公开(公告)号：US20100048930A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12522668

申请日：2008-01-10

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Luc Van Ginneken ,  Jo Sijben

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Luc Van Ginneken ,  Jo Sijben

IPC分类号： C11B3/02

CPC分类号： C11C3/003 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C69/24 ,  C07C69/52

摘要： A method produces fatty acid esters by transesterification of fats and oils with the aid of an alcohol, at a high pressure and temperature. Unreacted alcohol is separated inline from the reaction mixture and continuously recycled into the transesterification process. The separation is performed by obtaining a vapour phase and higher density phases of the reaction mixture and concentrating the alcohol in the vapour phase.

摘要翻译： 一种方法是通过脂肪和油在醇的帮助下，在高压和高温下酯交换生产脂肪酸酯。 未反应的醇与反应混合物在线分离并连续循环进入酯交换过程。 通过获得反应混合物的气相和较高密度相并将醇浓缩在气相中进行分离。

公开(公告)号：US08076498B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-13

申请号：US12522668

申请日：2008-01-10

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Luc Van Ginneken ,  Jo Sijben

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Luc Van Ginneken ,  Jo Sijben

IPC分类号： C07C51/00

CPC分类号： C11C3/003 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C69/24 ,  C07C69/52

摘要： A method produces fatty acid esters by transesterification of fats and oils with the aid of an alcohol, at a high pressure and temperature. Unreacted alcohol is separated inline from the reaction mixture and continuously recycled into the transesterification process. The separation is performed by obtaining a vapour phase and higher density phases of the reaction mixture and concentrating the alcohol in the vapour phase.

摘要翻译： 一种方法是通过脂肪和油在醇的帮助下，在高压和高温下酯交换生产脂肪酸酯。 未反应的醇与反应混合物在线分离并连续循环进入酯交换过程。 通过获得反应混合物的气相和较高密度相并将醇浓缩在气相中进行分离。

公开(公告)号：US20100010247A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-14

申请号：US12374644

申请日：2007-07-20

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Walter Adriansens ,  Louis Willems ,  Luc Van Ginneken

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Walter Adriansens ,  Louis Willems ,  Luc Van Ginneken

IPC分类号： C11B3/02

CPC分类号： C10L1/026 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10G2300/4006 ,  C10G2300/4012 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A method produces a fatty acid alkylester by transesterification of a fat or oil and an alcohol. The reaction is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst immobilised in a tubular reactor at a temperature between 260 and 420° C. and at a pressure higher than 5 bar. A mixture of the fat or oil and the alcohol is led in a continuous flow through the tubular reactor. The catalyst is preferably a metal oxide or a metal carbonate including an alkaline earth metal. The reaction takes place at reduced residence times and contact times compared to the prior art.

摘要翻译： 一种方法是通过脂肪或油和醇的酯交换产生脂肪酸烷基酯。 该反应由固体在管式反应器中的多相催化剂在260-420℃的温度和高于5巴的压力下催化。 将脂肪或油和醇的混合物连续流过管状反应器。 催化剂优选为包含碱土金属的金属氧化物或金属碳酸盐。 反应发生在与现有技术相比减少的停留时间和接触时间。

公开(公告)号：US08067624B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-29

申请号：US12374644

申请日：2007-07-20

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Walter Adriansens ,  Louis Willems ,  Luc Van Ginneken

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Walter Adriansens ,  Louis Willems ,  Luc Van Ginneken

IPC分类号： C11B3/00

CPC分类号： C10L1/026 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10G2300/4006 ,  C10G2300/4012 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A method produces a fatty acid alkylester by transesterification of a fat or oil and an alcohol. The reaction is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst immobilized in a tubular reactor at a temperature between 260 and 420° C. and at a pressure higher than 5 bar. A mixture of the fat or oil and the alcohol is led in a continuous flow through the tubular reactor. The catalyst is preferably a metal oxide or a metal carbonate including an alkaline earth metal. The reaction takes place at reduced residence times and contact times compared to the prior art.

摘要翻译： 一种方法是通过脂肪或油和醇的酯交换产生脂肪酸烷基酯。 该反应由固体在管式反应器中的多相催化剂在260-420℃的温度和高于5巴的压力下催化。 将脂肪或油和醇的混合物连续流过管状反应器。 催化剂优选为包含碱土金属的金属氧化物或金属碳酸盐。 反应发生在与现有技术相比减少的停留时间和接触时间。

公开(公告)号：US06558892B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-06

申请号：US09902950

申请日：2001-07-11

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Ilse Mans

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Ilse Mans

IPC分类号： G03C1005

CPC分类号： G03C1/0051 ,  G03C1/047 ,  G03C1/46 ,  G03C5/16 ,  G03C2001/0055 ,  G03C2001/0156 ,  G03C2001/03511 ,  G03C2001/0357 ,  G03C2005/168 ,  G03C2200/03 ,  G03C2200/27 ,  G03C2200/44 ,  G03C2200/60 ,  Y10S430/167 ,  Y10S430/168

摘要： A method has been described for preparing an ultrathin tabular grain emulsion rich in silver bromide, having {111} major faces, wherein tabular grains having a thickness of less than 0.08 &mgr;m exhibit an average aspect ratio of more than 5:1 and account for at least 75% by number of hexagonal grains and a coefficient of variation on average equivalent surface area of less than 0.50. The process is characterized in that during formation, (a) pH is maintained from 0.8 to 10; (b) a gelatino-peptizer is present in a concentration of 0 to 50 g per liter of dispersing medium, and (c) pBr having a value of at least 1.8 is maintained during grain nucleation and pBr is maintained at less than 2.4 during growth provided that a gelatin peptizer which is free from calcium ions and has a methionine content of less than 30 micromoles per gram of gelatino-peptizer is present.

摘要翻译： 已经描述了一种制备富含溴化银的超薄片状颗粒乳液的方法，其具有{111}主面，其中厚度小于0.08μm的片状颗粒具有大于5:1的平均纵横比，并且占 至少75％的六角形晶粒和平均等效表面积的变异系数小于0.50。 该方法的特征在于，在形成期间，（a）pH值保持在0.8至10; （b）明胶胶溶剂以每升分散介质0至50克的浓度存在，并且（c）在晶粒成核期间保持值至少为1.8的pBr，并且生长期间pBr保持在小于2.4 条件是存在明胶胶溶剂，其不含钙离子并且具有小于30微摩尔/克明胶胶溶剂的甲硫氨酸含量。

公开(公告)号：US06686142B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-03

申请号：US10090243

申请日：2002-03-04

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Paul Callant

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Paul Callant

IPC分类号： G03C1005

CPC分类号： G03C1/035 ,  G03C1/18 ,  G03C1/29 ,  G03C5/17 ,  G03C2001/03511 ,  G03C2001/03541 ,  G03C2001/0357 ,  G03C2001/03594 ,  G03C2200/01 ,  Y10S430/167

摘要： A chemically and spectrally-sensitized emulsion has been described, wherein said emulsion comprising (100) cubic silver halide grains with an average edge length of from 0.2 up to 1.5 &mgr;m, has been spectrally sensitized by addition at least three trimethine dyes: a main spectral sensitizer added in an amount of at least 85 mole % of all spectral sensitizers added, followed by adding a second spectral sensitizer in an amount of not more than 10 mole % and a third spectral sensitizer in an amount of at most 1 mole % wherein at least said main spectral sensitizer has two benzoxazole rings in its chemical structure, at least said third spectral sensitizer has two benzimidazole rings in its chemical structure and wherein the said second spectral sensitizer has a structure more sterically hindered than the structure of the other spectral sensitizers. A light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material coated with such emulsion and a radiographic screen/film combination has been described.

摘要翻译： 已经描述了化学和光谱增感的乳液，其中包括平均边缘长度为0.2至1.5μm的（100）立方体卤化银颗粒的所述乳液已经通过加入至少三种三甲基染料进行光谱增感：主光谱 加入所加入的所有光谱增感剂的至少85摩尔％的敏化剂，然后加入量不超过10摩尔％的第二光谱增感剂和至多1摩尔％的第三光谱增感剂，其中在 至少所述主光谱敏化剂在其化学结构中具有两个苯并恶唑环，至少所述第三光谱敏化剂在其化学结构中具有两个苯并咪唑环，并且其中所述第二光谱增感剂具有比其它光谱增感剂的结构更空间位阻的结构。 已经描述了涂覆有这种乳液的感光卤化银照相胶片材料和射线照相屏/膜组合。

公开(公告)号：US06403276B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US09544911

申请日：2000-04-07

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Paul Callant ,  Ann Verbeeck

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Paul Callant ,  Ann Verbeeck

IPC分类号： G03C516

CPC分类号： G03C5/17 ,  G03C1/0051 ,  G03C1/09 ,  G03C1/102 ,  G03C1/122 ,  G03C1/29 ,  G03C2001/0055 ,  G03C2001/03511 ,  G03C2001/091 ,  G03C2001/096 ,  G03C2001/097 ,  G03C2200/03 ,  Y10S430/167

摘要： A film material has been provided with emulsions comprising {111} tabular silver halide grains rich in silver bromide, spectrally sensitive to irradiation in the wavelength range shorter than 420 nm by the presence of at least one blue spectral sensitizer and of at least one azacyanine dye, the formula of which has been given in the description and in the claims. A radiographic screen/film combination or system has also been provided comprising a duplitized film sandwiched between a pair of supporting or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screens, characterized in that i) said pair of supported or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screens essentially consists of luminescent phosphor particles emitting at least 50% and more preferably at least 80% of their emitted radiation in the wavelength range shorter than 420 nm, ii) said film corresponds with the film material disclosed hereinbefore.

摘要翻译： 已经提供了一种薄膜材料，其具有含有富含溴化银的{111}片状卤化银颗粒的乳液，其通过存在至少一种蓝光谱增感剂和至少一种氮杂菁染料而在小于420nm的波长范围内对辐射进行光谱敏感 其描述和权利要求中给出了其公式。还提供了一种包括夹在一对支撑或自支撑X射线增强屏幕之间的双面胶片的射线照相/膜组合或系统，其特征在于 所述一对支撑的或自支撑的X射线增强屏基本上由在比420nm的波长范围内发射其发射的辐射的至少50％，更优选至少80％的发光荧光体颗粒组成，ii）所述膜 对应于上文所公开的薄膜材料。

公开(公告)号：US5910402A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-08

申请号：US84218

申请日：1998-05-26

申请人： Rene De Keyzer ,  Johan Loccufier ,  Kathy Elst

发明人： Rene De Keyzer ,  Johan Loccufier ,  Kathy Elst

IPC分类号： G03C1/09 ,  G03C1/34

CPC分类号： G03C1/09

摘要： A photosensitive element which comprises a support, at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least a non-light sensitive hydrophilic colloidal layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer comprises a selenium compound represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein: Q represents R.sup.1 SO.sub.2 or R.sup.2 R.sup.3 P=X;each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 the same or different represents OR.sup.4, NR.sup.5 R.sup.6, SR.sup.7, SeR.sup.8 an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group;X represents O, S or Se;each of R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 the same or different represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together represents the atoms necessary to form a N-containing ring.The invention also provides a method for the preparation of a photosensitive element as disclosed hereinbefore comprising the step of chemically sensitizing at least one of the silver halide emulsions by means of a selenium compound as defined.

摘要翻译： 一种感光元件，其包括载体，至少一种卤化银乳剂层和至少一种非光敏亲水性胶体层，其中所述卤化银乳剂层包含由式（1）表示的硒化合物：其中：Q表示R 1 SO 2或 R2R3P = X; R 1，R 2和R 3各自相同或不同，表示OR 4，NR 5 R 6，SR 7，SeR 8烷基，芳基或杂芳基; X表示O，S或Se; R 4，R 5，R 6，R 7和R 8各自表示氢，烷基，芳基或杂芳基，或者R 5和R 6一起表示形成含氮环所必需的原子。 本发明还提供了一种制备如上所述的感光元件的方法，其包括通过如所定义的硒化合物对至少一种卤化银乳剂进行化学增感的步骤。

公开(公告)号：US06300051B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US09271372

申请日：1999-03-18

申请人： Marc Van den Zegel ,  Kathy Elst

发明人： Marc Van den Zegel ,  Kathy Elst

IPC分类号： G03C100

CPC分类号： G03C1/0051 ,  G03C1/09 ,  G03C1/18 ,  G03C1/29 ,  G03C1/40 ,  G03C2001/091 ,  G03C2001/096 ,  G03C2001/097

摘要： A method has been disclosed for preparing a tabular silver halide emulsion wherein tabular silver halide grains having an average aspect ratio of at least 2:1, an average crystal diameter from 0.3 &mgr;m to 3.0 &mgr;m and an average thickness of less than 0.50 &mgr;m account for at least 50% of the total projective surface area of said grains, said method comprising the steps of precipitating, spectrally sensitizing and chemically ripening said grains, characterized by spectrally sensitizing by adding to the emulsion grains before chemically ripening at least one J-band aggregating spectrally sensitizing dye and at least one non-J-band aggregating dye. A light-sensitive silver halide emulsion having at least one J-band aggregating dye and at least one non-J-band aggregating dye comprising said tabular grains has also been disclosed as well as a light-sensitive silver halide photographic X-ray material comprising a support, at least one hydrophilic colloid layer on at least one side of said support and one or more photosensitive layer(s) comprising the said silver halide photographic emulsion and a radiographic screen-film combination comprising at least one X-ray intensifying screen in operative association with the said material.

摘要翻译： 已经公开了制备片状卤化银乳剂的方法，其中平均长宽比为至少2:1，平均晶体直径为0.3μm至3.0μm，平均厚度小于0.50μm的片状卤化银颗粒占 所述方法包括以下步骤：使所述晶粒沉淀，光谱增感和化学熟化，其特征在于通过在化学成熟至少一个J-带聚集体之前加入到乳液颗粒中进行光谱增感 光谱增感染料和至少一种非J-带聚集染料。 还公开了具有至少一个J带聚集染料和包含所述片状颗粒的至少一种非J带聚集染料的感光卤化银乳剂以及感光卤化银照相X射线材料，其包含 载体，至少一个位于所述载体的至少一侧上的亲水胶体层和包含所述卤化银照相乳剂的一个或多个感光层和包含至少一个X射线增强屏幕的射线照相屏幕膜组合， 与所述材料的操作性关联。

公开(公告)号：US06200743B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09533378

申请日：2000-03-22

申请人： Kathy Elst ,  Ann Verbeeck ,  Paul Callant

发明人： Kathy Elst ,  Ann Verbeeck ,  Paul Callant

IPC分类号： G03C116

CPC分类号： G03C5/17 ,  G03C1/0051 ,  G03C1/122 ,  G03C2001/0055 ,  G03C2001/03511 ,  G03C2007/3025 ,  G03C2200/03

摘要： A spectrally-sensitized emulsion has been described, wherein said emulsion comprises {111} tabular silver halide grains having an average aspect ratio of at least 2 with two flat parallel {111} crystal faces accounting for a total projective surface of said parallel crystal faces in said emulsion of at least 50%, characterized in that a site-directing compound is present at said faces, satisfying the general formula I as described herein is present. A light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material comprising a support and on one or both sides thereof at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer having an emulsion as disclosed has also been described as well as a radiographic screen/film combination comprising such a light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material and a supporting or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screen, characterized in that said supported or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screen essentially consists of luminescent phosphor particles emitting green light.

摘要翻译： 已经描述了一种光谱敏化乳液，其中所述乳液包含具有平均纵横比至少为2的{111}平板状卤化银颗粒，两个平的平行{111}晶面占所述平行晶面的总投影面 所述乳液为至少50％，其特征在于，在所述面上存在位点引导化合物，满足如本文所述的通式I. 1.一种感光卤化银照相胶片材料，其包含载体并且在一个或两者上 还描述了具有所公开的乳液的至少一种感光乳剂层，以及包括这种感光卤化银照相胶片材料和支持或自支撑X射线增强剂的放射照相屏/膜组合 其特征在于，所述支撑或自支撑X射线增强屏幕基本上由发射的发光荧光体颗粒组成 绿灯。