公开(公告)号：US5699462A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-16

申请号：US663503

申请日：1996-06-14

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Eric G. Hanson ,  Long Yang ,  David K. Donald

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Eric G. Hanson ,  Long Yang ,  David K. Donald

IPC分类号： G02B26/08 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02F1/19 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/00

CPC分类号： G02B26/004 ,  G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3584 ,  G02B6/3596

摘要： A switching element defines a transmitting state and a reflecting state for a pair of intersecting waveguides that have a gap at their intersection. In the preferred embodiment, the switching element exhibits total internal reflection at the gap sidewall from one waveguide to the other when not in the transmitting state. In the transmitting state, index-matching liquid fills the gap, enabling light to continue in the original waveguide direction. The switching element may use ink jet techniques or bubble techniques to displace index-matching liquid. The index-matching fluid may be projected from a gap between the waveguides by a jet mechanism, or a vapor or dissolved gas bubble may be formed to fill the gap between the waveguides to provide the reflecting state for the switching element. Using either of the techniques, heaters are employed to initiate the switching operation. In some embodiments, more than one heater is utilized. In the preferred embodiment, waveguides are formed on one substrate and heaters are formed on another. Then the substrates are aligned and bonded together to position the heaters in very close proximity to the intersection between the waveguides. Preferably, the switching element is one element in a matrix of such elements for routing signals between arrays of input and output waveguides.

摘要翻译： 开关元件限定了在其交叉点处具有间隙的一对相交波导的发射状态和反射状态。 在优选实施例中，当不处于发送状态时，开关元件在从一个波导到另一个波导的间隙侧壁处呈现全内反射。 在透射状态下，折射率匹配液体填充间隙，使光能够沿原始波导方向继续。 开关元件可以使用喷墨技术或气泡技术来移位折射率匹配液体。 折射率匹配流体可以通过喷射机构从波导之间的间隙突出，或者可以形成蒸气或溶解的气泡以填充波导之间的间隙，以提供开关元件的反射状态。 使用这些技术之一，采用加热器来启动切换操作。 在一些实施例中，使用多于一个的加热器。 在优选实施例中，在一个基板上形成波导，另一个形成加热器。 然后将基板对准并结合在一起，以将加热器定位在非常接近波导之间的交叉点处。 优选地，开关元件是用于在输入和输出波导阵列之间路由信号的这种元件的矩阵中的一个元件。

公开(公告)号：US06823093B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-23

申请号：US10166823

申请日：2002-06-11

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Qingdong Guo ,  Long Yang ,  Gonzalo Wills

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Qingdong Guo ,  Long Yang ,  Gonzalo Wills

IPC分类号： G02B600

CPC分类号： G02B6/2713 ,  G02B6/274 ,  G02B6/2766

摘要： A tunable PM fiber combiner is configured to be accurately alignable with and operative to combine into a single composite beam a pair of non-collimated, orthogonally polarized light beams transported over polarization maintaining (PM) optical fibers, whose mutual spatial separation may vary. The combiner includes birefringent elements, that are linearly or rotationally displaced to realize the composite beam. The resulting composite light beam may then be readily coupled (e.g. via a single mode fiber) to a downstream beam processing device, such as a Raman amplifier.

摘要翻译： 可调谐PM光纤组合器被配置成精确地对准并且可操作地组合成单个复合波束，一对非准直的正交偏振光束在相互空间间隔可能变化的偏振维持（PM）光纤之间传输。 组合器包括双折射元件，其被线性地或旋转地移位以实现复合梁。 所得到的复合光束然后可以容易地（例如经由单模光纤）耦合到诸如拉曼放大器的下游光束处理装置。

公开(公告)号：US5528724A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US404688

申请日：1995-03-15

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Long Yang

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Long Yang

IPC分类号： G02B6/24 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G02B6/38

CPC分类号： G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/2817 ,  G02B2006/12164 ,  G02B6/3636 ,  G02B6/3652 ,  G02B6/3692 ,  G02B6/4246

摘要： An apparatus for aligning a plurality of optical fibers in predetermined positions with respect to one another. The apparatus includes a top plate and a bottom plate having a first set of alignment groves therein, there being one such grove corresponding to each optical fiber. The alignment groves are positioned such that the optical fibers will be in their correct positions with respect to one another when the optical fibers are forced against the bottom of the groves by the top plate. To reduce reflections from cut fiber ends that would normally be cut and polished, the optical fibers are cut at an angle with respect to the axis of the optical fiber and the cut end is bonded to an optical flat by a glue layer having the same index of refraction as the optical fiber. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical flat also includes an anti-reflective material on the non-glued surface thereof. The bottom plate is preferably fabricated using photolithographic etching techniques similar to those used in micro-machining and integrated circuit fabrication. This allows the bottom plates to be mass produced while maintaining the tight tolerances need for high light collection efficiencies. Various optical components can also be mounted on the bottom plates in groves with the aid of further groves in the bottom plates.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将多根光纤相对于彼此预定位置对准的装置。 该装置包括顶板和底板，其中具有第一组对准槽，存在一个对应于每个光纤的这种槽。 对准格子被定位成使得当光纤通过顶板被迫抵靠格子的底部时，光纤将相对于彼此处于它们的正确位置。 为了减少通常被切割和抛光的切割的纤维端部的反射，光纤相对于光纤的轴线成一定角度切割，并且切割端通过具有相同指数的胶层粘合到光学平面 的折射率作为光纤。 在本发明的优选实施例中，光学平面还包括在其非胶合表面上的抗反射材料。 底板优选使用类似于在微加工和集成电路制造中使用的光刻蚀技术来制造。 这允许底板大量生产，同时保持严格的公差需要高的光采集效率。 借助于底板中的进一步的格栅，各种光学元件也可以安装在圆盘的底板上。

公开(公告)号：US06335830B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-01

申请号：US09476034

申请日：1999-12-31

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Kuochou Tai

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Kuochou Tai

IPC分类号： G02B530

CPC分类号： G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/2766 ,  G02B6/29302 ,  G02B6/29386 ,  G02B27/283

摘要： Interleaver/deinterleaver apparatuses for combining/separating optical channels are described. An interleaver/deinterleaver apparatus is described as folded when an optical signal is directed through a single crystal multiple times. Double-pass refers to the optical signal following a (folded) path through the apparatus twice. When operating as an deinterleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver separates an optical signal (e.g., WDM signal) into subsets of optical signals (e.g., channels). In one embodiment, deinterleaving optical signals separates an optical signal into even and odd International Telecommunications Union (ITU) channels. When operating as an interleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver mixes subsets of optical signals (e.g., channels) into a multiplexed (e.g., WDM) optical signal. The interleaver/deinterleaver apparatus can be used to increase the bandwidth of an optical network. For example, the interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to interface components designed for a first channel spacing (e.g., 100 GHz) to components designed for a second channel spacing (e.g., 200 GHz). In one embodiment, interleaveing combines even and odd ITU channels into a single optical signal.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于组合/分离光通道的交织器/解交织器装置。 当光信号被多次引导通过单晶时，交织器/解交织器装置被描述为折叠的。 双通道是指通过设备的（折叠）路径两次后的光信号。 当作为解交织器操作时，交织器/去交织器将光信号（例如，WDM信号）分离成光信号（例如，信道）的子集。 在一个实施例中，解交织光信号将光信号分离成偶数和奇数的国际电信联盟（ITU）信道。 当作为交织器操作时，交织器/解交织器将光信号（例如，信道）的子集合到多路复用（例如，WDM）光信号中。 交织器/解交织器装置可以用于增加光网络的带宽。 例如，交织器/解交织器可以用于将为第一信道间隔（例如，100GHz）设计的组件接口设计成用于第二信道间隔（例如，200GHz）的组件。 在一个实施例中，交织将偶数和奇数ITU信道组合成单个光信号。

公开(公告)号：US5611004A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-11

申请号：US594074

申请日：1996-01-30

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Lewis B. Aronson

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Lewis B. Aronson

IPC分类号： G02F1/125 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02F1/125

摘要： A polarization independent acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF). The AOTF is fabricate with two waveguides formed on a single substrate. An incoming polarization independent beam of light is split into TE and TM optical components with a walk-off crystal wherein each optical component is coupled into a different one of the two waveguides. The AOTF can be formed to provide two stages of filtering. The two stages of filtering can be realized be providing two successive stages or by passing the optical signal through the same filter twice. Various configurations are obtained by placing TM and TE polarizers within the optical path traveled by the incoming beam of light.

摘要翻译： 一种偏振无关的声光可调滤波器（AOTF）。 AOTF采用在单个基板上形成的两个波导制造。 入射偏振无关光束被分离成具有离散晶体的TE和TM光学部件，其中每个光学部件耦合到两个波导中的不同的一个。 AOTF可以形成为提供两个阶段的过滤。 滤波的两个阶段可以实现为提供两个连续的阶段，或通过使光信号通过相同的滤波器两次。 通过将TM和TE偏振器放置在由入射光束行进的光路内获得各种配置。

公开(公告)号：US06697198B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-24

申请号：US09983281

申请日：2001-10-23

申请人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jyehong Chen ,  Hongwei Mao

发明人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jyehong Chen ,  Hongwei Mao

IPC分类号： G02B530

CPC分类号： G02B6/29302 ,  G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/29386 ,  G02B27/283

摘要： Interleaver/deinterleaver apparatuses for combining/separating optical channels are described. When operating as a deinterleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver separates an optical signal (e.g. WDM signal) into subsets of optical signals (e.g. channels). In one embodiment, deinterleaving optical signals separates an optical signal into even and odd International Telecommunications Union (ITU) channels. The interleaver/deinterleavers may include isolator components to route optical signals to and from input/output ports. A variety of reflective elements, e.g. quarter wave mirrors, reflective prisms, etalons, can be used for double passing the signals through a birefringent crystal assembly.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于组合/分离光通道的交织器/解交织器装置。 当作为解交织器操作时，交织器/解交织器将光信号（例如，WDM信号）分离成光信号（例如，信道）的子集。 在一个实施例中，解交织光信号将光信号分离成偶数和奇数的国际电信联盟（ITU）信道。 交织器/解交织器可以包括隔离器组件以将光信号路由到输入/输出端口和从输入/输出端口路由。 各种反射元件，例如 四分之一波长的反射镜，反射棱镜，标准具可用于双重传递信号通过双折射晶体组件。

公开(公告)号：US06587267B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-01

申请号：US09986530

申请日：2001-11-09

申请人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jyehong Chen ,  Qing Dong Guo

发明人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jyehong Chen ,  Qing Dong Guo

IPC分类号： G02B2728

CPC分类号： G02B6/2746 ,  G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/2766 ,  G02B6/2773 ,  G02B6/29302 ,  G02B27/283

摘要： Described are various optical devices having at least two optical waveguides for inputting and outputting optical beams coupled thereto by a single collimating lens. Located proximate to the lens is a polarization dependent beam directing device that deflects orthogonally polarized optical beams in opposite directions by a first and second angle, respectively, when the beams are propagating in the same direction. The polarization dependent beam director compensates for an angle between a first beam input via a first of the two waveguides and a second beam input via a second of the two waveguides. The polarization dependent beam director also deflects a first beam propagating towards the waveguides in a first direction so that it is output via the first of the two waveguides and deflects a second beam propagating towards the waveguides in a second direction opposite the first so that it is output via the second of the two waveguides. Disclosed are three and four port interleavers and a four port circulator.

公开(公告)号：US06337770B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-08

申请号：US09476609

申请日：1999-12-31

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Kuochou Tai

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang ,  Kuochou Tai

IPC分类号： G02B530

CPC分类号： G02B6/29386 ,  G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/2773 ,  G02B6/29302

摘要： Interleaver/deinterleaver apparatuses for combining/separating optical channels are described. An interleaver/deinterleaver apparatus is described as folded when an optical signal is directed through a single crystal multiple times. Single-pass refers to the optical signal following a (folded) path through the apparatus a single time. When operating as an deinterleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver separates an optical signal (e.g., WDM signal) into subsets of optical signals (e.g., channels). When operating as an interleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver mixes subsets of optical signals (e.g., channels) into a multiplexed (e.g., WDM) optical signal. The interleaver/deinterleaver apparatus can be used to increase the bandwidth of an optical network. For example, the interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to interface components designed for a first channel spacing (e.g., 100 GHz) to components designed for a second channel spacing (e.g., 200 GHz).

摘要翻译： 描述了用于组合/分离光通道的交织器/解交织器装置。 当光信号被多次引导通过单晶时，交织器/解交织器装置被描述为折叠的。 单通道是指通过设备一次（折叠）路径的光信号。 当作为解交织器操作时，交织器/去交织器将光信号（例如，WDM信号）分离成光信号（例如，信道）的子集。 当作为交织器操作时，交织器/解交织器将光信号（例如，信道）的子集合到多路复用（例如，WDM）光信号中。 交织器/解交织器装置可以用于增加光网络的带宽。 例如，交织器/解交织器可以用于将为第一信道间隔（例如，100GHz）设计的组件接口设计成用于第二信道间隔（例如，200GHz）的组件。

公开(公告)号：US06301046B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US09517640

申请日：2000-03-03

申请人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jye-Hong Chen

发明人： Kuochou Tai ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Jye-Hong Chen

IPC分类号： G02B530

CPC分类号： G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/2766 ,  G02B6/29386 ,  G02B6/29395

摘要： Interleaver/deinterleavers for combining/separating optical channels. An interleaver/deinterleaver is “folded” when an optical signal follows an optical path that passes through a birefringent element multiple times. Double-pass refers to optical signals following a (folded) path through the birefringent element twice. Multi-pass refers to optical signals following a (folded) path through the birefringent element multiple times. When operating as a deinterleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver separates an optical signal (e.g., WDM signal) into subsets of optical signals (e.g., even and odd ITU channels). When operating as an interleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver mixes subsets of optical signals into a multiplexed optical signal. The interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to increase the bandwidth of an optical network. For example, the interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to interface components designed for a first channel spacing (e.g., 100 GHz) to components designed for a second channel spacing (e.g., 200 GHz). Folded interleaver/deinterleavers cause dispersion because the speed at which the ordinary beam of an optical signal passes through the birefringent element is different that the speed at which the extraordinary beam of the optical signal passes through the birefringent element. In order to reduce or eliminate dispersion, the polarization of the optical signal is reversed for alternating passes through the birefringent crystal. For example, if a signal is horizontally polarized for a first pass through the birefringent crystal, the signal is rotated to be vertically polarized for a second pass through the birefringent crystal. For a third pass through the birefringent element, the signal is rotated to be horizontally polarized.

摘要翻译： 用于组合/分离光通道的交织器/去交织器。 当光信号跟随穿过双折射元件的光路多次时，交织器/解交织器被“折叠”。 双通道是指通过双折射元件的（折叠）路径之后的光信号两次。 多通道是指多次通过双折射元件的（折叠）路径之后的光信号。 当作为解交织器操作时，交织器/去交织器将光信号（例如，WDM信号）分离成光信号（例如偶数和奇数ITU信道）的子集。 当作为交织器操作时，交织器/解交织器将光信号的子集合成复用的光信号。 交织器/去交织器可以用于增加光网络的带宽。 例如，交织器/解交织器可以用于将为第一信道间隔（例如，100GHz）设计的组件接口设计成用于第二信道间隔（例如，200GHz）的组件。 由于光信号的普通光束通过双折射元件的速度与光信号的非寻常光束通过双折射元件的速度不同，所以折叠的交织器/解交织器引起色散。 为了减少或消除色散，对于交替穿过双折射晶体，光信号的偏振反转。 例如，如果信号被水平极化以进行通过双折射晶体的第一次通过，则信号被旋转以被垂直偏振，以进行双折射晶体的第二次通过。 对于通过双折射元件的第三遍，信号被旋转以进行水平极化。

公开(公告)号：US06075642A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US100200

申请日：1998-06-18

申请人： Kok-Wai Chang

发明人： Kok-Wai Chang

IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  G02B27/28 ,  G02F1/09 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02B6/32

CPC分类号： G02F1/093 ,  Y10S372/703

摘要： An optical nonreciprocal apparatus, preferably an optical isolator, and a method of isolating propagation of light signals from multiple input optical fibers to multiple output optical fibers utilize compact isolator chips formed by a nonreciprocal rotator assembly that is sandwiched between two walk-off crystals. The nonreciprocal rotator assembly provides 90.degree. rotation of polarization components of forward propagating light beams, while providing 0.degree. rotation for rearward propagating light beams. In one embodiment, the optical nonreciprocal apparatus includes two isolator chips between an array of lenses to provide two-stage optical isolator. Preferably, the walk-off crystals in the second isolator chip provide displacement of aligned polarization components of forward propagating light beams in a direction that is perpendicular to the walk-off directions of the walk-off crystals in the first isolator chip. In another embodiment, the array of lenses are replaced by two converging lenses that are arranged in optical series. The first lens inversely project parallel light beams onto the second lens, in a diverging manner.

摘要翻译： 光学非可逆设备，优选光隔离器，以及将多个输入光纤的光信号的传播隔离成多个输出光纤的方法利用由夹在两个离散晶体之间的不可逆转子组件形成的紧凑型隔离器芯片。 不可逆旋转器组件提供向前传播光束的偏振分量90°旋转，同时向后传播光束提供0°旋转。 在一个实施例中，光学不可逆设备在透镜阵列之间包括两个隔离器芯片，以提供两级光隔离器。 优选地，第二隔离器芯片中的离散晶体提供正向传播光束的对齐的偏振分量在垂直于第一隔离器芯片中的离散晶体的离散方向的方向上的位移。 在另一个实施例中，透镜阵列由以光学系列排列的两个会聚透镜代替。 第一透镜以平行的方式将平行光束反向投影到第二透镜上。