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    Polymers derived from .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides and n-substituted acrylamides, and use in reducing scale
    1.
    发明授权
    Polymers derived from .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides and n-substituted acrylamides, and use in reducing scale 失效
    衍生自α，β-不饱和多元羧酸或酸酐和n-取代丙烯酰胺的聚合物，用于还原规模

    公开(公告)号：US5164468A

    公开(公告)日：1992-11-17

    申请号：US577905

    申请日：1990-09-05

    申请人： Lawrence E. Ball ,  Abolghassem Eskamani ,  Eleanor J. Fendler

    发明人： Lawrence E. Ball ,  Abolghassem Eskamani ,  Eleanor J. Fendler

    IPC分类号： C02F5/12 ,  C08F8/12 ,  C08F222/00 ,  C09K8/528

    CPC分类号： C09K8/528 ,  C02F5/12 ,  C08F222/00 ,  C08F8/44

    摘要： Polymers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of (A) at least about 60 weight percent of at least one .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride; and (B) about 0.5 to about 40 weight percent of at least one acrylamide represented by the formula VI:CH.sup.2 .dbd.C(R.sup.5)C(O)N(R.sup.6)R.sup.7 (VI)wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups provided that at least one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is a lower hydro-carbyl group, and further provided that the mixture is free of a vinyl sulfonic acid. The monomers react at elevated temperatures to form polycarboxylate scale inhibitors having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to 10,000. The polymers have particular application in the inhibition of scales during oil field operations, but also may be employed in any environment where deposition of mineral scales is undesirable.

    摘要翻译： 公开了包含（A）至少约60重量％的至少一种α，β-不饱和多元羧酸或酸酐的反应产物的聚合物; 和（B）约0.5至约40重量％的由式VI表示的至少一种丙烯酰胺：CH2 = C（R5）C（O）N（R6）R7（VI）其中R5，R6和R7各自独立地为氢 或低级烷基，条件是R 6和R 7中的至少一个为低级碳代基，并且进一步规定该混合物不含乙烯基磺酸。 单体在升高的温度下反应形成数均分子量为约400至10,000的聚羧酸盐垢垢抑制剂。 这些聚合物在油田操作期间特别适用于抑制鳞屑，但也可用于任何不希望沉积矿物垢的环境中。

    Electrochemical conversion of biomass
    4.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical conversion of biomass 失效
    生物质电化学转化

    公开(公告)号：US4341609A

    公开(公告)日：1982-07-27

    申请号：US238307

    申请日：1981-02-26

    申请人： Abolghassem Eskamani ,  Helen D. Dernar

    发明人： Abolghassem Eskamani ,  Helen D. Dernar

    IPC分类号： C12N1/22 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/22

    CPC分类号： C12P19/14 ,  C12N1/22 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/224

    摘要： A process for converting plant biomass to its constituent parts of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose and further derivatives comprises treating the biomass in the anodic section of an electrochemical cell in the presence of an electrolyte solution. The rate of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of treated biomass is enhanced.

    摘要翻译： 将植物生物质转化为木质素，纤维素和半纤维素及其衍生物的组成部分的方法包括在电解质溶液存在下处理电化学电池的阳极部分中的生物质。 处理过的生物质的酶纤维素水解速率提高。