公开(公告)号：US5185859A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-09

申请号：US745642

申请日：1991-08-15

申请人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael Asal ,  Richard Simpson ,  Thomas Preston ,  John Sharkey

发明人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael Asal ,  Richard Simpson ,  Thomas Preston ,  John Sharkey

IPC分类号： G06F9/308 ,  G06F9/312 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06T1/20

CPC分类号： G06F9/30018 ,  G06F9/3004 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06T1/20

摘要： A graphics processor device performs bit-by-bit masking outside of the central processing unit, by way of a read-modify-write cycle to external or internal memory. A mask bus is incorporated into the device so that, for each bit of the external data word, a mask bit is present which indicates whether data from the central processing unit (CPU) is to be written to memory (unmasked) or if that bit of memory contents is to remain unaltered (masked). The CPU data is written into a latch at the memory interface during such time as the latch is isolated from the external memory bus and during the read portion of the read-modify-write cycle. For those bits which are to be masked, the latch is overwritten with the data read from memory, while for the unmasked bits the latch remains isolated from the external memory bus. During the write portion of the read-modify-write cycle, the contents of the latch are driven onto the external memory bus. The bit-by-bit masking may also be done for data in internal memory, by multiplexing the CPU data and the internal memory data onto the CPU data bus.

摘要翻译： 图形处理器设备通过对外部或内部存储器的读取 - 修改 - 写入周期来执行中央处理单元外的逐位屏蔽。 屏蔽总线被并入设备中，使得对于外部数据字的每个位，存在一个掩码位，指示来自中央处理单元（CPU）的数据是否被写入存储器（未屏蔽），或者如果该位 的内存内容将保持不变（屏蔽）。 在锁存器与外部存储器总线隔离并且在读取 - 修改 - 写入周期的读取部分期间，CPU数据被写入存储器接口中的锁存器。 对于要被屏蔽的位，锁存器被从存储器读取的数据覆盖，而对于未屏蔽的位，锁存器与外部存储器总线隔离。 在读 - 修改 - 写周期的写入部分期间，锁存器的内容被驱动到外部存储器总线上。 通过将CPU数据和内部存储器数据复用到CPU数据总线上，也可以对内部存储器中的数据进行逐位屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US5056041A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-08

申请号：US387404

申请日：1989-07-31

申请人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael Asal ,  Richard Simpson ,  Thomas Preston ,  John Sharkey

发明人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael Asal ,  Richard Simpson ,  Thomas Preston ,  John Sharkey

IPC分类号： G06F9/308 ,  G06F9/312 ,  G06T1/20

CPC分类号： G06F9/30018 ,  G06F9/3004 ,  G06F9/30087 ,  G06T1/20

摘要： A graphics processor device is disclosed which performs bit-by-bit masking outside of the central processing unit, by way of a read-modify-write cycle to external or internal memory. A mask bus is incorporated into the device so that, for each bit of the external data word, a mask bit is present which indicates whether data from the central processing unit (CPU) is to be written to memory (unmasked) or if that bit of memory contents is to remain unaltered (masked). The CPU data is written into a latch at the memory interface during such time as the latch is isolated from the external memory bus and during the read portion of the read-modify-write cycle. For those bits which are to be masked, the latch is overwritten with the data read from memory, while for the unmasked bits the latch remains isolated from the external memory bus. During the write portion of the read-modify-write cycle, the contents of the latch are driven onto the external memory bus. The bit-by-bit masking may also be done for data in internal memory, by multiplexing the CPU data and the internal memory data onto the CPU data bus.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种图形处理器装置，其通过对外部或内部存储器的读 - 修改 - 写周期执行中央处理单元外的逐位屏蔽。 屏蔽总线被并入设备中，使得对于外部数据字的每个位，存在一个掩码位，指示来自中央处理单元（CPU）的数据是否被写入存储器（未屏蔽），或者如果该位 的内存内容将保持不变（屏蔽）。 在锁存器与外部存储器总线隔离并且在读取 - 修改 - 写入周期的读取部分期间，CPU数据被写入存储器接口中的锁存器。 对于要被屏蔽的位，锁存器被从存储器读取的数据覆盖，而对于未屏蔽的位，锁存器与外部存储器总线隔离。 在读 - 修改 - 写周期的写入部分期间，锁存器的内容被驱动到外部存储器总线上。 通过将CPU数据和内部存储器数据复用到CPU数据总线上，也可以对内部存储器中的数据进行逐位屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US5095301A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US506506

申请日：1990-04-06

申请人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Mark F. Novak ,  Thomas Preston

发明人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Mark F. Novak ,  Thomas Preston

IPC分类号： G09G5/02

CPC分类号： G09G5/02

摘要： A monochrome image becomes expanded into a color image for storage in a bit mapped color display memory. The color expand operation substitutes color data of one of two designated colors for the "1" or "0" monochrome data of a stored monochrome image. The first color code is substituted for all pixels of the monochrome image represented by a "1" and the second color code is substituted for all pixels of the monochrome image represented by a "0". This color expanded image is then stored in the color display memory which controls the color picture shown to the user. This technique permits storage of commonly used images such as alphanumeric characters of various fonts or icons in a compressed form with one bit per pixel. These images are formed in color using the color expand operation at the time of drawing into the color display memory. Otherwise these images would need to be stored in multiple bit per pixel color form for all desired colors requiring considerable memory for redundant data. This color expanded image may then be combined with the color image stored in a selected part of the display memory and the combined image stored in that selected part of the display memory. Thus monochrome images may be expanded into color images and then combined with color images already in the display in a single operation.

摘要翻译： 单色图像变成彩色图像以存储在位映射颜色显示存储器中。 颜色展开操作将存储的单色图像的“1”或“0”单色数据的两种指定颜色之一的颜色数据代替。 第一颜色代码代替由“1”表示的单色图像的所有像素，并且第二颜色代码代替由“0”表示的单色图像的所有像素。 然后将该彩色扩展图像存储在控制向用户显示的彩色图像的彩色显示存储器中。 这种技术允许以每个像素一位的压缩形式存储常用图像，例如各种字体或图标的字母数字字符。 这些图像在绘制到彩色显示存储器时使用颜色展开操作形成为彩色。 否则，这些图像将需要以多个位的每像素颜色形式存储，以便所有需要大量存储器的冗余数据。 然后，该彩色扩展图像可以与存储在显示存储器的选定部分中的彩色图像和存储在显示存储器的该选定部分中的组合图像组合。 因此，单色图像可以扩展成彩色图像，然后在单一操作中与已经在显示器中的彩色图像组合。

公开(公告)号：USRE34881E

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US541879

申请日：1990-06-21

申请人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Thomas Preston

发明人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Thomas Preston

IPC分类号： G09G5/393 ,  G06F15/20

CPC分类号： G09G5/393 ,  G09G2340/10

摘要： A graphics data processing apparatus having graphic image operations on two images. Two graphic images are formed into a single combined image based upon a predetermined combination of the multibit color codes representing corresponding pixels of the two images. A transparent color code is permitted for the first of the graphic images. The combination of a transparent color code from the first graphic image with any color code from the second graphic image yields the color code of the second graphic image. This innovation enables the use of color codes having selectable numbers of bits set by the number stored in a pixel size register. In particular the transparent color code, which is detected by a transparent color code detection device independent of the image operation, has a selectable number of bits set by the pixel size register in a manner like any other color code. This enables the same graphics data processing apparatus to be applicable to a wide variety of applications having images using differing lengths of color codes while preserving the transparency function.

摘要翻译： 一种图形数据处理装置，具有对两个图像的图形图像操作。 基于表示两个图像的相应像素的多位颜色代码的预定组合，将两个图形图像形成为单个组合图像。 第一张图形图像允许使用透明色码。 来自第一图形图像的透明颜色代码与来自第二图形图像的任何颜色代码的组合产生第二图形图像的颜色代码。 该创新使得能够使用具有由存储在像素大小寄存器中的数量设置的可选择位数的颜色代码。 特别地，与透明颜色代码检测装置独立于图像操作检测到的透明色码具有像任何其他颜色代码一样的像素尺寸寄存器设置的可选位数。 这使得相同的图形数据处理装置可以应用于具有使用不同长度的颜色代码的图像的各种应用，同时保持透明度功能。

公开(公告)号：US5294918A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-15

申请号：US748115

申请日：1991-08-21

申请人： Thomas Preston ,  Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Mark F. Novak

发明人： Thomas Preston ,  Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Mark F. Novak

IPC分类号： G09G5/02 ,  G09G1/28 ,  G09G5/04

CPC分类号： G09G5/02

摘要： The present invention presents a process of moving an array of pixel data representing an image to be displayed from a source memory space to a destination memory space. The array of pixel data is arranged in words containing a plurality of individual pixel datum. The process includes transforming each pixel datum in the word fetched from the source memory space to a colorized pixel datum by individually attaching color information to each pixel datum. The transforming occurs substantially in parallel on all of the pixel data in each word. This technique permits storage of commonly used images such as alphanumeric characters of various fonts or icons in a compressed form with one bit per pixel. These images are formed in color using the color expand operation at the time of drawing into the color display memory. Otherwise these images would need to be stored in multiple bit per pixel color form for all desired colors requiring considerable memory for redundant data. This color expanded image may then be combined with the color image stored in a selected part of the display memory and the combined image stored in that selected part of the display memory. Thus monochrome images may be expanded into color images and then combined with color images already in the display in a single operation.

摘要翻译： 本发明提出了将表示要从源存储器空间显示的图像的像素数据的阵列移动到目的地存储空间的处理。 像素数据阵列以包含多个单独像素数据的单词排列。 该过程包括通过将颜色信息单独地附加到每个像素数据来将从源存储器空间获取的单词中的每个像素数据变换为彩色像素数据。 变换基本上平行地发生在每个单词中的所有像素数据上。 这种技术允许以每个像素一位的压缩形式存储常用图像，例如各种字体或图标的字母数字字符。 这些图像在绘制到彩色显示存储器时使用颜色展开操作形成为彩色。 否则，这些图像将需要以多个位的每像素颜色形式存储，以便所有需要大量存储器的冗余数据。 然后，该彩色扩展图像可以与存储在显示存储器的选定部分中的彩色图像和存储在显示存储器的该选定部分中的组合图像组合。 因此，单色图像可以扩展成彩色图像，然后在单一操作中与已经在显示器中的彩色图像组合。

公开(公告)号：US4752893A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-21

申请号：US795382

申请日：1985-11-06

申请人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Thomas Preston

发明人： Karl M. Guttag ,  Michael D. Asal ,  Thomas Preston

IPC分类号： G09G5/393 ,  G06F3/153 ,  G06F15/20

CPC分类号： G09G5/393 ,  G09G2340/10

摘要： A graphics data processing apparatus having graphic image operations on two images. Two graphic images are formed into a single combined image based upon a predetermined combination of the multibit color codes representing corresponding pixels of the two images. A transparent color code is permitted for the first of the graphic images. The combination of a transparent color code from the first graphic image with any color code from the second graphic image yields the color code of the second graphic image. This innovation enables the use of color codes having selectable numbers of bits set by the number stored in a pixel size register. In particular the transparent color code, which is detected by a transparent color code detection device independent of the image operation, has a selectable number of bits set by the pixel size register in a manner like any other color code. This enables the same graphics data processing apparatus to be applicable to a wide variety of applications having images using differing lengths of color codes while preserving the transparency function.

摘要翻译： 一种图形数据处理装置，具有对两个图像的图形图像操作。 基于表示两个图像的相应像素的多位颜色代码的预定组合，将两个图形图像形成为单个组合图像。 第一张图形图像允许使用透明色码。 来自第一图形图像的透明颜色代码与来自第二图形图像的任何颜色代码的组合产生第二图形图像的颜色代码。 该创新使得能够使用具有由存储在像素大小寄存器中的数量设置的可选择位数的颜色代码。 特别地，与透明颜色代码检测装置独立于图像操作检测到的透明色码具有像任何其他颜色代码一样的像素尺寸寄存器设置的可选位数。 这使得相同的图形数据处理装置可以应用于具有使用不同长度的颜色代码的图像的各种应用，同时保持透明度功能。

公开(公告)号：US4532587A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-30

申请号：US296283

申请日：1981-08-26

申请人： Derek Roskell ,  John V. Schabowski ,  Karl M. Guttag ,  Kevin C. McDonough ,  Brian Shore ,  Thomas Preston

发明人： Derek Roskell ,  John V. Schabowski ,  Karl M. Guttag ,  Kevin C. McDonough ,  Brian Shore ,  Thomas Preston

IPC分类号： G06F15/78 ,  G06F13/00

CPC分类号： G06F15/7864

摘要： A digital processing system includes an external memory for the storage of program instructions for use with a separate processor that internally contains a memory for temporary storage, an arithmetic and logic means, a register set, control and timing circuitry, and two sets of data paths. The first set of data paths provide access to the external memory for transfer of instructions from the external memory to the processing unit. The second set of data paths provide for the internal routing of instructions data and addresses within the processor unit itself. The data structure for the first set of data paths is different than that for the second set of data paths, providing for an external data structure that is different than the internal data structure of the processor.

摘要翻译： 数字处理系统包括用于存储用于内部包含用于临时存储的存储器的单独处理器的程序指令的外部存储器，算术和逻辑装置，寄存器组，控制和定时电路以及两组数据路径 。 第一组数据路径提供对外部存储器的访问，用于将指令从外部存储器传送到处理单元。 第二组数据路径提供处理器单元本身内的指令数据和地址的内部路由。 用于第一组数据路径的数据结构与第二组数据路径的数据结构不同，提供与处理器的内部数据结构不同的外部数据结构。

公开(公告)号：USD428344S

公开(公告)日：2000-07-18

申请号：US108209

申请日：1999-07-22

申请人： Thomas Preston

设计人： Thomas Preston

公开(公告)号：US20090170213A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US12227649

申请日：2007-05-23

申请人： Nathan Jones ,  Silvia Mittler ,  Mohammad Nuruzzaman ,  Thomas Preston

发明人： Nathan Jones ,  Silvia Mittler ,  Mohammad Nuruzzaman ,  Thomas Preston

IPC分类号： G01N21/78

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 ,  B01J2219/00576 ,  B01J2219/00599 ,  B01J2219/0072 ,  C40B30/04 ,  G01N33/542

摘要： The present invention provides a method for high-throughput screening of enantiomeric excess (ee), comprising synthesizing a sensor made from an aggregate of gold nanoparticles whose surfaces have been elaborated with a chiral “host” that includes two optically pure binaphthol groups linked together by a diethanolamine bridge that is tethered via nitrogen to its associated gold nanoparticle, and in which aggregate the individual particles are held together by a bridging chiral “di-guest,” which contains an amino acid functionality at both ends and which interacts with the surface-bound hosts through hydrogen bonds. To screen, one adds a chiral analyte, which may be the product of an asymmetric catalytic reaction, or some other chiral species, in the form of a scalemic solution to a solution containing the aforemeritioned aggregate wherein one enantiomer of the analyte competes effectively with the “di-guest” for the “host,” while the other does not, and wherein a diastereoselective dispersion of the aggregate occurs, which brings about a large shift in the naked-eye-visible plasmon resonance absorption band of the gold nanoparticles, from a long wavelength for the aggregated nanoparticles to a shorter wavelength for the dispersed particles, and wherein the extent of the colour change is indicative of the degree to which the aggregate is dispersed and provides a rapid and effective measure of the ee of the chiral analyte.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于高通量筛选对映异构体过量（ee）的方法，其包括合成由金纳米颗粒的聚集体制成的传感器，所述金纳米颗粒的表面已经被手性“主体”精炼，所述手性“主体”包括两个光学纯的联萘酚基团， 通过氮连接到其相关联的金纳米颗粒上的二乙醇胺桥，其中单个颗粒通过桥接手性“二客体”保持在一起，其在两端含有氨基酸官能团并且与表面活性剂相互作用， 通过氢键绑定主机。 为了筛选，添加手性分析物，其可以是不对称催化反应的产物或一些其它手性物质，其形式为含有前述聚集体的溶液的形式，其中分析物的一个对映异构体与 “主体”的“二客体”，而另一个不是，并且其中发生聚集体的非对映选择性分散体，其导致金纳米颗粒的裸眼可见等离子体共振吸收带的大的偏移，从 将聚集的纳米颗粒的长波长用于分散颗粒的较短波长，并且其中颜色变化的程度指示聚集体分散的程度，并提供手性分析物的ee的快速和有效的测量。