摘要:
The invention relates to a method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising: (a) providing a composition to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation, wherein the composition comprises an anionic surfactant based on an alkoxylated primary alcohol having a branched aliphatic group, which group has an average carbon number of from 9 to 15 and an average number of branches of from 0.5 to 2.5, and having an average of at least 0.5 mole of alkylene oxide groups per mole of primary alcohol; and (b) allowing the composition to interact with hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation. Further, the invention relates to the hydrocarbon recovery composition that is used in said method.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising: (a) providing a composition to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation, wherein the composition comprises an anionic surfactant based on an alkoxylated primary alcohol having a branched aliphatic group, which group has an average carbon number of from 9 to 15 and an average number of branches of from 0.5 to 2.5, and having an average of at least 0.5 mole of alkylene oxide groups per mole of primary alcohol; and (b) allowing the composition to interact with hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation. Further, the invention relates to the hydrocarbon recovery composition that is used in said method.
摘要:
A hydroformylation process is provided that involves reacting a compound having at least one olefinic carbon-to-carbon bond with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a sulfur-containing additive which suppresses the formation of cobalt carbide in the reaction mixture.
摘要:
A method of treating a formation containing crude oil with specific solubility groups and chemical families is described. The method includes (a) providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to at least a portion of a formation containing crude oil with specific solubility groups and chemical families, wherein the composition comprises a C24-28 internal olefin sulfonate; and (b) allowing the composition to interact with hydrocarbons in the crude oil containing formation.
摘要:
A method of treating a formation containing crude oil with specific solubility groups and chemical families is described. The method includes (a) providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to at least a portion of a formation containing crude oil with specific solubility groups and chemical families, wherein the composition comprises a C24-28 internal olefin sulfonate; and (b) allowing the composition to interact with hydrocarbons in the crude oil containing formation.
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydrocarbon recovery composition comprising an anionic surfactant, wherein said composition is in the solid state, and to a shaped article comprising said composition. Preferably, said composition is in the form of a powder. Further, the invention relates to a process for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation comprising the steps of a) transporting said composition or shaped article to the location of the hydrocarbon containing formation; b) dissolving said composition or shaped article in water thereby forming an aqueous fluid containing the hydrocarbon recovery composition; c) providing the aqueous fluid containing the hydrocarbon recovery composition to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation; and d) allowing the hydrocarbon recovery composition to interact with the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation.
摘要:
Methods and systems of separating a hydrocarbon phase from a mixture comprising an emulsion of water and hydrocarbons in the presence of a surfactant, comprising adjusting the salinity of the mixture to release hydrocarbons and water from the emulsion into a hydrocarbon phase and a salt-containing aqueous phase respectively; and separating at least a part of the hydrocarbon phase from the salt-containing aqueous phase wherein at least a part of the salt-containing aqueous phase is recovered for further use.
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydroformylation process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting one or more ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) in a reaction zone with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas in the presence of a solvent and a homogeneous catalyst based on a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal, and a non-ionically charged phosphorus ligand to form a crude hydroformylation product; (b) allowing a major portion of the solvent, wherein a major portion of the catalyst is dissolved, to separate and be withdrawn from the crude hydroformylation product in a phase separation zone; (c) removing from the separated hydroformylation product emerging from step (b) substantially all remaining catalyst dissolved therein with a non-aqueous extractant in an extraction zone.
摘要:
A process for the hydroformylation of a feed comprising compounds having a single ethylenically unsaturated group by reaction thereof in the liquid phase with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a source of palladium cations;b) a source of anions;c) a source of at least one bidentate ligands of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)characterized in that the ethylenically unsaturated feed comprises one or more dienes and/or further multiply unsaturated alkenes to an amount of 0.005-5 wt % based on the total amount of ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the feed, and in that component b) of the catalyst system is a source of anions of an acid having a pKa value, measured in aqueous solution at 18.degree. C., of between -1 and 4.
摘要翻译:在包含a)钯阳离子源的催化剂体系的存在下,通过其在液相中与一氧化碳和氢气反应的含有具有单个烯属不饱和基团的化合物的进料加氢甲酰化的方法, b)阴离子的来源; c)至少一种式R 1 R 2 M 1 R M 2 R 3 R 4(I)的二齿配体的来源,其特征在于所述烯属不饱和进料包含一种或多种二烯和/或多种不饱和烯烃,其量相对于总量为0.005-5重量% 的烯属不饱和化合物,并且催化剂体系的组分b)是在18℃的水溶液中在-1和4之间测量的具有pKa值的酸的阴离子源。