET. The maximum output current of the driver is limited to a value which remains substantially constant over a wide range of processing parameters, operating temperature and load impedance.

摘要翻译： IGFET推挽驱动器电路包括具有用于驱动输出节点的上拉和下拉IGFET的输出级。 逆变器级驱动上拉IGFET的门。 偏置以表示电阻的电流感测IGFET耦合在上拉IGFET和输出节点之间，以提供与流过上拉IGFET的电流成比例的电压降。 调节IGFET，其通道耦合在上拉IGFET的栅极和输出节点之间，并且其栅极耦合到上拉IGFET和电流感测IGFET的接合处，响应电流感测IGFET上的电压降 以提供对上拉IGFET电导的反馈控制。 驱动器的最大输出电流被限制为在宽范围的处理参数，工作温度和负载阻抗上保持基本恒定的值。

公开(公告)号：US06374287B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-16

申请号：US09085132

申请日：1998-05-26

申请人： Richard M. Goldstein

发明人： Richard M. Goldstein

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： G06F9/451

摘要： Techniques for executing client processes on window servers are disclosed. The techniques allow a client process requiring one or more window extensions to run on a local window server without requiring the local server to support the one or more window extensions. The one or more window extensions can be supported by a remote window server. Accordingly, client processes are able to execute on computer systems that do not locally support the window server or window server extensions, which are required by the client processes.

摘要翻译： 公开了在窗口服务器上执行客户端进程的技术。 这些技术允许需要一个或多个窗口扩展的客户端进程在本地窗口服务器上运行，而不需要本地服务器来支持一个或多个窗口扩展。 远程窗口服务器可以支持一个或多个窗口扩展。 因此，客户端进程能够在不在本地支持窗口服务器或窗口服务器扩展的计算机系统上执行，这些客户端进程是必需的。

公开(公告)号：US06281893B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-28

申请号：US08626156

申请日：1996-04-04

申请人： Richard M. Goldstein

发明人： Richard M. Goldstein

IPC分类号： G06F314

CPC分类号： G06F9/452

摘要： A method and apparatus for exploiting the power of existing device independent graphics and text manipulations, while providing a high level of client-side performance for interactive applications using an object oriented client-side library of constructs. The client-side constructs are analogous to the constructs of a selected server-side imaging model, so that the power and performance of existing imaging models (for example, constructs of the PostScript language) are exploited. In an exemplary embodiment, the client-side constructs are provided for use with the C++ programming language. By establishing a client-side object model using a library of constructs analogous to server-side imaging model constructs, program execution speed and efficiency can be improved without sacrificing the device independence of the imaging model. Using a common base class (i.e., a base class common to all output device platforms), an inherent level of transparency between printing to a display and printing to a file or to a printer is achieved in the client-side application development. Thus, the coupling of a complete representation of a given imaging model with the advantages of an object model written in a high level compiled language, such as the strongly-typed C++ language, enables true what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) applications to be efficiently developed and implemented.

摘要翻译： 一种用于利用现有设备独立图形和文本操作的功能的方法和装置，同时使用面向对象的客户端库构造为交互式应用程序提供高水平的客户端性能。 客户端构造类似于所选服务器端映像模型的结构，从而利用现有映像模型（例如PostScript语言的构造）的功能和性能。 在示例性实施例中，客户端构造被提供用于C ++编程语言。 通过使用与服务器端成像模型结构类似的构造库建立客户端对象模型，可以提高程序执行速度和效率，而不会牺牲成像模型的设备独立性。 在客户端应用程序开发中，使用公共基类（即所有输出设备平台公共的基类），在打印到显示器和打印到文件或打印机之间的固有的透明度水平。 因此，给定成像模型的完整表示与使用高级编译语言（如强类型C ++语言）编写的对象模型的优点的耦合使您能够真正了解您的看法 -get（WYSIWYG）应用程序得到有效的开发和实现。

公开(公告)号：US4975704A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-04

申请号：US470665

申请日：1990-01-26

申请人： Andrew K. Gabriel ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  Howard A. Zebker

发明人： Andrew K. Gabriel ,  Richard M. Goldstein ,  Howard A. Zebker

IPC分类号： G01S13/87 ,  G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9023 ,  G01S13/87

摘要： A technique based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry is used to measure very small (1 cm or less) surface deformations with good resolution (10 m) over large areas (50 km). It can be used for accurate measurements of many geophysical phenomena, including swelling and buckling in fault zones, residual, vertical and lateral displacements from seismic events and prevolcanic swelling. Two SAR images are made of a scene by two spaced antennas and a difference interferogram of the scene is made. After unwrapping phases of pixels of the difference interferogram, surface motion or deformation changes of the surface are observed. A second interferogram of the same scene is made from a different pair of images, at least one of which is made after some elapsed time. The second interferogram is then compared with the first interferogram to detect changes in line of sight position of pixels. By resolving line of sight observations into their vector components in other sets of interferograms along at least one other direction, lateral motions may be recovered in their entirety. Since in general, the SAR images are made from flight tracks that are separated, it is not possible to distinguish surface changes from the parallax caused by topography. However, a third image may be used to remove the topography and leave only the surface changes.

摘要翻译： 基于合成孔径雷达（SAR）干涉测量法的技术用于在大面积（50公里）内测量具有良好分辨率（10米）的非常小（1厘米或更小）的表面变形。 它可用于精确测量许多地球物理现象，包括断层带的膨胀和屈曲，地震事件和火山前肿胀的残余，垂直和横向位移。 两个SAR图像由两个隔开的天线由场景制成，并且进行场景的差分干涉图。 在展开差分干涉图像的相位展开后，观察表面的表面运动或变形变化。 相同场景的第二干涉图由不同的一对图像进行，其中至少一个在经过一段时间之后进行。 然后将第二干涉图与第一干涉图进行比较，以检测像素的视线位置的变化。 通过沿着至少另一个方向将视线观察解析为其他组干涉图中的矢量分量，可以全面地回收横向运动。 因为一般来说，SAR图像是由分离的飞行轨迹制成的，因此不可能将表面变化与由地形引起的视差区分开来。 然而，可以使用第三个图像来移除地形并且仅留下表面变化。

公开(公告)号：US4551724A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-05

申请号：US465365

申请日：1983-02-10

申请人： Richard M. Goldstein ,  Edward R. Caro ,  Chialin Wu

发明人： Richard M. Goldstein ,  Edward R. Caro ,  Chialin Wu

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9023

摘要： By using two SAR antennas spaced a known distance, B, and oriented at substantially the same look angle to illuminate the same target area, pixel data from the two antennas may be compared in phase to determine a difference .DELTA..phi. from which a slant angle .theta. is determined for each pixel point from an equation .DELTA..phi.=(2.pi.B/.lambda.)sin(.theta.-.alpha.), where .lambda. is the radar wavelength and .alpha. is the roll angle of the aircraft. The height, h, of each pixel point from the aircraft is determined from the equation h=R cos .theta., and from the known altitude, a, of the aircraft above sea level, the altitude (elevation), a', of each point is determined from the difference a-h. This elevation data may be displayed with the SAR image by, for example, quantizing the elevation at increments of 100 feet starting at sea level, and color coding pixels of the same quantized elevation. The distance, d, of each pixel from the ground track of the aircraft used for the display may be determined more accurately from the equation d=R sin .theta..

摘要翻译： 通过使用间隔已知距离B的两个SAR天线，并以基本相同的视角定向以照射相同的目标区域，可以相位地比较来自两个天线的像素数据，以确定偏斜角θ 根据方程DELTA phi =（2 pi B / lambda）sin（θ-α）为每个像素点确定，其中λ是雷达波长，α是飞机的侧倾角。 从飞行器的每个像素点的高度h从方程h = Rcosθ和从海平面以上的飞行器的已知高度a，每个点的高度（高度），a' 是从差异决定的啊。 该高程数据可以通过例如以海平面开始以100英尺的增量量化海拔的高程和相同量化高程的颜色编码像素来显示SAR图像。 来自用于显示器的飞行器的地面轨道的每个像素的距离d可以从等式d = Rsinθ更准确地确定。