公开(公告)号：US4902977A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-20

申请号：US295720

申请日：1989-01-10

Applicant: Michael B. Kenny ,  Larry R. Barnett ,  Richard W. Grow ,  J. Mark Baird

Inventor： Michael B. Kenny ,  Larry R. Barnett ,  Richard W. Grow ,  J. Mark Baird

IPC: G01L21/32

CPC classification number: G01L21/32

Abstract: A gas ionization type vacuum gauge for testing the internal vacuum levels to below 10.sup.-6 torr is disclosed which uses a multipactor discharge means as the source for the electron current used to ionize residual gas molecules. The invention comprises an RF field enhancing cavity which can be constructed of high-vacuum-compatible materials, able to withstand bake-out microwave temperatures and a negatively biased ion collection wave, wire, or grid. A simple ceramic RF feed-through permits simple and noninvasive pressure measurements. The device can be made much smaller than conventional gauges.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测试内部真空度至低于10 -6乇的气体离子型真空计，其使用多功能放电装置作为用于电离残余气体分子的电子电流源。 本发明包括RF场增强腔，其可由能够承受烘烤微波温度的高真空兼容材料和负偏压的离子采集波，线或栅格构成。 简单的陶瓷射频馈电允许简单和无创的压力测量。 该装置可以比传统的量规小得多。

公开(公告)号：US4554483A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-19

申请号：US537474

申请日：1983-09-29

Applicant: J. Mark Baird ,  Larry R. Barnett ,  Yue-Ying Lau

Inventor： J. Mark Baird ,  Larry R. Barnett ,  Yue-Ying Lau

IPC: H01J25/02 ,  H01J25/00

CPC classification number: H01J25/025 ,  Y10S505/88

Abstract: An RF cyclotron maser type traveling-wave amplifier including an integral active circulator. The amplifier includes a tapered interaction waveguide having a cross-section which gradually increases from a small first end to a larger second end thereof. The waveguide is capable of supporting first and second orthogonal polarization modes therein with approximately the same propagation characteristics for the two modes. A beam of mildly relativistic electrons having helical electron motion is directed into the small first end to axially propagate within the waveguide toward the larger second end. A tapered magnetic field is generated within the waveguide in a direction approximately parallel to the axis of the waveguide. The magnetic field is profiled to near grazing interaction with the second polarization mode of the waveguide. An input electromagnetic wave in the first polarization mode is launched into the larger second end of the waveguide to propagate toward the first end thereof. The input wave is reflected by the constriction of the tapered waveguide to co-propagate with the electron beam in the waveguide. The reflected input wave additionally excites energy in the second mode which also co-propagates with the electron beam. The first and second modes are amplified by the electron beam; the second polarization mode being amplified to a greater extent than the first mode. The two orthogonal modes are easily separated to provide input and output ports for the amplifier.

Abstract translation: 一种包括整体有源环行器的RF回旋加速器型行波放大器。 放大器包括具有从小的第一端到其较大的第二端逐渐增加的横截面的锥形相互作用波导。 波导能够支持其中的第一和第二正交偏振模式，其中两种模式具有大致相同的传播特性。 具有螺旋电子运动的轻度相对论电子束被引导到小的第一端中，以在波导内朝较大的第二端轴向传播。 在波导内沿与波导的轴线大致平行的方向产生锥形磁场。 磁场形状与波导的第二偏振模式近似放牧相互作用。 在第一偏振模式中的输入电磁波被发射到波导的较大的第二端，以朝向其第一端传播。 输入波被锥形波导的收缩反射，与波导中的电子束共同传播。 反射的输入波另外激发与电子束共同传播的第二模式的能量。 第一和第二模式被电子束放大; 第二偏振模式被放大到比第一模式更大的程度。 两个正交模式很容易分离，为放大器提供输入和输出端口。

公开(公告)号：US4422045A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-20

申请号：US245759

申请日：1981-03-20

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01J25/02 ,  H01S1/00 ,  H01J23/16

CPC classification number: H01J25/02 ,  H01S1/00 ,  H01S1/005

Abstract: A cyclotron maser microwave amplifier and oscillator which utilizes non-relativistic electrons in cyclotron motion and a spatially nonlinear electrostatic field which is produced by the space charge of the electrons. The term "spatially nonlinear electrostatic field" encompasses static electric fields whose magnitude can be described mathematically as varying in a nonlinear manner as a function of position in one or more directions. As taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,253,068 of Feb. 24, 1981, "Cyclotron Maser Using a Spatially Nonlinear Electrostatic Field", completely non-relativistic electrons may be used in principle for which phase bunching will occur due to the nonlinear motions induced by the electrostatic field, resulting in stimulated emission of cyclotron radiation for use in a microwave amplifier or oscillator. U.S. Pat. No. 4,253,068 teaches that appropriate nonlinear electrostatic fields can be established by suitably shaped electrodes and a low charge density electron beam. The present application teaches that appropriate nonlinear electrostatic fields can be produced by the self fields of the space charge of the electron beam. Resulting amplifiers and oscillators are here named barnetron amplifiers and oscillators.An electron gun which produces an annular electron beam with components of velocity perpendicular and parallel to an axial magnetic field.

Abstract translation: 回旋加速器微波放大器和振荡器，其利用回旋加速器运动中的非相对论电子和由电子的空间电荷产生的空间非线性静电场。 术语“空间非线性静电场”包括静态电场，其大小可以以非线性方式在数学上描述为在一个或多个方向上作为位置的函数而变化。 如美国专利 1981年2月24日的第4,253,068号“使用空间非线性静电场的回旋加速器”，原理上可以使用完全非相对论的电子，由于静电场引起的非线性运动，将发生相位聚束，导致 用于微波放大器或振荡器的回旋加速器辐射的受激发射。 美国专利 No.4,253,068教导了适当的非线性静电场可以通过适当形状的电极和低电荷密度的电子束来建立。 本申请教导了可以通过电子束的空间电荷的自相位产生适当的非线性静电场。 所产生的放大器和振荡器在这里被称为barnetron放大器和振荡器。 一种电子枪，其产生具有垂直并平行于轴向磁场的速度分量的环形电子束。

公开(公告)号：US07764020B2

公开(公告)日：2010-07-27

申请号：US11779261

申请日：2007-07-17

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01F7/202 ,  H01F7/0278 ,  H01J23/10 ,  H01J25/025

Abstract: A magnet configuration for a power microwave tube with a resonant cavity comprises a permanent magnet (110) with an axis-aligned through-bore (135) of sufficient size to contain the resonant cavity. The permanent magnet has an inner chamber (140) that is centered on the axis (130) with opposite magnet poles aligned along the axis. The magnet configuration further comprises an electromagnet coil (120) fitting in the chamber and encircling the axis such that the coil produces a magnetic field that reinforces the magnetic field from the permanent magnet. An optional protrusion (125) spanning the through-bore narrows an air gap between the poles. The method provides a magnetic field in a power microwave generator by combining a permanent magnet with an electromagnet in accordance with the magnet configuration and energizes the electromagnetic coil, which may be by pulsing the coil current.

Abstract translation: 具有谐振腔的功率微波管的磁体配置包括具有足够尺寸的轴对准通孔（135）的永磁体（110）以容纳谐振腔。 永磁体具有以轴线（130）为中心的内室（140），具有相对的磁极沿轴线排列。 磁体结构进一步包括电磁线圈（120），该电磁线圈（120）安装在腔室中并围绕轴线，使得线圈产生加强永磁体的磁场的磁场。 跨越通孔的可选突起（125）使两极之间的气隙变窄。 该方法通过根据磁体配置将永久磁铁与电磁体组合并提供电磁线圈来提供功率微波发生器中的磁场，该电磁线圈可以通过脉冲线圈电流来激励电磁线圈。

公开(公告)号：US4967162A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-30

申请号：US149375

申请日：1988-01-28

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett ,  Robert M. Phillips

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett ,  Robert M. Phillips

IPC: H01J25/34 ,  H03F3/58

CPC classification number: H01J25/34 ,  H03F3/58

Abstract: A traveling-wave device for amplification of RF signals at microwave frequencies, primarily from UHF to submillimeter wavelengths, comprised primarily of broad-coupled parallel striplines of which one is a cathode stripline and the other a non-intercepting gate stripline disposed between conducting plates. Electrons are emitted from the cathode stripline and accelerated by DC electric fields through the non-intercepting gate stripline on which the microwave signal is propagating in a transmission mode which has reversed directions of the microwave electric field on each side of the gate stripline. The odd mode component of the microwave electric field, between the gate stripline and cathode stripline, serves to modulate and/or stimulate electron emission from the cathode stripline and the reversed direction of the microwave electric field between the gate stripline and the conducting plate decelerates the electrons to add their energy to the propagating wave for amplification. Positive feedback, due to the coupling of the growing RF propagating wave of the stripline system to the odd mode modulating signal, gives the amplifier large and continuous exponential gain.

Abstract translation: 主要由UHF至亚毫米波长的微波频率放大RF信号的行波装置主要由广泛耦合的平行带状线组成，一条是阴极带状线，另一条是设置在导电板之间的非截止栅极线。 电子从阴极带状线发射，并通过直流电场加速，通过微波信号传播的非截止栅极带状线，其在栅极线的每一侧具有相反的微波电场方向的传输模式。 栅极带状线和阴极带状线之间的微波电场的奇数分量用于调制和/或刺激来自阴极带状线的电子发射，并且栅带状线与导电板之间的微波电场的相反方向减速 电子将它们的能量加到传播波上进行放大。 由于带状线系统生长的RF传播波与奇模调制信号的耦合，正反馈给予放大器大而连续的指数增益。

公开(公告)号：US4533875A

公开(公告)日：1985-08-06

申请号：US389133

申请日：1982-06-16

Applicant: Yue-Ying Lau ,  Kwo R. Chu ,  Victor L. Granatstein ,  Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Yue-Ying Lau ,  Kwo R. Chu ,  Victor L. Granatstein ,  Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01J25/02 ,  H01S1/00 ,  H03F3/58 ,  H03F3/60 ,  H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01J25/025 ,  H01S1/00 ,  H03F3/58 ,  H03F3/608

Abstract: A high power amplifier for amplifying millimeter-wave radiation comprising: a length of metallic waveguide tapered from a small cross-sectional end to a larger cross-sectional end; a magnetron-type electron injection gun for injecting a spiral beam of relativistic electrons at the small end of the waveguide for propagation axially therein so that the wall radius of the tapered waveguide increases in the downstream direction of the electron beam; an input coupler for launching electromagnetic waves to be amplified into the waveguide at the large waveguide end thereof such that the individual frequencies in the input waves are reflected at various points along the constriction of the waveguide taper so that they copropagate with and are amplified by the electron beam; and a magnetic circuit for generating an axial magnetic field within the tapered waveguide with a unique profile approximately in accordance with the following equation to maintain synchronism: ##EQU1## where the z subscript is the waveguide axial direction, the .perp. subscript designates the direction perpendicular to this axial direction, and the o subscript represents those quantities at the entrance point for the electron beam into the waveguide.This device has been found experimentally to have negligible launching loss and low sensitivity to electron velocity spread.

Abstract translation: 一种用于放大毫米波辐射的高功率放大器，包括：从小截面端到较大横截面端逐渐变细的金属波导的长度; 用于在波导的小端处注入相对论电子的螺旋光束以在其中轴向传播的磁控管型电子注入枪，使得锥形波导的壁半径在电子束的下游方向上增加; 用于发射电磁波的输入耦合器，以在其波导端的大波导端处放大到波导中，使得输入波中的各个频率沿着波导锥度的收缩部的各个点被反射，使得它们与波导锥形共同传播并被放大 电子束; 以及用于在锥形波导内产生具有大致按照以下等式的独特轮廓的磁路，以保持同步：其中z下标是波导轴向，其中ORTHOGONAL下标表示垂直于 该轴向方向，o下标表示电子束进入波导的入口处的那些量。 实验发现该装置具有可忽略的发射损失和对电子速度传播的低灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US4253068A

公开(公告)日：1981-02-24

申请号：US40932

申请日：1979-05-21

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01S1/00

CPC classification number: H01S1/005

Abstract: A cyclotron maser microwave amplifier or oscillator which utilizes non-relativistic electrons (or other charged particles) in cyclotron motion and a spatially nonlinear electrostatic field. The term "spatially nonlinear electrostatic field" encompasses static electric fields whose magnitude can be described mathematically as varying in a nonlinear manner as a function of position in one or more directions. Completely non-relativistic electrons of very low energy may be used in principle for which phase bunching will occur due to the nonlinear motions (induced by the electrostatic field) resulting in stimulated emission of cyclotron radiation for use in the amplifier or oscillator. This is in complete contrast to the relativistic cyclotron maser (Hirschfield, U.S. Pat. No. 3,398,376) which required the electrons to be acting under the relativistic effect of the electron mass (and hence cyclotron frequency) being a function of its energy to produce the necessary phase bunching and resulting stimulated emission. This new means of cyclotron maser action, in principle, is induced by a variety of spatially nonlinear electrostatic fields.

Abstract translation: 回旋加速器微波放大器或振荡器，其在回旋加速器运动和空间非线性静电场中使用非相对论电子（或其他带电粒子）。 术语“空间非线性静电场”包括静态电场，其大小可以以非线性方式在数学上描述为在一个或多个方向上作为位置的函数而变化。 原理上可以使用非常低能量的完全非相对论电子，由于非线性运动（由静电场引起）会导致相位聚束，导致用于放大器或振荡器的回旋加速器辐射的受激发射。 这与相对论回旋加速器（Hirschfield，美国专利号3,398,376）形成鲜明对比的是，它需要电子在电子质量的相对论效应（因而回旋加速器频率）的作用下作为其能量的函数来产生 必要的阶段聚束和产生的受激发射。 这种回旋加速器主动作用的新手段原则上是由各种空间非线性静电场引起的。

公开(公告)号：US09711314B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-18

申请号：US14848278

申请日：2015-09-08

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01J23/087

CPC classification number: H01J23/087

Abstract: A compact magnet system for use in a high-power microwave tube includes an electromagnetic coil surrounded on three sides by permanent magnets. More particularly, constituent components include a first tubular retaining member; the electromagnetic coil that fits within the first tubular retaining member and that has a central cavity; first permanent magnets positioned to extend radially from the central cavity so that like poles of the first permanent magnets wrap around the central cavity along a first side of the solenoid coil; and second permanent magnets positioned to extend radially from the central cavity so that opposite poles to the first permanent magnets wrap around the central axis along the second side of the solenoid coil. Optional added components include two sets of permanent magnets, one set on each side of the coil and a pole piece located adjacent to an end of the first tubular retaining member.

公开(公告)号：US20160078992A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-17

申请号：US14848278

申请日：2015-09-08

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett

IPC: H01J23/08 ,  H01F7/20 ,  H01F7/02

CPC classification number: H01J23/087

Abstract: A compact magnet system for use in a high-power microwave tube includes an electromagnetic coil surrounded on three sides by permanent magnets. More particularly, constituent components include a first tubular retaining member; the electromagnetic coil that fits within the first tubular retaining member and that has a central cavity; first permanent magnets positioned to extend radially from the central cavity so that like poles of the first permanent magnets wrap around the central cavity along a first side of the solenoid coil; and second permanent magnets positioned to extend radially from the central cavity so that opposite poles to the first permanent magnets wrap around the central axis along the second side of the solenoid coil. Optional added components include two sets of permanent magnets, one set on each side of the coil and a pole piece located adjacent to an end of the first tubular retaining member.

Abstract translation: 用于大功率微波管的紧凑型磁体系统包括由永磁体三面包围的电磁线圈。 更具体地，组成部件包括第一管状保持部件; 所述电磁线圈装配在所述第一管状保持构件内并且具有中心空腔; 第一永久磁体定位成从中心腔径向延伸，使得第一永磁体的相似磁极沿着螺线管线圈的第一侧围绕中心空腔缠绕; 以及定位成从中心腔径向延伸的第二永久磁铁，使得与第一永久磁铁相反的磁极沿电磁线圈的第二侧围绕中心轴缠绕。 可选添加的部件包括两组永磁体，一组设置在线圈的每一侧，以及极片，邻近第一管状保持构件的端部。

公开(公告)号：US07952287B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-31

申请号：US12248019

申请日：2008-10-08

Applicant: Larry R. Barnett ,  Young-Min Shin

Inventor： Larry R. Barnett ,  Young-Min Shin

IPC: H01J25/34

CPC classification number: H01J25/34 ,  H01J23/20

Abstract: A two-dimensional circuit for a traveling-wave tube for millimeter and sub-millimeter electromagnetic waves synchronously interacts with an electron beam in a vacuum electronic microwave amplifier or oscillator. The circuit is a solid body having a length along the tube axis. The solid body has an electrically conductive top section and an electrically conductive bottom section. The top section is configured with a plurality of vertical vanes having a width and height and configured parallel to each other. The bottom section is similarly configured such that when the circuit is viewed in cross section along the length, the vanes on the bottom section are staggered with respect to the vanes on the top section. The top section and the bottom section are separated from each other to define a tunnel through the solid body along the length.

Abstract translation: 用于毫米和亚毫米电磁波的行波管的二维电路与真空电子微波放大器或振荡器中的电子束同步地相互作用。 该电路是具有沿着管轴长度的固体。 固体具有导电顶部和导电底部。 顶部构造有具有宽度和高度的多个垂直叶片并且彼此平行配置。 底部部分类似地构造成使得当沿着长度的横截面观察回路时，底部部分上的叶片相对于顶部部分上的叶片交错。 顶部部分和底部部分彼此分离以沿着长度限定通过固体的隧道。