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公开(公告)号：US5121426A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US455128
申请日：1989-12-22
IPC分类号： H04R3/02 , H04M1/20 , H04M1/60 , H04M1/62 , H04M9/08 , H04R1/34 , H04R1/38 , H04R1/40 , H04R27/00
摘要： A loudspeaking telephone station (speakerphone) includes a loudspeaker and one or more microphones within the same housing. The microphones are directional, each having a polar response characteristic that includes a major lobe, one or more side lobes, and nulls between pairs of lobes. The loudspeaker is positioned in the null of the polar response characteristic that resides between the major lobe and an adjacent side lobe. The microphone apparatus is positioned so that its major lobe is aimed in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the direction that the loudspeaker is aimed. Means are provided for increasing the distance between input sound ports of a first-order-gradient (FOG) microphone and thereby improving its sensitivity. A pair of such improved FOG microphones are used in assembling a second-order-gradient microphone. Full duplex operation is achieved when a pair of echo cancelers are added to further reduce the coupling between the transmit and receive directions of the speakerphone.
摘要翻译： 扬声器电话（扬声器）包括扬声器和同一外壳内的一个或多个麦克风。 麦克风是定向的，每个麦克风具有极性响应特性，其包括主瓣，一个或多个旁瓣，以及叶对之间的零点。 扬声器位于主瓣和相邻旁瓣之间的极性响应特性的零点。 麦克风装置被定位成使得其主瓣朝向一般垂直于扬声器瞄准方向的方向。 提供了用于增加一阶梯度（FOG）麦克风的输入声音端口之间的距离并从而提高其灵敏度的装置。 在组装二阶梯度麦克风时使用一对这样改进的FOG麦克风。 当添加一对回声消除器以进一步减少扬声器的发送和接收方向之间的耦合时，实现全双工操作。
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公开(公告)号：US5506908A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US268462
申请日：1994-06-30
申请人： John C. Baumhauer, Jr. , Jeffrey P. McAteer , Alan D. Michel , Christopher T. Welsh , Kevin D. Willis
发明人： John C. Baumhauer, Jr. , Jeffrey P. McAteer , Alan D. Michel , Christopher T. Welsh , Kevin D. Willis
摘要： Full directional pickup coverage is realized by employing a pickup arrangement which provides a plurality of audio polar directivity patterns, i.e., directional beams. These polar directivity patterns are formed in a unique embodiment of the invention by generating a plurality of frequency independent time-delayed versions of a corresponding plurality of spatially sampled signals and by combining each of the plurality of spatially sampled signals with one or more selected ones of the time delayed versions to generate at least a similar plurality of polar directivity patterns. More specifically, the spatially sampled signals are combined with the delayed versions in such a manner that a greater number of polar directivity patterns can be considered than the number of spatially sampled signals. In a specific embodiment, the spatially sampled signals are acoustic (audio) and a plurality of microphones arranged in a predetermined spatial configuration is employed to obtain them.
摘要翻译： 通过采用提供多个音频极性方向性图案（即，定向波束）的拾取装置来实现全方向拾取覆盖。 这些极性方向性图案通过产生相应多个空间采样信号的多个频率独立的时间延迟版本并通过将多个空间采样信号中的每一个与一个或多个选定的空间采样信号 时间延迟版本以生成至少相似的多个极坐标方向图。 更具体地，空间采样的信号与延迟版本组合，使得可以考虑比空间采样信号的数量更多的极坐标方向性图案。 在具体实施例中，空间采样的信号是声学（音频），并且采用以预定的空间配置排列的多个麦克风来获得它们。
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公开(公告)号：US5515445A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US268464
申请日：1994-06-30
CPC分类号： H04R3/005 , H04R1/40 , H04R29/006
摘要： The long term average broad band gains of a plurality of individual signal channels, associated with a corresponding plurality of microphone elements, are electronically and dynamically adapted to one another. This is realized by periodically and dynamically processing the signals from the individual microphone elements. More specifically, the processing is such that the long term average broad band gain of the signal channels of the individual microphone elements is dynamically adjusted, an energy estimate of each microphone signal channel is averaged over the long term and the difference in energy between the signal channels is used to readjust the long term average broad band gain of the microphone signal channels to minimize those differences. In one embodiment, the adjustment is realized by obtaining an estimate of the energy of the adjusted signal in each microphone signal channel, obtaining the differences between the energy estimates and averaging the difference over the long term to obtain a gain differential correction factor which is used to readjust the long term broad band gain of at least one of the microphone signal channels to minimize the gain difference between the microphone signal channels. In another embodiment, a long term estimate of the energy in each microphone signal channel is obtained. A ratio of the energy estimates is obtained and used to adjust the long term average broad band gain of at least one of the microphone signal channels to equalize the gain in the microphone signal channels.
摘要翻译： 与相应的多个麦克风元件相关联的多个单独信号通道的长期平均宽带增益是电子地且动态地相互适应的。 这是通过周期性地和动态地处理来自各个麦克风元件的信号来实现的。 更具体地说，处理使得各个麦克风元件的信号通道的长期平均宽带增益被动态地调节，每个麦克风信号通道的能量估计在长期上被平均，并且信号之间的能量差异 通道用于重新调整麦克风信号通道的长期平均宽带增益以最小化这些差异。 在一个实施例中，通过获得每个麦克风信号通道中经调整的信号的能量的估计来实现调整，获得能量估计之间的差异并长期平均差异以获得使用的增益差分校正因子 以重新调整麦克风信号通道中的至少一个的长期宽带增益以最小化麦克风信号通道之间的增益差。 在另一个实施例中，获得每个麦克风信号通道中的能量的长期估计。 获得能量估计的比率并用于调整至少一个麦克风信号通道的长期平均宽带增益以均衡麦克风信号通道中的增益。
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公开(公告)号：US5226076A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US486444
申请日：1993-02-28
摘要： A directional microphone assembly is constructed from a first-order-gradient microphone element enclosed within a housing, molded from an acoustically-opaque, resilient material such as Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer. The microphone element includes a diaphragm which moves under the influence of sound pressures applied on its opposite surfaces to generate an electrical signal which is proportional to the differential sound pressure. The housing includes a first acoustically-transparent channel for communicating sound pressure from a first opening in the housing to one surface of the diaphragm, and a second acoustically-transparent channel for communicating sound pressure from a second opening in the housing to the other surface of the diaphragm. The housing supports the microphone element and forms a continuous seal around its perimeter so that sound pressure in one channel does not leak into the other. The distance between the openings is relatively large in order to improve the sensitivity and directivity of the microphone. Moreover, the directional microphone assembly is configured to be embedded within, or behind, an exterior surface of sound-input equipment with the openings of the housing located along the exterior surface. The resilient housing structure forms a seal with the sound-input equipment surface.
摘要翻译： 定向麦克风组件由封闭在壳体内的一级梯度麦克风元件构成，由声学不透明的弹性材料（例如乙烯 - 丙烯 - 二烯 - 单体）模制而成。 麦克风元件包括隔膜，其在施加在其相对表面上的声压的影响下移动，以产生与差分声压成比例的电信号。 壳体包括用于将声压从壳体中的第一开口传递到膜片的一个表面的第一声透明通道，以及用于将声压从壳体中的第二开口传递到另一表面的第二声透明通道 隔膜。 壳体支撑麦克风元件并围绕其周边形成连续的密封，使得一个通道中的声压不会泄漏到另一个通道中。 为了提高麦克风的灵敏度和方向性，开口之间的距离相对较大。 此外，定向麦克风组件被配置为嵌入声音输入设备的外表面内或之后，其中壳体的开口沿着外表面定位。 弹性壳体结构与声音输入设备表面形成密封。
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公开(公告)号：USD432119S
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US107397
申请日：1999-07-02
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公开(公告)号：US4965775A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-23
申请号：US354535
申请日：1989-05-19
CPC分类号： H04R1/406 , H04R1/326 , H04R1/38 , H04R2499/13
摘要： Second-order gradient (SOG) toroidal and unidirectional microphones derived using a first-order gradient sensor (FOG) and a reflecting plane are described. The FOG is positioned with its axis illustratively orthogonal to and suspended a few centimeters from a large acoustically reflecting surface. The resulting sensor image is phase reversed resulting in a transducer that is a linear quadrupole. The linear quadrupole can be described by two dimensions, the distance corresponding to the FOG's dipole distance and twice the distance from the reflecting plane. If the reflecting surface is large enough or if the wall of an enclosure is used, the resulting microphone becomes a SOG unidirectional microphone. The perfect match between the sensor and its image from a good acoustic reflector results in an ideal SOG microphone with 3 dB beam width of .+-.33.degree. and no grating lobes below about 3 kHz for a spacing from the reflecting plane of about 2.5 cm. A wall-mounted toroid can be formed by using two FOGs at right angles to each other and with the axis of each sensor at 45.degree. to the reflecting surface and a spacing between transducers that is twice the height of the transducers from the reflecting plane. A table-mounted toroid can be realized by properly combining a filtered version of a suspended FOG and an omnidirectional sensor flush mounted to the reflecting table-top. Other arrays of image-derived directional sensors are applied to hands-free telephoning and other noise and reverberation-reducing arrangements.
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公开(公告)号：USD363721S
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US28536
申请日：1994-09-19
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公开(公告)号：US5369701A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-29
申请号：US967340
申请日：1992-10-28
CPC分类号： H04M1/62
摘要： A speakerphone comprises an upper housing member and a lower housing member that are joined together to enclose a loudspeaker, a microphone, and a printed wiring board having electronic components mounted thereon that cooperate in the operation of the speakerphone. The upper housing member includes a continuous sidewall that is molded into its underside and extends downwardly toward the printed wiring board. The sidewall surrounds a group of sound apertures that are also molded into the upper housing member. A loudspeaker is attached to the underside of the upper housing member in such a manner that it completely covers the sound apertures. A sealed enclosure within the speakerphone is formed by creating a seal between the sidewalls and the printed wiring board. A compliant gasket is illustratively used to create the seal. As a result, the frequency response of the loudspeaker is improved, and acoustic coupling between the loudspeaker and the microphone is reduced. The frequency response of the loudspeaker is further improved by inserting acoustically absorbent material, and by extending a tuned port, into the sealed enclosure.
摘要翻译： 扬声器包括上壳体构件和下壳体构件，其连接在一起以包围扬声器，麦克风和其上安装有电子部件的印刷线路板，其在扬声器的操作中协作。 上壳体构件包括连续侧壁，其被模制到其下侧并向印刷线路板向下延伸。 侧壁包围一组声音孔，其也模制在上壳体中。 扬声器以完全覆盖声孔的方式附接到上壳体构件的下侧。 通过在侧壁和印刷电路板之间形成密封来形成扬声器电话内的密封外壳。 示例性地使用柔性垫圈来产生密封。 结果，提高了扬声器的频率响应，并且降低了扬声器和麦克风之间的声耦合。 通过插入吸声材料并将调谐端口延伸到密封外壳中，进一步提高扬声器的频率响应。
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