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公开(公告)号：US4077782A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-07
申请号：US730026
申请日：1976-10-06
IPC分类号： B03C3/45
CPC分类号： B03C3/45
摘要： An improved collector structure is disclosed which is adapted for use in electrostatic precipitators to increase the efficiency of operation by increasing the electric field uniformity in the device and by reducing the power consumption without appreciably increasing reentrainment of the precipitated particles during operation. The collector is provided with an insulating material of the type which has an electrical relaxation time, .rho..epsilon., that is preferably greater than that associated with the particle current in the gas near the collector electrode, a triboelectric rank that is as low as possible if the collector electrode is negatively charged or as high as possible if the collector electrode is positively charged with respect to the opposite electrode and a thickness and resistivity such that the voltage drop across the insulation does not exceed about 5 to 10% of the applied voltage between the oppositely charged electrodes of the precipitator. A modification of the apparatus includes a mesh or screen grid structure attached to the exposed surface of the insulation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的收集器结构，其适用于静电除尘器，以通过增加器件中的电场均匀性和降低功耗来提高操作效率，而不会明显增加沉淀颗粒在操作过程中的再吸入。 集电器设置有具有电弛豫时间rhoε的类型的绝缘材料，其优选大于与集电极附近的气体中的颗粒电流相关联的绝缘材料，摩擦电等级尽可能低 如果集电极相对于相对电极具有正电荷，则集电极电极为负电荷或尽可能高，并且厚度和电阻率使得绝缘体两端的电压降不超过施加电压的5％至10％ 除尘器的相反电荷的电极。 该装置的修改包括附接到绝缘体的暴露表面的网格或筛网格结构。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4349359A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-14
申请号：US139831
申请日：1980-04-14
摘要： A multi-stage system is disclosed for removing particles from a gaseous medium and comprises an upstream precipitating stage of spaced corona discharging wires between parallel collecting plates, followed by a downstream precipitating stage having one or more electrically charges shells with flat sides generally parallel to collecting side plates for providing a uniform electric field in the medium carrying space, the sides of the shell having openings through which ions generated in the interior pass into the gaseous medium. A corona discharge apparatus inside the shell produces the ions at predictable, generally uniformly spaced locations. Alternative embodiments of the system include another stage located ahead of the upstream stage for removing the larger particles in the gaseous medium which can comprise a gravitational precipitator, a cyclone separator, a low voltage electrostatic precipitator or a low voltage ion beam generator. A further embodiment of the system includes a downstream electrostatic precipitator stage for recharging and removing particles which may become reentrained in the gaseous medium after initial collection thereof.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从气体介质中除去颗粒的多级系统，并且包括在平行收集板之间的间隔电晕放电线的上游沉淀阶段，随后是具有一个或多个电荷壳的下游沉淀阶段，其中平面大致平行于收集 侧板用于在介质承载空间中提供均匀的电场，壳体的侧面具有开口，内部产生的离子通过该开口进入气态介质。 壳内的电晕放电装置在可预测的，大致均匀间隔的位置产生离子。 该系统的替代实施例包括位于上游级前方的另一级，用于去除可包括重力沉淀器，旋风分离器，低压静电除尘器或低压离子束发生器的气态介质中的较大颗粒。 该系统的另一实施例包括用于对其进行充电和去除的颗粒的下游静电除尘器级，其可以在初始收集之后再次进入气态介质中。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4236900A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US891826
申请日：1978-03-30
摘要： A multi-stage system is disclosed for removing particles from a gaseous medium and comprises an upstream precipitating stage of spaced corona discharging wires between parallel collecting plates, followed by a downstream precipitating stage having one or more electrically charged shells with flat sides generally parallel to collecting side plates for providing a uniform electric field in the medium carrying space, the sides of the shell having openings through which ions generated in the interior pass into the gaseous medium. A corona discharge apparatus inside the shell produces the ions at predictable, generally uniformly spaced locations. Alternative embodiments of the system include another stage located ahead of the upstream stage for removing the larger particles in the gaseous medium which can comprise a gravitational precipitator, a cyclone separator, a low voltage electrostatic precipitator or a low voltage ion beam generator. A further embodiment of the system includes a downstream electrostatic precipitator stage for recharging and removing particles which may become reentrained in the gaseous medium after initial collection thereof.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从气体介质中除去颗粒的多级系统，并且包括在平行收集板之间的间隔的电晕放电线的上游沉淀阶段，随后是具有一个或多个带电荷的壳的下游沉淀阶段， 侧板用于在介质承载空间中提供均匀的电场，壳体的侧面具有开口，内部产生的离子通过该开口进入气态介质。 壳内的电晕放电装置在可预测的，大致均匀间隔的位置产生离子。 该系统的替代实施例包括位于上游级前方的另一级，用于去除可包括重力沉淀器，旋风分离器，低压静电除尘器或低压离子束发生器的气态介质中的较大颗粒。 该系统的另一实施例包括用于对其进行充电和去除的颗粒的下游静电除尘器级，其可以在初始收集之后再次进入气态介质中。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4071334A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-31
申请号：US602730
申请日：1975-08-07
申请人： Alan C. Kolb , James E. Drummond
发明人： Alan C. Kolb , James E. Drummond
摘要： Apparatus and a method for electrically sweeping particles from a gaseous effluent are disclosed which are particularly efficient in removing small as well as large particles. A voltage is applied across two electrodes in such a way that a strong electric field can be generated between them. A source of ions is provided by bombardment of the effluent gas stream with electrons. A strong electric field established between the electrodes creates at least one region of ions having only one polarity and moves these ions towards the oppositely charged electrode. In the region having ions of one sign, these ions rapidly charge the particles, especially small sized particles because of the strong electric field. The charged particles are moved by the field and deposited on the oppositely charged collection electrode where they agglomerate in preparation for collection and disposal.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于从气体流出物中电除尘颗粒的装置和方法，其特别有效地去除小颗粒以及大颗粒。 在两个电极之间施加电压，使得它们之间可以产生强电场。 通过用电子轰击流出气流提供离子源。 在电极之间建立的强电场产生至少一个仅具有一个极性的离子区域，并将这些离子移向相对带电的电极。 在具有一个符号的离子的区域中，由于强电场，这些离子快速地给粒子，特别是小尺寸的粒子充电。 带电粒子通过场移动并沉积在相反电荷的收集电极上，在这些收集电极中它们聚集以准备收集和处置。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for electrostatic precipitating particles from a gaseous effluent 失效用于从气态流出物静电沉淀颗粒的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4070163A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-24
申请号：US603157
申请日：1975-08-08
申请人： Alan C. Kolb , James E. Drummond
发明人： Alan C. Kolb , James E. Drummond
摘要： Apparatus and a method for electrically sweeping particles from a gaseous effluent are disclosed which offer improved efficiency in removing particles of all sizes. A voltage is applied across two electrodes in such a way that a strong electric field can be generated between them. Ions of one sign enter the effluent gas stream from a thermionic ion emitter. A strong electric field is established between the electrodes to move the ions towards the oppositely charged electrode. These ions of one sign rapidly charge the particles because of the strong electric field. The charged particles are moved by the field and deposited on the oppositely charged collection electrode where they agglomerate in preparation for collection and disposal.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于从气态流出物中电除尘颗粒的装置和方法，其提供了去除各种尺寸颗粒的效率。 在两个电极之间施加电压，使得它们之间可以产生强电场。 一个符号的离子进入来自热离子发射器的废气流。 在电极之间建立强电场以将离子移向相对带电的电极。 一个符号的这些离子由于强电场而迅速充电。 带电粒子通过场移动并沉积在相反电荷的收集电极上，在这些收集电极中它们聚集以准备收集和处置。
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公开(公告)号：US5033203A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-23
申请号：US483619
申请日：1990-02-23
申请人： David B. Chang , James E. Drummond , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih
发明人： David B. Chang , James E. Drummond , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih
摘要： An improved curing oven using Wellsbach conversion is disclosed. The present invention 10 provides an improved curing oven which cures materials with electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet region. The invention consists of a surface 12 lined with a layer of material 14 effective to radiate ultraviolet radiation in response to the application of infrared radiation. In a specific illustrative implementation, the invention 10 includes a second surface 18 overlying the first surface 12 providing a passageway therebetween. The oven temperature is set and maintained by a conventional temperature controller 20. The temperature controller 20 measures the oven temperature and controls a valve 22 which adjusts the gas pressure from a gas supply 24 to a set of oven burners 26. Air is supplied through inlet ports 28 included in the second surface 18.
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4778493A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-18
申请号：US856490
申请日：1986-04-28
摘要： An electrical precipitator which uses a combination of field charging, diffusion charging, and electron charging for the enhancement of fine particle charging and collection. A precipitator is described for the collection of fine particles of less than 1.0 micron in diameter from an effluent by enhancing the charge thereon by electrons of high kinetic energy. Another feature of the invention describes a precharging stage which can be added to the electron charging stage, or other conventional precipitator stage, that operates the basis of ion bombardment or diffusion of thermally active ions. The precharging stage charges the fine particles and they can later be increased in charge and precipitated by the electron charging stage. Another feature of the invention describes disposing a conventional stage for coarse particulates over 1.0 micron in diameter between the diffusion charging stage and the electron charging stage.
摘要翻译： 一种电场除尘器，其采用场充电，扩散充电和电子充电的组合来增强微粒充电和收集。 描述了一种沉淀器，用于通过用高动能的电子增强其上的电荷，从流出物中收集直径小于1.0微米的细颗粒。 本发明的另一特征描述了一种预充电阶段，其可以添加到充电阶段或其它常规除尘器阶段，其操作热活性离子的离子轰击或扩散的基础。 预充电阶段对细颗粒充电，随后可以增加电荷并通过电子充电阶段沉淀。 本发明的另一特征描述了在扩散充电阶段和电子充电阶段之间为直径超过1.0微米的粗颗粒设置常规阶段。
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8.发明授权Reduction of nonmetallic coating surface vertical irregularities by electrostatic pressure 失效通过静电压力减少非金属涂层表面的垂直不规则性
公开(公告)号：US5250326A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US814206
申请日：1991-12-20
CPC分类号： B05C11/02
摘要： A time-efficient method for smoothing a surface 20 of an applied coating composition 22 is disclosed herein. In particular, the present invention sets forth a technique for expediting the subsidence of coating surface nonmetallic vertical irregularities R1, R2. The technique of the present invention is applied subsequent to the application of the coating composition 22 to an electrically conductive object 24, which results in the formation of a coating surface 20. The technique of the present invention includes the step of generating electrically charged particles 40 in a volume of space adjacent to the coating surface 20. The charged particles 40 cause an electric field to develop across the coating composition 22, which induces the charged particles 40 to exert pressure on the coating surface 20.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了一种用于平滑施加的涂料组合物22的表面20的时间有效的方法。 特别地，本发明提出了一种加速涂层表面非金属垂直不规则性R1，R2的沉降的技术。 本发明的技术在将涂料组合物22施加到导电物体24之后应用，导致形成涂层表面20.本发明的技术包括产生带电粒子40的步骤 在与涂层表面20相邻的空间的体积中。带电粒子40导致跨过涂层组合物22的电场，这引起带电粒子40在涂层表面20上施加压力。
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公开(公告)号：US5076662A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US340655
申请日：1989-04-20
申请人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , Norton L. Moise , James E. Drummond
发明人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , Norton L. Moise , James E. Drummond
CPC分类号： G06E3/001
摘要： An electro-optical system that implements the self-tiling process of fining proper Iterated Function Systems for modeling natural objects. The system can operate in two different modes, a real-time interactive mode and an automated mode. The purpose of the system is to speed up the process of finding a proper IFS for a given object to be modeled. The system makes use of optical processing, including optical means for rotating, magnifying/demagnifying and translating an input image. Optical beamsplitters are used to combine transformed images to produce a tiled output image. In one embodiment, an automated controller evaluates the goodness of the match between the tiled image and the input image and generates control signals which cause adjustment of the settings of the optical means. The process is repeated automatically until the match is sufficiently good. The invention can also be operated in a manual, man-in-the-loop mode.
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for reducing matter to constituent elements and separating one of the elements from the other elements 失效用于将物质还原成组成元件并将元件与其它元件分离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3942975A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-09
申请号：US269634
申请日：1972-07-07
CPC分类号： C22B4/005
摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing matter, particularly chemical compounds, to constituent elements in a high temperature environment (a plasma) and separating one of the elements from the other elements. Reduction is effected by raising the input compound to a high temperature -- thermally disassociating it. Separation is effected by partly ionizing one of the species (elements) to be separated and moving the resultant mixture of gas and plasma at a velocity (v) through a magnetic field (B) having a vector component (B.sub..vertline.) perpendicular to the plasma velocity vector. The interaction of the perpendicular and parallel components of the magnetic field with the ions and electrons in the plasma produces a separating force perpendicular to the direction of plasma flow. The separating force acts on the entire specie which is significantly ionized even though it is only partially ionized. Axial symmetry is maintained so that a space charge does not build up and destroy the flow of electric current in a direction transverse to the plasma flow.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将物质，特别是化合物还原成高温环境（等离子体）中的组成元素并将其中一种元素与其它元素分离的方法和装置。 通过将输入的化合物升高至高温 - 使其分解而实现还原。 通过部分电离待分离的物质（元素）中的一种进行分离，并以所述速度（v）将所得到的气体和等离子体的混合物通过具有垂直于所述物质（B）的矢量分量（B + 234）的磁场 等离子体速度矢量。 磁场的垂直和平行分量与等离子体中的离子和电子的相互作用产生垂直于等离子体流动方向的分离力。 分离力作用于整个物质，即使仅部分离子化，该分离力也显着离子化。 保持轴向对称性，使得空间电荷不会在横向于等离子体流的方向上积累并破坏电流。
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