公开(公告)号：US06275859B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US09429192

申请日：1999-10-28

申请人： Joseph S. Wesley ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Radia J. Perlman ,  Joseph E. Provino ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

发明人： Joseph S. Wesley ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Radia J. Perlman ,  Joseph E. Provino ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

IPC分类号： G06F1516

CPC分类号： H04L12/1877 ,  G06F15/16 ,  H04L9/321 ,  H04L9/3263 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L63/0823 ,  H04L63/104

摘要： To authenticate and authorize prospective members in a reliable multicast data distribution setup, the prospective members contact a central authority to obtain a “participation certificate” for the multicast session. The central authority authenticates each node and issues a digitally signed certificate to the node. Each certificate contains information specifying the manner in which the respective node is authorized to participate in the multicast session in addition to the respective node's public key. The nodes exchange their participation certificates with each other during session-establishment dialog to prove their identities and their authorization to participate. Each node verifies the rights of other nodes based on authorization information contained in the participation certificate received from the other node. Thus, a node is allowed to participate as a repair node only if it presents a participation certificate authorizing it to do so. Disruption in network operation is avoided by reducing the ability of malicious nodes to consume resources to the detriment of legitimate session members.

摘要翻译： 为了对可靠的组播数据分发设置中的潜在成员进行身份验证和授权，预期成员联系中央机构获取组播会话的“参与证书”。 中央机构对每个节点进行身份验证，并向节点发出数字签名的证书。 除了相应的节点的公共密钥之外，每个证书包含指定相应节点被授权参与多播会话的方式的信息。 节点在会话建立对话期间将他们的参与证书交给对方，以证明其身份和授权参与。 每个节点根据从其他节点接收到的参与证书中包含的授权信息来验证其他节点的权限。 因此，只有当一个节点呈现授权它的参与证书才可以作为修复节点参与。 通过降低恶意节点消耗资源的能力来避免网络运行中断，从而损害合法的会话成员。

公开(公告)号：US06507562B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09336660

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

发明人： Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

IPC分类号： G06F1100

CPC分类号： H04L12/1877 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1868

摘要： Receiver stations located close together in a computer network dynamically form a multicast repair tree by a plurality of receiver stations choosing a repair head station from among the closely located receiver stations. A receiver station calculates its distance from a repair head station by subtracting the decremented TTL value read from the IP header from the initial value of the TTL parameter carried in field TTL SCOPE of HELLO messages, transmitted by repair head stations. Using a criteria that a closer repair head station is a more optimum repair head station, receiver stations listen to each received HELLO message, calculate the distance to the repair head station, and reaffiliate with the closest repair head station.

摘要翻译： 位于计算机网络中的接收站由多个接收站动态地形成多播修复树，所述多个接收站从位于接近站的接收站中选择修复头站。 接收站通过从修复头站发送的HELLO消息的字段TTL SCOPE中携带的TTL参数的初始值中减去从IP报头读取的递减的TTL值来计算其与修复站的距离。 使用更接近的修理头站是更为优化的修复头站的标准，接收站收听每个接收到的HELLO消息，计算到维修站的距离，并且与最接近的维修站相连。

公开(公告)号：US06526022B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09336670

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

发明人： Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

IPC分类号： G01R3108

CPC分类号： H04L12/1868 ,  H04L1/0002 ,  H04L1/1887 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L47/10 ,  H04L47/15 ,  H04L47/263 ,  H04L47/27 ,  H04L2001/0092

摘要： A method of detecting congestion in a computer network uses a receiving station which determines a first number of messages missing in a first acknowledgment window. The station then determines a second number of messages missing in a subsequent acknowledgement window. The station then measures congestion on the network in response to an increase in the number of missing messages as indicated by the first number of missing messages in the first acknowledgement window and the second number of missing messages in the second acknowledgement window.

摘要翻译： 一种在计算机网络中检测拥塞的方法使用确定在第一确认窗口中丢失的第一数量的消息的接收站。 然后，站确定后续确认窗口中丢失的第二个消息数。 该站然后响应于第一确认窗口中的第一数量的丢失消息和第二确认窗口中的第二数量的丢失消息所指示的丢失消息的数量的增加来测量网络上的拥塞。

公开(公告)号：US06505253B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-07

申请号：US09336659

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

发明人： Dah Ming Chiu ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph S. Wesley ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Radia J. Perlman

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： H04L47/263 ,  H04L1/1832 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1868 ,  H04L47/10 ,  H04L47/15 ,  H04L47/27 ,  H04L2001/0093

摘要： A multicast repair tree is established, the repair tree having one sender station and a plurality of repair head stations. A repair head station has an affiliated group of member stations. A repair head station retransmits a lost message to its affiliated group of member stations upon receipt from a member station of a NACK message indicating that the selected message was not received. Acknowledgment windows (ACK windows) are established in a member station for transmission of ACK or NACK message by the member station. A number of messages transmitted by the sender station during a transmission window is established. Also a same size of ACK window is established in the receiving stations, with a slot in the ACK window corresponding to each message transmitted by the repair head station. Each receiving station is assigned a slot in the ACK window during which time that receiving station transmits its ACK or NACK messages. Thus the ACK window slots assigned to receiver stations for transmission of ACK/NACK windows are staggered so that different receiver stations transmit their ACKNACK messages at different times. The slot for a particular receiver station to use may be assigned by a random process.

摘要翻译： 建立组播修复树，修复树具有一个发送站和多个修复头站。 修理站具有附属的成员站组。 修复头站在从成员站接收到表示所选择的消息未被接收的NACK消息的情况下向其附属成员组重发丢失的消息。 成员站建立确认窗口（ACK窗口），用于成员站发送ACK或NACK消息。 在发送窗口期间由发送站发送的多个消息被建立。 在接收站中建立相同大小的ACK窗口，ACK窗口中的时隙对应于由修复站发送的每个消息。 每个接收站在ACK窗口中被分配一个时隙，在该时间内接收站发送其ACK或NACK消息。 因此，分配给用于发送ACK / NACK窗口的接收机站的ACK窗口时隙交错，使得不同的接收机站在不同时间发送它们的ACKNACK消息。 用于要使用的特定接收机站的时隙可以通过随机过程来分配。

公开(公告)号：US06757843B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-29

申请号：US09698490

申请日：2000-10-26

申请人： Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Radia J. Perlman

发明人： Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Radia J. Perlman

IPC分类号： G06F1100

CPC分类号： H04L45/46 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1863 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/16

摘要： An embodiment consistent with the present invention includes a method and apparatus for forming a multicast repair tree. The methods perform by a data processor and comprises the steps of determining, for each of a plurality of potential heads in a multicast group, a ranking value associated with the potential head; advertising, by the potential heads to a plurality of potential receivers; prioritizing, by a potential receiver, the ranking values from the potential heads; and binding, by a potential receiver to the head having the highest ranking value, thereby forming a group of which the potential receiver,is a member and the potential head is the head. The ranking values may include “able”, “unable”, “willing”, and “reluctant.” The ranking value of a potential head determines in accordance with a static or a dynamic configuration. Ranking values determine dynamically based on ranges of system resource levels such as memory and available processor resources.

摘要翻译： 与本发明一致的实施例包括用于形成多播修复树的方法和装置。 所述方法由数据处理器执行并且包括以下步骤：针对多播组中的多个潜在头中的每一者，确定与所述潜在头相关联的排序值; 广告，潜在的头到多个潜在的接收者; 由潜在的接收者优先考虑来自潜在负责人的排名值; 并且由潜在的接收器绑定到具有最高排名的头部，由此形成潜在的接收者是一个成员并且潜在的头部是头部的一组。 排名值可能包括“能力”，“不能”，“愿意”和“不情愿”。 潜在头的排名值根据静态或动态配置来确定。 排名值基于诸如存储器和可用处理器资源的系统资源级别的范围动态地确定。

公开(公告)号：US06185698B2

公开(公告)日：2001-02-06

申请号：US09063498

申请日：1998-04-20

申请人： Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Radia J. Perlman

发明人： Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig ,  Dah Ming Chiu ,  Radia J. Perlman

IPC分类号： G06F1100

CPC分类号： H04L45/46 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1863 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/16

摘要： An embodiment consistent with the present invention includes a method and apparatus for forming a multicast repair tree. The method may be performed by a data processor and comprises the steps of determining, for each of a plurality of potential heads in a multicast group, a ranking value associated with the potential head; advertising, by the potential heads to a plurality of potential receivers; prioritizing, by a potential receiver, the ranking values from the potential heads; and binding, by a potential receiver to the head having the highest ranking value, thereby forming a group of which the potential receiver is a member and the potential head is the head. The head may also be the sender. There may be a plurality of heads. The ranking values may include “able”, “unable”, “willing”, and “reluctant.” The ranking value of a potential head may be determined in accordance with a static or a dynamic configuration. Ranking values may be determined dynamically based on ranges of system resource levels such as memory and available processor resources.

摘要翻译： 与本发明一致的实施例包括用于形成多播修复树的方法和装置。 该方法可以由数据处理器执行，并且包括以下步骤：针对多播组中的多个潜在头中的每一者，确定与潜在头相关联的排序值; 广告，潜在的头到多个潜在的接收者; 由潜在的接收者优先考虑来自潜在负责人的排名值; 并且通过潜在的接收器将具有最高排序值的头绑定，从而形成潜在的接收器是一个成员的组，并且潜在头是头部。 头也可能是发件人。 可以有多个头。 排名值可能包括“能力”，“不能”，“愿意”和“不情愿”。 可以根据静态或动态配置来确定潜在头的排名值。 可以基于诸如存储器和可用处理器资源的系统资源级别的范围来动态地确定排名值。

公开(公告)号：US6104695A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-15

申请号：US52201

申请日：1998-03-31

申请人： Joseph S. Wesley ,  Radia J. Perlman ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

发明人： Joseph S. Wesley ,  Radia J. Perlman ,  Stephen A. Hurst ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

IPC分类号： H04L12/18 ,  H04L12/701 ,  H04L12/761 ,  G01R31/08 ,  H04H1/00 ,  H04L12/66

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L12/1868 ,  H04L45/16

摘要： Determination of a Time To Live ("TTL") hop count for repair data units transmitted from a repair head to a standard destination device in a communications network is facilitated for multicast transmission. The repair head destination device monitors the path between the repair head destination device and the standard destination devices by exchanging messages with the respective standard destination devices. The repair head transmits control messages to each destination device including a dispatched TTL value and an Internet Protocol ("IP") TTL value. If the control message fails to reach one of the standard destination devices, that standard destination device transmits a transmission failure indication to the repair head destination device. In response to the transmission failure indication the TTL value employed for the control message is increased. Following receipt of the control message, the standard destination device calculates the TTL value required to transmit a data unit from the repair head to the standard destination device by subtracting the IP TTL value from the dispatched TTL value. If the calculated TTL difference value is non-zero then an excess-TTL indication is transmitted from the standard destination device to the repair head destination device.

摘要翻译： 确定通信网络中从维修头传送到标准目的地设备的修复数据单元的生存时间（“TTL”）跳数有利于组播传输。 修理头目的设备通过与相应的标准目的地设备交换消息来监视修复头目的地设备和标准目的地设备之间的路径。 修复头向每个目的地设备发送控制消息，包括调度的TTL值和互联网协议（“IP”）TTL值。 如果控制消息未能到达标准目的地设备之一，则该标准目的地设备向修复头目的设备发送传输失败指示。 响应于传输失败指示，增加了用于控制消息的TTL值。 在接收到控制消息之后，标准目的地设备通过从调度的TTL值减去IP TTL值来计算从修复头向标准目的地设备发送数据单元所需的TTL值。 如果计算的TTL差值为非零，则从标准目的地设备向维修头目的地设备发送过量TTL指示。

公开(公告)号：US06427166B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-30

申请号：US09668432

申请日：2000-09-22

申请人： Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

发明人： Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： H04L1/1867 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1863 ,  H04L2001/0093 ,  H04L2001/0097

摘要： An embodiment consistent with the present invention includes a method and apparatus for distributing multicast data. The method may be performed by a data processor and comprises the steps of forming a multicast repair tree including a sender, a plurality of heads, and a plurality of receivers, wherein at least one head is associated with the sender and at least one receiver is associated with the head; sending, by a sender to the plurality of heads and the plurality of receivers, a plurality of multicast messages at a data rate; receiving, by the sender from one of the plurality of heads, a congestion status associated with a receiver of the head; and slowing the data rate, by the sender, in accordance with the congestion status.

摘要翻译： 与本发明一致的实施例包括用于分发多播数据的方法和装置。 该方法可以由数据处理器执行，并且包括以下步骤：形成包括发送器，多个头部和多个接收器的多播修复树，其中至少一个头部与发送器相关联，并且至少一个接收器是 与头相关; 发送方向所述多个头部和所述多个接收机发送数据速率的多个多播消息; 所述发送者从所述多个头中的一个接收与所述头部的接收器相关联的拥塞状态; 并根据拥塞状态，由发送方减慢数据速率。

公开(公告)号：US6151633A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US63637

申请日：1998-04-20

申请人： Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

发明人： Stephen A. Hurst ,  Joseph Wesley ,  Stephen R. Hanna ,  Miriam C. Kadansky ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

IPC分类号： H04L12/18 ,  G06F13/00

CPC分类号： H04L1/1867 ,  H04L12/185 ,  H04L12/1863 ,  H04L2001/0093 ,  H04L2001/0097

摘要： An embodiment consistent with the present invention includes a method and apparatus for distributing multicast data. The method may be performed by a data processor and comprises the steps of forming a multicast repair tree including a sender, a plurality of heads, and a plurality of receivers, wherein at least one head is associated with the sender and at least one receiver is associated with the head; sending, by a sender to the plurality of heads and the plurality of receivers, a plurality of multicast messages at a data rate; receiving, by the sender from one of the plurality of heads, a congestion status associated with a receiver of the head; and slowing the data rate, by the sender, in accordance with the congestion status.

公开(公告)号：US5778384A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-07

申请号：US577822

申请日：1995-12-22

申请人： Joseph E. Provino ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

发明人： Joseph E. Provino ,  Philip M. Rosenzweig

IPC分类号： G06F12/00 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30233

摘要： A virtual file system accessing subsystem is disclosed for use in connection with a computer system connected in a computer network. The computer system runs a selected operating system, such as Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows operating systems. The virtual file system accessing subsystem facilitates the accessing of a virtual logical storage device that is identified by a virtual logical storage device identifier and that has a virtual logical storage device file system that includes at least a portion of a remote file system maintained by another device connected in the computer network. The virtual file system accessing subsystem comprises an operating system request redirector for enabling the operating system to direct access requests from an application program which identify the virtual logical storage device to a remote access element for processing. The remote access element initiates access operations in connection with the portion of the remote file system which is included in the virtual logical storage device file system in response to an access request that is generated by an application program which identifies the virtual logical storage device identifier, which access request has been transferred thereto said remote access element by the operating system. If the portion of the remote file system being accessed has not previously been mounted, the remote access element enables an automounting element to initiate a mounting operation in connection with the remote file system to mount the portion, after which the remote access element can perform the access operation.

摘要翻译： 公开了虚拟文件系统访问子系统，用于与计算机网络中连接的计算机系统连接。 计算机系统运行选定的操作系统，如Microsoft的MS-DOS和Windows操作系统。 虚拟文件系统访问子系统有助于访问由虚拟逻辑存储设备标识符识别的虚拟逻辑存储设备，并且具有虚拟逻辑存储设备文件系统，该虚拟逻辑存储设备文件系统包括由另一设备维护的远程文件系统的至少一部分 连接在计算机网络中。 虚拟文件系统访问子系统包括操作系统请求转发器，用于使操作系统能够将识别虚拟逻辑存储设备的应用程序的访问请求定向到用于处理的远程访问元件。 响应于由识别虚拟逻辑存储设备标识符的应用程序生成的访问请求，远程访问元件发起与虚拟逻辑存储设备文件系统中包括的远程文件系统的部分相关的访问操作， 哪个访问请求已被操作系统传送到所述远程访问元件。 如果所访问的远程文件系统的部分以前未被安装，则远程访问元件使得自动安装元件能够启动与远程文件系统相关联的安装操作以安装该部分，之后远程访问元件可以执行 访问操作。