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    Slow purge for improved water removal, freeze durability, purge energy efficiency and voltage degradation due to shutdown/startup cycling
    1.
    发明授权
    Slow purge for improved water removal, freeze durability, purge energy efficiency and voltage degradation due to shutdown/startup cycling 有权
    缓慢吹扫以改善脱水，冻结耐久性，清除能源效率以及由于停机/启动循环引起的电压降低

    公开(公告)号：US07883810B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-02-08

    申请号：US11558090

    申请日：2006-11-09

    申请人： John C. Fagley ,  Yan Zhang ,  Paul Taichiang Yu

    发明人： John C. Fagley ,  Yan Zhang ,  Paul Taichiang Yu

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04179 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A system for the slow purge of a fuel cell stack. A pump can be used to keep the coolant circulating, so that the stack, an associated radiator, and coolant plumbing therebetween are maintained at the same temperature. The heat from the stack, liquid coolant, and radiator can be used to provide the heat of vaporization of the liquid in the stack, and the liquid water can be removed from the stack as water vapor. Because the air flow rate is relatively low, there is sufficient time for the water to vaporize and for the air to come to the same temperature as the stack, which is also facilitated by high surface area for heat transfer. Purge air can be drawn into the stack through the radiator, via a purge air blower, which preheats the air to help avoid frigid air contacting the stack.

    摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆的缓慢吹扫的系统。 可以使用泵来保持冷却剂循环，使得堆叠，相关联的散热器和在它们之间的冷却剂管道保持在相同的温度。 可以使用来自堆垛，液体冷却剂和散热器的热量来提供堆叠中的液体的蒸发热，并且可以将水作为水蒸汽从堆叠中移出。 由于空气流量相对较低，因此有足够的时间使水蒸发并使空气达到与堆叠相同的温度，这也由于热传递的高表面积而被促进。 吹扫空气可以通过散热器通过吹扫空气鼓风机进入烟囱，预热空气以帮助避免冷藏空气接触堆垛。

    SLOW PURGE FOR IMPROVED WATER REMOVAL, FREEZE DURABILITY, PURGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND VOLTAGE DEGRADATION DUE TO SHUTDOWN/STARTUP CYCLING
    2.
    发明申请
    SLOW PURGE FOR IMPROVED WATER REMOVAL, FREEZE DURABILITY, PURGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND VOLTAGE DEGRADATION DUE TO SHUTDOWN/STARTUP CYCLING 有权
    用于改进水移除的慢冲洗，冻结耐久性，清洗/启动循环的能源效率和电压降低

    公开(公告)号：US20080113240A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-15

    申请号：US11558090

    申请日：2006-11-09

    申请人： John C. Fagley ,  Yan Zhang ,  Paul Taichiang Yu

    发明人： John C. Fagley ,  Yan Zhang ,  Paul Taichiang Yu

    IPC分类号： H01M8/02

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04179 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A system for the slow purge of a fuel cell stack. A pump can be used to keep the coolant circulating, so that the stack, an associated radiator, and coolant plumbing therebetween are maintained at the same temperature. The heat from the stack, liquid coolant, and radiator can be used to provide the heat of vaporization of the liquid in the stack, and the liquid water can be removed from the stack as water vapor. Because the air flow rate is relatively low, there is sufficient time for the water to vaporize and for the air to come to the same temperature as the stack, which is also facilitated by high surface area for heat transfer. Purge air can be drawn into the stack through the radiator, via a purge air blower, which preheats the air to help avoid frigid air contacting the stack.

    摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆的缓慢吹扫的系统。 可以使用泵来保持冷却剂循环，使得堆叠，相关联的散热器和在它们之间的冷却剂管道保持在相同的温度。 可以使用来自堆垛，液体冷却剂和散热器的热量来提供堆叠中的液体的蒸发热，并且可以将水作为水蒸汽从堆叠中移出。 由于空气流量相对较低，因此有足够的时间使水蒸发并使空气达到与堆叠相同的温度，这也由于热传递的高表面积而被促进。 吹扫空气可以通过散热器通过吹扫空气鼓风机进入烟囱，预热空气以帮助避免冷藏空气接触堆垛。

    Using an effectiveness approach to model a fuel cell membrane humidification device
    3.
    发明授权
    Using an effectiveness approach to model a fuel cell membrane humidification device 有权
    使用有效的方法来模拟燃料电池膜加湿装置

    公开(公告)号：US08431276B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

    申请号：US12755315

    申请日：2010-04-06

    申请人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    发明人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  G01N7/00 ,  H01M8/10

    CPC分类号： G05D22/02 ,  H01M4/0471

    摘要： A method for determining the water transfer in a water vapor transfer unit of a fuel cell system that employs a model based approach. The method includes determining a capacity ratio of wet streams and dry streams flowing through the water vapor transfer unit, determining the number of mass transfer units of the water vapor transfer unit, estimating a mass transfer effectiveness value given the capacity ratio and the number of mass transfer units for the water vapor transfer unit, and determining the amount of water transferred in the water vapor transfer unit using the mass transfer effectiveness value, the mass flow rates on a dry basis of the dry stream and the wet stream, and the mass flow rates of water of the dry inlet stream and the wet inlet stream.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于确定采用基于模型的方法的燃料电池系统的水蒸气转移单元中的水分传递的方法。 该方法包括确定流经水蒸汽转移单元的湿流和干流的容量比，确定水蒸汽转移单元的传质单元数，估计容量比和质量数的质量传递有效值 用于水蒸汽转移单元的转移单元，以及使用传质有效性值确定在水蒸汽转移单元中传输的水的量，干流和湿流干质量流量以及质量流量 干燥入口流和湿入口流的水速率。

    Flow Shifting Coolant During Freeze Start-Up To Promote Stack Durability And Fast Start-Up
    4.
    发明申请
    Flow Shifting Coolant During Freeze Start-Up To Promote Stack Durability And Fast Start-Up 有权
    冷冻启动期间的流动转换冷却液，以促进堆叠耐用性和快速启动

    公开(公告)号：US20080026274A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

    申请号：US11460367

    申请日：2006-07-27

    申请人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    发明人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/2483 ,  Y10T29/49002

    摘要： An auxiliary coolant system, for a fuel cell stack system, includes a reversible coolant pump, a control valve, and plumbing lines. The pump enables the reversal of the coolant flow direction in the fuel cell stack system. The auxiliary coolant system is in parallel with the primary coolant system, and communicates with the primary coolant system via valves. During start-up, when coolant flow is from right-to-left through the fuel cell stack system, one valve of the primary coolant system will be partly open and control the amount of cold coolant make-up from the primary coolant system to the fuel cell stack while the valve of the auxiliary coolant system will be controlling the temperature differential between the inlet and outlet of the stack.

    摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆系统的辅助冷却剂系统包括可逆冷却剂泵，控制阀和管线。 泵能够使燃料电池堆系统中的冷却剂流动方向反转。 辅助冷却剂系统与主冷却剂系统并联，并且通过阀与主冷却剂系统连通。 在启动过程中，当冷却剂从左到右通过燃料电池堆系统时，主冷却剂系统的一个阀将部分打开，并控制冷却液从主冷却剂系统到 燃料电池堆，而辅助冷却剂系统的阀门将控制堆叠的入口和出口之间的温差。

    USING AN EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH TO MODEL A FUEL CELL MEMBRANE HUMIDIFICATION DEVICE
    5.
    发明申请
    USING AN EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH TO MODEL A FUEL CELL MEMBRANE HUMIDIFICATION DEVICE 有权
    对模型A燃料电池加湿装置使用有效方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110239747A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-10-06

    申请号：US12755315

    申请日：2010-04-06

    申请人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    发明人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    IPC分类号： G01N7/00

    CPC分类号： G05D22/02 ,  H01M4/0471

    摘要： A method for determining the water transfer in a water vapor transfer unit of a fuel cell system that employs a model based approach. The method includes determining a capacity ratio of wet streams and dry streams flowing through the water vapor transfer unit, determining the number of mass transfer units of the water vapor transfer unit, estimating a mass transfer effectiveness value given the capacity ratio and the number of mass transfer units for the water vapor transfer unit, and determining the amount of water transferred in the water vapor transfer unit using the mass transfer effectiveness value, the mass flow rates on a dry basis of the dry stream and the wet stream, and the mass flow rates of water of the dry inlet stream and the wet inlet stream.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于确定采用基于模型的方法的燃料电池系统的水蒸气转移单元中的水分传递的方法。 该方法包括确定流经水蒸汽转移单元的湿流和干流的容量比，确定水蒸汽转移单元的传质单元数，估计容量比和质量数的质量传递有效值 用于水蒸汽转移单元的转移单元，以及使用传质有效性值确定在水蒸汽转移单元中传输的水的量，干流和湿流干质量流量以及质量流量 干燥入口流和湿入口流的水速率。

    Flow shifting coolant during freeze start-up to promote stack durability and fast start-up
    6.
    发明授权
    Flow shifting coolant during freeze start-up to promote stack durability and fast start-up 有权
    在冷冻启动期间流动冷却剂，以提高堆的耐久性和快速启动

    公开(公告)号：US07749632B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-06

    申请号：US11460367

    申请日：2006-07-27

    申请人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    发明人： Yan Zhang ,  John C. Fagley

    IPC分类号： H01M2/00 ,  H01M8/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/2483 ,  Y10T29/49002

    摘要： An auxiliary coolant system, for a fuel cell stack system, includes a reversible coolant pump, a control valve, and plumbing lines. The pump enables the reversal of the coolant flow direction in the fuel cell stack system. The auxiliary coolant system is in parallel with the primary coolant system, and communicates with the primary coolant system via valves. During start-up, when coolant flow is from right-to-left through the fuel cell stack system, one valve of the primary coolant system will be partly open and control the amount of cold coolant make-up from the primary coolant system to the fuel cell stack while the valve of the auxiliary coolant system will be controlling the temperature differential between the inlet and outlet of the stack.

    摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆系统的辅助冷却剂系统包括可逆冷却剂泵，控制阀和管线。 泵能够使燃料电池堆系统中的冷却剂流动方向反转。 辅助冷却剂系统与主冷却剂系统并联，并且通过阀与主冷却剂系统连通。 在启动过程中，当冷却剂从左到右通过燃料电池堆系统时，主冷却剂系统的一个阀将部分打开，并控制冷却液从主冷却剂系统到 燃料电池堆，而辅助冷却剂系统的阀门将控制堆叠的入口和出口之间的温差。

    ANODE ACCUMULATION TANK WITH HIGH NITROGEN CONCENTRATION BLEED FOR A FUEL CELL STACK FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM
    8.
    发明申请
    ANODE ACCUMULATION TANK WITH HIGH NITROGEN CONCENTRATION BLEED FOR A FUEL CELL STACK FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM 有权
    用于燃料电池堆栈燃料输送系统的高氮浓度的阳极累积罐

    公开(公告)号：US20080187793A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-07

    申请号：US11671017

    申请日：2007-02-05

    申请人： Jon P. Owejan ,  John C. Fagley ,  Steven G. Goebel

    发明人： Jon P. Owejan ,  John C. Fagley ,  Steven G. Goebel

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/04164 ,  H01M8/04179

    摘要： A fuel cell system is described having a fuel cell stack including a PEM fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, the fuel cell stack further including an anode outlet and an anode inlet, a hydrogen storage device in communication with the anode inlet and configured to supply a hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack, and an accumulation reservoir in communication with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack. The accumulation reservoir is configured to accumulate a quantity of water and an exhaust stream including the hydrogen gas during a purge event and resupply the exhaust stream to the fuel cell stack after the purge event is complete. The accumulation reservoir can be a second fuel cell stack. A method of operating the fuel cell system is also provided.

    摘要翻译： 燃料电池系统被描述为具有包括具有阳极和阴极的PEM燃料电池的燃料电池堆，燃料电池堆还包括阳极出口和阳极入口，与阳极入口连通的氢存储装置， 向燃料电池堆供应氢气，以及与燃料电池堆的阳极出口连通的蓄积池。 累积储存器被配置为在净化事件期间累积一定量的水和包括氢气的废气流，并且在清除事件完成之后将废气流重新供应到燃料电池堆。 蓄积容器可以是第二燃料电池堆。 还提供了操作燃料电池系统的方法。

    Relative Humidity Control For A Fuel Cell
    10.
    发明申请
    Relative Humidity Control For A Fuel Cell 有权
    燃料电池相对湿度控制

    公开(公告)号：US20110207010A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

    申请号：US13092223

    申请日：2011-04-22

    申请人： Steven G. Goebel ,  William H. Pettit ,  John C. Fagley ,  Lee C. Whitehead

    发明人： Steven G. Goebel ,  William H. Pettit ,  John C. Fagley ,  Lee C. Whitehead

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04119 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A model uses various operating characteristics of a fuel cell to predict the relative humidity profile that is occurring within the fuel cell as a function of the reaction progress. The model is used to predict the relative humidity profile that will occur in response to changes to one or more of the operating characteristics of the fuel cell. A high frequency resistance of the fuel cell can also be used as a measure that is indicative of the humidity within the fuel cell. The model and/or the high frequency resistance can be used in a closed-loop feedback system to control the operation of the fuel cell to maintain the humidification of the MEA and fuel cells within a desired range to achieve a desired fuel cell performance.

    摘要翻译： 模型使用燃料电池的各种操作特性来预测在燃料电池内发生的相对湿度分布作为反应进程的函数。 该模型用于预测响应于燃料电池的一个或多个操作特性的变化而发生的相对湿度分布。 燃料电池的高频电阻也可以用作指示燃料电池内的湿度的措施。 该模型和/或高频阻抗可以用在闭环反馈系统中以控制燃料电池的操作，以将MEA和燃料电池的加湿保持在期望的范围内，以实现期望的燃料电池性能。