公开(公告)号：US20080095319A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11681828

申请日：2007-03-05

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G21K5/02

CPC分类号： G21K1/06 ,  G01N2223/316 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  H01J2235/08

摘要： A method for obtaining a concentrated, monochromatic x-ray beam from a standard x-ray tube or other source of polychromatic emission. X-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube fluoresce an adjoining, independent target that produces a monochromatic spectrum, a portion of which is focused by the x-ray optical system. This two-stage method gives the system considerably versatility without undue loss in signal. The two-stage concentrator makes practical the use of focusing optics in hand-held and portable instruments.

摘要翻译： 用于从标准X射线管或其他多色发射源获得浓缩的单色X射线束的方法。 来自X射线管的阳极的X射线发出相邻的独立目标，产生单色光谱，其一部分由x射线光学系统聚焦。 这种两阶段的方法使得系统具有很大的通用性，而不会在信号中造成不必要的损失。 两级聚光器使手持和便携式仪器中的聚焦光学器件成为可能。

公开(公告)号：US06765986B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10067683

申请日：2002-02-04

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An x-ray fluorescence analyzer and method. The analyzer and method use a single radio-active source, such as, 241Am to determine the composition of a metal alloy or precious metal. The method compensates for Rayleigh scattering by first determining a scaling factor using a particular energy line in the spectrum of the test material and comparing that line to the same energy line for a pure metal. Based on the scaling factor the energy spectrum for the pure is compensated and then subtracted from the energy spectrum of the test material at discrete points.

摘要翻译： X射线荧光分析仪及方法。 分析仪和方法使用单个放射性活性源，例如<241> Am来确定金属合金或贵金属的组成。 该方法通过首先使用测试材料的光谱中的特定能量线确定比例因子并将该线与纯金属的相同能量线进行比较来补偿瑞利散射。 基于缩放因子，纯化的能谱被补偿，然后从离散点处的测试材料的能谱中减去。

公开(公告)号：US06801595B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-05

申请号：US10138797

申请日：2002-05-03

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23223

CPC分类号： G01N21/718 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： A device and method for identifying the composition of a target sample. The target sample may be a matrix such as a metal alloy, a soil sample, or a work of art. The device includes an x-ray fluorescence detector that produces an x-ray signal output in response to the target sample. The device also includes an optical spectroscope that produces an optical signal output in response to the target sample. Further, a processor is included that analyzes and combines the x-ray signal output and the optical signal output to determine the composition of the test material. In one embodiment, the optical spectroscope is a laser induced photon fluorescence detector.

摘要翻译： 用于识别目标样品的组成的装置和方法。 目标样品可以是诸如金属合金，土壤样品或艺术品的基质。 该装置包括x射线荧光检测器，其产生响应于目标样品的x射线信号输出。 该装置还包括光学分光镜，其产生响应于目标样品的光信号输出。 此外，包括分析和组合X射线信号输出和光信号输出以确定测试材料的组成的处理器。 在一个实施例中，光学分光仪是激光诱导光子荧光检测器。

公开(公告)号：US07634052B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-15

申请号：US11681828

申请日：2007-03-05

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G21K1/06 ,  H01J35/02

CPC分类号： G21K1/06 ,  G01N2223/316 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  H01J2235/08

摘要： A method for obtaining a concentrated, monochromatic x-ray beam from a standard x-ray tube or other source of polychromatic emission. X-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube fluoresce an adjoining, independent target that produces a monochromatic spectrum, a portion of which is focused by the x-ray optical system. This two-stage method gives the system considerably versatility without undue loss in signal. The two-stage concentrator makes practical the use of focusing optics in hand-held and portable instruments.

摘要翻译： 用于从标准X射线管或其他多色发射源获得浓缩的单色X射线束的方法。 来自X射线管的阳极的X射线发出相邻的独立目标，产生单色光谱，其一部分由x射线光学系统聚焦。 这种两阶段的方法使得系统具有很大的通用性，而不会在信号中造成不必要的损失。 两级聚光器使手持和便携式仪器中的聚焦光学器件成为可能。

公开(公告)号：US20170245819A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：US15444135

申请日：2017-02-27

申请人： Peter J. Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： Peter J. Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/06

CPC分类号： A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4071 ,  A61B6/4078 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  A61B6/4258 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/4429 ,  A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/4476 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/5217 ,  A61B6/5282 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G01N23/087 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G01N2223/0763 ,  G01N2223/1013 ,  G01N2223/1016 ,  H01J35/00

摘要： A system and corresponding method for detecting one or more high-atomic-number elements in a patient includes a Bremsstrahlung x-ray source that produces x-rays in an energy spectrum including an energy of at least 160 kiloelectron-volts (keV), a filter configured to absorb the x-rays in a region of the energy spectrum, and a collimator configured to receive the x-rays and output a collimated x-ray beam to be incident on a patient. The system and method can also include one or more collimated, energy-resolving x-ray detectors to detect fluorescent radiation emitted from the one or more high-atomic-number elements in the patient in response to the collimated x-ray beam incident on the patient. An alternative x-ray source can include a radioactive isotope. Scanning of the x-ray beam may also be performed. Embodiments enable practical clinical, in vivo measurements of lead in bone.

公开(公告)号：US09291582B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US13616253

申请日：2012-09-14

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

IPC分类号： G21F3/00 ,  G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G02B27/30 ,  G21K1/04 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G21K1/02

CPC分类号： G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B27/30 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/04

摘要： An adjustable collimator for shaping a beam of particles, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. The adjustable collimator has an obscuring element substantially opaque to passage of the particles in a propagation direction that is radial with respect to the axis of rotation of a ring of apertures. A gap in the obscuring element may be characterized by a length taken along a long dimension and a jaw spacing taken along narrow dimension, and at least one of the length of the gap and the jaw spacing is subject to adjustment, either manual or automatic. The adjustable collimator may be disposed either inside or outside the ring of apertures, and, in some embodiments, the jaw spacing may be a function of distance along the long dimension relative to an edge of the gap.

摘要翻译： 用于成形颗粒束的可调节准直器，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 可调节准直器具有基本上不透明的元件，该透明元件在相对于孔环的旋转轴线径向的传播方向上通过颗粒。 模糊元件中的间隙的特征在于沿着长度取长度，并且沿着狭窄的尺寸取得钳口间隔，并且间隙和钳口间隔的长度中的至少一个可以手动或自动地进行调节。 可调整的准直器可以设置在孔的环的内部或外部，并且在一些实施例中，钳口间隔可以是沿着间隔相对于边缘的长度的距离的函数。

公开(公告)号：US08433034B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

申请号：US13529471

申请日：2012-06-21

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for localizing an element of interest in a sample by comparing XRF spectra acquired from at least two distinct but overlapping inspection volumes. The inspection volumes are varied by changing the geometry of the exciting x-ray and/or fluoresced x-ray beam(s), which may be accomplished by repositioning multi-apertured collimators. Comparison of the XRF spectra acquired from different inspection volumes provides an indication as to whether the element of interest (e.g., lead) is present in a coating layer, in the underlying bulk material, or in both.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过比较从至少两个不同但重叠的检查体积获取的XRF光谱来定位样品中感兴趣的元件的装置和方法。 通过改变激发的x射线和/或荧光X射线束的几何形状来改变检查体积，这可以通过重新定位多孔准直器来实现。 从不同检查体积获得的XRF光谱的比较提供关于感兴趣的元素（例如，铅）是否存在于涂层中，潜在的散装材料中或两者中的指示。

公开(公告)号：US20130003936A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13616253

申请日：2012-09-14

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

IPC分类号： G21K1/04

CPC分类号： G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B27/30 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/04

摘要： An adjustable collimator for shaping a beam of particles, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. The adjustable collimator has an obscuring element substantially opaque to passage of the particles in a propagation direction that is radial with respect to the axis of rotation of a ring of apertures. A gap in the obscuring element may be characterized by a length taken along a long dimension and a jaw spacing taken along narrow dimension, and at least one of the length of the gap and the jaw spacing is subject to adjustment, either manual or automatic. The adjustable collimator may be disposed either inside or outside the ring of apertures, and, in some embodiments, the jaw spacing may be a function of distance along the long dimension relative to an edge of the gap.

摘要翻译： 用于成形颗粒束的可调节准直器，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 可调节准直器具有基本上不透明的元件，该透明元件在相对于孔环的旋转轴线径向的传播方向上通过颗粒。 模糊元件中的间隙的特征在于沿着长度取长度，并且沿着狭窄的尺寸取得钳口间隔，并且间隙和钳口间隔的长度中的至少一个可以手动或自动地进行调节。 可调整的准直器可以设置在孔的环的内部或外部，并且在一些实施例中，钳口间隔可以是沿着间隔相对于边缘的长度的距离的函数。

公开(公告)号：US07671350B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-02

申请号：US12300790

申请日：2007-05-25

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An instrument and method for measuring the elemental composition of a test material. The instrument has a source of penetrating radiation for irradiating an irradiated region of the test material, a detector for detecting fluorescence emission by the test material and for generating a detector signal, and a controller for converting the detector signal into a spectrum characterizing the composition of the test material. A platen of attenuating material extends outward from adjacent to, and surrounding, the irradiated surface of the test material. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the attenuating platen is tapered such as to decrease with increasing radial distance from the central irradiated region of the test material.

摘要翻译： 用于测量测试材料的元素组成的仪器和方法。 仪器具有用于照射测试材料的照射区域的穿透辐射源，用于检测测试材料的荧光发射和产生检测器信号的检测器，以及用于将检测器信号转换成表征组成的光谱的控制器 测试材料。 衰减材料的压板从测试材料的照射表面的相邻并且围绕其向外延伸。 在某些实施例中，衰减台板的厚度是锥形的，以便随着与测试材料的中心照射区域的径向距离的增加而减小。

公开(公告)号：US20080192897A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-14

申请号：US12029410

申请日：2008-02-11

申请人： Stanislaw Piorek ,  Mark Hamilton ,  Kenneth P. Martin ,  Pratheev Sreetharan ,  Michael E. Dugas ,  Paul Estabrooks ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： Stanislaw Piorek ,  Mark Hamilton ,  Kenneth P. Martin ,  Pratheev Sreetharan ,  Michael E. Dugas ,  Paul Estabrooks ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： H05G1/64 ,  H05G1/10 ,  G01D18/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： A hand-held, self-contained x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer produces a small x-ray spot on a sample to interrogate the elemental composition of a sample region of millimeter-size characteristic dimension. The analyzer includes a collimator for aiming an x-ray beam toward a desired location on the sample and for determining the size of the spot produced on the sample. The analyzer may include a digital camera oriented toward the portion of the sample that is, or would be, interrogated by the x-ray spot to facilitate aiming the analyzer. The analyzer may generate a reticule in a displayed image to indicate the portion of the sample that is, or would be, illuminated by the x-ray beam. The analyzer may automatically annotate the image of the sample with text or graphics that contain information about the analyzed sample. The image may be stored in the hand-held analyzer or provided for external storage or display.

摘要翻译： 手持式独立的X射线荧光（XRF）分析仪在样品上产生小的x射线斑点，以询问毫米尺寸特征尺寸的样品区域的元素组成。 分析仪包括准直器，用于将X射线束朝向样品上的期望位置，并用于确定样品上产生的斑点的尺寸。 分析器可以包括朝向被X射线点或将要被X射线点询问以便于瞄准分析器的样本部分的数字照相机。 分析器可以在所显示的图像中生成网状物，以指示样本的X射线束照射的部分或者被X射线束照射的部分。 分析仪可以使用包含有关分析样本信息的文本或图形自动注释样品图像。 图像可以存储在手持式分析仪中或提供用于外部存储或显示。