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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for converting a fluid tracing system into an electrical tracing system 失效将流体追踪系统转换成电气跟踪系统的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4661687A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-28
申请号：US732527
申请日：1985-05-09
CPC分类号： F16L53/008 , H05B3/58
摘要： A method and apparatus for converting a fluid tracing system, e.g., a thermally insulated steam heat tracing system for a substrate, into an electrical heat tracing system for the substrate. A typical steam tracing system includes a substrate to be heated; an interconnecting system of steam tracing tubes adjacent to and in thermal contact with the substrate; and thermal insulation surrounding the substrate and steam tracing tubes. The conversion method includes the steps of removing the thermal insulation at spaced-apart locations and opening up the plurality of interconnected tubes so that elongate electrical heating elements can be inserted into the tubes, inserting elongate electrical heating elements into the tubes, and connecting the elongate electrical heating elements to a power supply in order to heat the substrate. Preferably, a gel-forming liquid is introduced into the elongate tubes and is converted into a gel within the tubes.
摘要翻译： 用于将流体追踪系统（例如用于基底的绝热蒸汽热追踪系统）转换成用于基底的电热跟踪系统的方法和装置。 典型的蒸汽跟踪系统包括待加热的基板; 蒸汽跟踪管相邻并与衬底热接触的互连系统; 以及围绕基板和蒸汽跟踪管的隔热。 转换方法包括以下步骤：在间隔开的位置处去除绝热并打开多个相互连接的管，使得细长的电加热元件可插入管中，将细长的电加热元件插入管中， 电加热元件到电源以加热基板。 优选地，将凝胶形成液体引入细长管中并在管内转化为凝胶。
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公开(公告)号：US4777351A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-11
申请号：US53610
申请日：1987-05-20
申请人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
发明人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
CPC分类号： H05B3/146 , H01C7/027 , H05B3/06 , H05B3/34 , H05B2203/006 , H05B2203/013 , H05B2203/017 , H05B2203/02
摘要： A number of improvements to electrical devices, particularly sheet heaters, comprising conductive polymer compositions, are provided. The preferred heater has the following features (a) it comprises a laminar resistive element and a plurality of electrodes which are so positioned that the predominant direction of current flow is parallel to the faces of the laminar element, (b) it comprises a laminar insulating element adjacent to but not secured to the electrodes and the resistive element; (c) it comprises a metallic foil, which acts as a ground plane and is positioned adjacent the insulating element but is not secured thereto; (d) it comprises a dielectric layer intimately bonded to the resistive element and to the electrodes.The invention also provides an electrical device comprising first and second members having different resistivities, and a thin contact layer of intermediate resistivity positioned between the first and second members.
摘要翻译： 提供了包括导电聚合物组合物的电气设备，特别是片状加热器的许多改进。 优选的加热器具有以下特征（a）它包括层状电阻元件和多个电极，其定位使得电流的主要方向平行于层状元件的表面，（b）它包括层状绝缘 元件与电极和电阻元件相邻但不固定; （c）它包括金属箔，其用作接地平面并且位于邻近绝缘元件但不固定到绝缘元件上; （d）它包括紧密结合到电阻元件和电极的电介质层。 本发明还提供了包括具有不同电阻率的第一和第二构件的电气装置，以及位于第一和第二构件之间的中间电阻的薄接触层。
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公开(公告)号：US6111234A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US211829
申请日：1992-11-06
CPC分类号： H05B3/146 , H05B3/56 , H05B2203/02
摘要： An elongate heater (1) in which a resistive heating element core is surrounded by a first insulating jacket (9) and a second insulating jacket (11). In a preferred embodiment the resistive heating element core comprises a conductive polymer composition (3) and the heater passes the VW-1 flame test. The second insulating jacket (11) may be made from the same material as the first insulating jacket (9). For some applications it is preferred that the second insulating jacket be a thin film, e.g. polyester film.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US91 / 03123 Sec。 371日期：1992年11月6日 102（e）日期1992年11月6日PCT PCT 1991年5月7日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 17642 日期：1991年11月14日延长加热器（1），其中电阻加热元件芯由第一绝缘护套（9）和第二绝缘护套（11）包围。 在优选实施例中，电阻加热元件芯包括导电聚合物组合物（3），并且加热器通过VW-1火焰测试。 第二绝缘护套（11）可以由与第一绝缘护套（9）相同的材料制成。 对于一些应用，优选地，第二绝缘护套是薄膜，例如， 聚酯薄膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4719335A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-12
申请号：US051439
申请日：1987-05-19
申请人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
发明人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
CPC分类号： H05B3/34 , H01C7/027 , H05B3/06 , H05B3/146 , H05B2203/006 , H05B2203/013 , H05B2203/017 , H05B2203/02
摘要： A number of improvements to electrical devices, particularly sheet heaters, comprising conductive polymer compositions, are provided. The preferred heater has the following features (a) it comprises a laminar resistive element and a plurality of electrodes which are so positioned that the predominant direction of current flow is parallel to the faces of the laminar element, (b) it comprises a laminar insulating element adjacent to but not secured to the electrodes and the resistive element; (c) it comprises a metallic foil, which acts as a ground plane and is positioned adjacent the insulating element but is not secured thereto; (d) it comprises a dielectric layer intimately bonded to the resistive element and to the electrodes.The invention also provides an electrical device comprising first and second members having different resistivities, and a thin contact layer of intermediate resistivity positioned between the first and second members.
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公开(公告)号：US5111032A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US322969
申请日：1989-03-13
摘要： An electrical device, particularly a self-regulating strip heater, has improved thermal efficiency, good mechanical properties, and acceptable resistance to water penetration when an outer insulating layer is applied in a way that it penetrates the interstices of a braid surrounding the heater. Appropriate penetration may be achieved by pressure-extruding the outer jacket over the braid.
摘要翻译： 电气装置，特别是自调节带式加热器，当外部绝缘层以穿透加热器周围的编织物的间隙的方式施加时，具有改善的热效率，良好的机械性能和可接受的耐水渗透性。 可以通过在外套上挤压编织物来实现适当的穿透。
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公开(公告)号：US5925276A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-20
申请号：US471893
申请日：1995-06-07
CPC分类号： H05B3/146 , H01C7/027 , H05B3/56 , H05B2203/02
摘要： A melt-extrudable conductive polymer composition which contains a polymer, a particulate conductive filler, and a particulate nonconductive filler. When a standard strip heater is made from the composition and tested in a UL VW-1 test, it has comparable performance to a heater made from a second composition which is the same as the composition but which does not contain the nonconductive filler. When tested in a standard arcing fault test, the standard heater will trip a fuse in less time than is required by the second heater, i.e. in less than 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the composition also comprises a flame retardant, preferably a halogenated flame retardant. When strip heaters prepared from these compositions are tested in a standard arc propagation test, an arc will not propagate. A preferred nonconductive filler is Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3.
摘要翻译： 一种可熔融挤出的导电聚合物组合物，其包含聚合物，颗粒状导电填料和颗粒非导电填料。 当标准条形加热器由组合物制成并在UL VW-1试验中测试时，其与由与组合物相同但不含非导电填料的第二组合物制成的加热器具有可比性能。 当在标准电弧故障测试中进行测试时，标准加热器将在比第二加热器要求的时间更短的时间内，即在不到30秒内跳闸保险丝。 在一些实施方案中，组合物还包含阻燃剂，优选卤代阻燃剂。 当在标准电弧传播试验中测试从这些组合物制备的条形加热器时，电弧不会传播。 优选的非导电填料是Sb2O3。
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公开(公告)号：US5300760A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-05
申请号：US823524
申请日：1992-01-21
摘要： An electrical device, particularly a self-regulating strip heater, has improved thermal efficiency, good mechanical properties, and acceptable resistance to water penetration when an outer insulating layer is applied in a way that it penetrates the interstices of a braid surrounding the heater. Appropriate penetration may be achieved by pressure-extruding the outer jacket over the braid.
摘要翻译： 电气装置，特别是自调节带式加热器，当外部绝缘层以穿透加热器周围的编织物的间隙的方式施加时，具有改善的热效率，良好的机械性能和可接受的耐水渗透性。 可以通过在外套上挤压编织物来实现适当的穿透。
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公开(公告)号：US4761541A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-02
申请号：US51438
申请日：1987-05-19
申请人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
发明人： Neville S. Batliwalla , Michael C. Jones , Ravinder K. Oswal , Jeff Shafe , Bernadette A. Trammell
CPC分类号： H01C7/027 , H05B3/06 , H05B3/146 , H05B3/34 , H05B2203/006 , H05B2203/013 , H05B2203/017 , H05B2203/02
摘要： A number of improvements to electrical devices, particularly sheet heaters, comprising conductive polymer compositions, are provided. The preferred heater has the following features (a) it comprises a laminar resistive element and a plurality of electrodes which are so positioned that the predominant direction of current flow is parallel to the faces of the laminar element, (b) it comprises a laminar insulating element adjacent to but not secured to the electrodes and the resistive element; (c) it comprises a metallic foil, which acts as a ground plane and is positioned adjacent the insulating element but is not secured thereto; (d) it comprises a dielectric layer intimately bonded to the resistive element and to the electrodes.The invention also provides an electrical device comprising first and second members having different resistivities, and a thin contact layer of intermediate resistivity positioned between the first and second members.
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公开(公告)号：US4242573A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-30
申请号：US6188
申请日：1979-01-24
CPC分类号： A47C27/085 , A47C21/048 , H01C7/02
摘要： A heater immersible in liquids such as water suitable for water beds and a method for producing the heater are disclosed. The heater includes two-spaced apart metallic electrodes interconnected by a conductive polymeric matrix. A water-impermable barrier completely surrounds the polymeric matrix. A jacket of plasticized polyvinyl chloride can be placed around the barrier. The barrier also prevents plasticizer from the polyvinyl chloride from penetrating and damaging the conductive polymeric matrix.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种浸入液体中的加热器，例如适用于水床的水和加热器的制造方法。 加热器包括通过导电聚合物基体互连的两间隔开的金属电极。 防水屏障完全围绕聚合物基体。 塑料聚氯乙烯护套可以放置在屏障周围。 屏障还防止聚氯乙烯的增塑剂渗透和损坏导电聚合物基质。
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