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公开(公告)号：US5933231A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US676634
申请日：1996-07-10
CPC分类号： G01B11/12
摘要： An optical method and system for measuring bore hole diameter, out-of-roundness and lobing and a probe for use therein are provided. A ring of structured light is initially formed or projected on the inner surface of a bore hole by optical components supported within a housing of the probe. A lens system also supported within the housing images the ring of light. Image merging lenses of the lens system reform the image at a video camera located at a window of the housing such that two or more arcs of the ring form a magnified image with the image of the arcs being shifted in space such that all the arcs can be viewed by the camera. The video camera image is captured by a frame grabber/computer. A computer calculates the location of the arcs and from this information determine bore diameter and other bore properties such as out-of-roundness and lobing. The method, system and probe have the ability to capture information around the entire bore without movement of the camera or any of the optical components supported within the housing.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于测量钻孔直径，不圆度和波纹的光学方法和系统以及用于其中的探针。 最初通过支撑在探针的壳体内的光学部件在钻孔的内表面上形成或投射结构化的光环。 镜头系统还支持在外壳内形成光环。 透镜系统的图像融合透镜在位于壳体的窗口处的摄像机处改变图像，使得环的两个或多个弧形成放大图像，其中弧的图像在空间中移位，使得所有的弧可以 由相机查看。 摄像机图像由帧抓取器/计算机捕获。 计算机计算弧的位置，并根据该信息确定孔直径和其他孔性质，例如不圆度和偏移。 该方法，系统和探头具有在不移动相机或支撑在壳体内的任何光学部件的情况下捕获围绕整个孔的信息的能力。
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公开(公告)号：US6084712A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US185768
申请日：1998-11-03
申请人： Kevin G. Harding
发明人： Kevin G. Harding
CPC分类号： G02B27/60 , G01B11/254
摘要： A method and apparatus for gathering full-field three dimensional data for a surface by directing light through a master grating and a projection lens onto a surface, viewing the light from the surface though an imaging lens, a plurality of splitting lenses, and a submaster grating, creating a plurality of moire fringes, and examining said plurality of moire fringe patterns to determine full-field three dimensional data.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过将光源通过主光栅和投影透镜引导到表面上来收集表面的全场三维数据的方法和装置，通过成像透镜，多个分裂透镜和子主表面观察来自表面的光 光栅，产生多个莫尔条纹，并检查所述多个莫尔条纹图案以确定全场三维数据。
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公开(公告)号：US4566757A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-28
申请号：US548892
申请日：1983-09-23
CPC分类号： G03H1/00 , G06E3/003 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A method and apparatus for performing optical processing on optical information corresponding to a subject (66) combines known optical processing techniques with holography. A reverse ray-trace holographic system is provided so that the image reconstruction beam (90) passes through the optical system in a direction exactly opposite to that travelled by the subject beam (50) during recording of the hologram (88). Aberrations introduced by the system optics are then completely compensated for, allowing use of lower quality optical components. A single large-aperture lens (68) is used to define a Fourier transform of the optical subject information as the hologram (88) is recorded or the image reconstructed, and the subject information is manipulated within the Fourier transform plane (91).
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00184 Sec。 371日期1983年9月23日 102（e）1983年10月12日日期PCT提交1983年2月14日PCT公布。 公开号WO83 / 02831 日期：1983年8月18日。一种用于对对应于对象（66）的光学信息进行光学处理的方法和装置将已知的光学处理技术与全息术相结合。 提供了一种反射光线追踪全息系统，使得图像重建光束（90）在记录全息图（88）期间沿着与被摄体光束（50）行进的方向完全相反的方向穿过光学系统。 然后完全补偿由系统光学器件引入的像差，允许使用较低质量的光学部件。 当记录全息图（88）或重建图像时，使用单个大孔径透镜（68）来定义光学对象信息的傅里叶变换，并且在傅立叶变换平面（91）内操纵对象信息。
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公开(公告)号：US4875777A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-24
申请号：US103497
申请日：1987-09-30
申请人： Kevin G. Harding
发明人： Kevin G. Harding
IPC分类号： G01B11/25
摘要： An optical structured light profiler for evaluating the surface shape of a workpiece along a particular cross section of interest. The profiler includes an illumination optical system which projects a sheet of light onto the workpiece surface along the cross sectional plane of interest. The viewing system has its optical axis perpendicular to the optical axis of the illumination systems such that it images the illuminated portion of the workpiece off-axis from its optical axis. In this manner the entire image illuminated on the workpiece surface is within the same depth-of-field plane of the viewing system, which provides advantages in selecting and designing the optics of the viewing system. In a first embodiment, a conventional wide angle lens is used in which only a portion of the lens is used to form an image. In accordance with a second embodiment, an optimized optical system for the viewing system is provided which images only in the off-axis region where the workpiece image is present. Many forms of the detector may be used including a two dimensional video camera or a translated linear detector array.
摘要翻译： 一种光学结构光轮廓仪，用于沿着感兴趣的特定横截面来评估工件的表面形状。 轮廓仪包括照明光学系统，其沿着感兴趣的横截面将一片光投射到工件表面上。 观察系统的光轴垂直于照明系统的光轴，使得其工件的被照射部分离轴光轴成像。 以这种方式，照射在工件表面上的整个图像在观察系统的相同的景深平面内，这在选择和设计观察系统的光学元件方面提供了优点。 在第一实施例中，使用传统的广角镜头，其中仅使用透镜的一部分来形成图像。 根据第二实施例，提供了用于观察系统的优化光学系统，其仅在工件图像存在的离轴区域中。 可以使用许多形式的检测器，包括二维摄像机或经翻译的线性检测器阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US5367378A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US70565
申请日：1993-06-01
IPC分类号： G01B11/30
CPC分类号： G01N21/8806 , G01B11/306
摘要： A method of evaluating defects in a surface as compared with a reference surface by providing a surface for defect evaluation, illuminating and projecting a pattern of lines on the surface having a periodic configuration with features having a separation period, providing a camera for recording a reflected image of the pattern of lines projected and reflected from the surface, and evaluating and quantifying the image by calculating a slope of a defect observed by the camera using a specified relationship. The distance between the illuminated pattern and the surface are used to calculate the defect slope and a defect depth value is generated using a specified relationship dependent on length of a defect area visually recognizable from the reflected image and the calculated defect slope.
摘要翻译： 一种通过提供用于缺陷评估的表面来评估表面中的缺陷的方法，在具有分离周期的特征的具有周期性构造的表面上照亮和投影线图案，提供用于记录反射的相机 从表面投影和反射的线的图案的图像，以及通过计算由相机使用指定关系观察到的缺陷的斜率来评估和量化图像。 使用照射图案和表面之间的距离来计算缺陷斜率，并且使用取决于从反射图像可视识别的缺陷区域的长度和计算的缺陷斜率的指定关系来生成缺陷深度值。
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公开(公告)号：US4880991A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US349957
申请日：1989-05-05
IPC分类号： G01B11/08 , G01B11/255
CPC分类号： G01B11/255 , G01B11/08
摘要： A non-contact dimensional gage for turned parts which permits in-process gaging for closed loop machine operations. The gage locates three points on the circumference of the cylindrical workpiece which are formed by shadowing the part onto three photo detectors receiving collimated light along three angled optical axes. The photo detectors evaluate the extent of shadowing of the light beams caused by the presence of the workpiece. The output of the photo detectors is a function of the degree of shadowing and accordingly provides a measure of the location of the tangent points of the workpiece. When the workpiece is positioned within the working range of the device such that three of the light beams are partially blocked by the workpiece, the three circumferentially spaced points can be located and consequently the part's diameter can be determined.
摘要翻译： 用于转弯部件的非接触式尺寸规，允许进行闭环机器操作的过程测量。 量具定位在圆柱形工件的圆周上的三个点，这三个点通过将部件遮蔽成三个光电检测器而形成，这三个光电检测器沿着三个成角度的光轴接收准直光。 光电检测器评估由工件的存在引起的光束的遮蔽程度。 光电检测器的输出是遮蔽程度的函数，因此提供了工件切点位置的度量。 当工件位于设备的工作范围内，使得三个光束被工件部分地阻挡时，可以定位三个周向间隔的点，因此可以确定部件的直径。
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公开(公告)号：US4478481A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-23
申请号：US348461
申请日：1982-02-12
摘要： An apparatus for the production of a holographic image of a subject disposed at a subject plane includes a source of coherent light divided by a beamsplitter into a reference beam and a subject beam. The subject beam is directed towards the subject through a beamsplitter and a quarter-wave plate. The front surface of an opaque subject or a mirror behind a transparent subject reflects the subject beam back through the quarter-wave plate to the beamsplitter where it is deflected towards a photo-sensitive recording medium through an imaging lens. The reference beam is simultaneously directed toward the recording medium at a predetermined angle of incidence. After exposure and development of the medium, it is illuminated from the conjugate direction by the redirected reference beam. Image rays exactly retrace their original paths back through the optical system and provide a three-dimensional real-image reconstruction at the subject plane. The images produced may be microscopically examined or studied through optical processing and interferrometric techniques. A method utilizing the above-described apparatus is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 用于制造设置在被摄体平面处的被摄体的全息图像的装置包括由分束器分割成参考光束和被摄体光束的相干光源。 被摄体束通过分束器和四分之一波片指向对象。 不透明物体的前表面或透明物体后面的反射镜将被摄体光束反射回四分之一波片到分束器，在那里它通过成像透镜偏转到光敏记录介质。 参考光束以预定的入射角同时朝向记录介质。 在介质的曝光和显影之后，通过重定向的参考光束从共轭方向照射。 图像光线正好通过光学系统回溯其原始路径，并在主体平面上提供三维实像重建。 所产生的图像可以通过光学加工和干涉测量技术进行微观检查或研究。 还公开了利用上述装置的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06874932B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-05
申请号：US10609812
申请日：2003-06-30
IPC分类号： G01N25/72
CPC分类号： G01N25/72
摘要： A method facilitates inspection of a component surface. The method comprises positioning a surface of the component to be inspected in an optical path of at least one infrared radiation detector, heating the component surface using electromagnetic radiation to cause an increase in radiance from a defect present at the component surface, and detecting temperature variations within the component surface using the at least one infrared radiation detector, such that the surface irradiance is measured at predetermined locations across the component surface. The method further comprises detecting cracks in the component by analyzing radiation transient response data received by the infrared radiation detector, and correlating the temperature variations to the radiation transient response data to determine a depth of the detected cracks.
摘要翻译： 一种方法便于检查部件表面。 该方法包括将待检查的部件的表面定位在至少一个红外辐射检测器的光路中，使用电磁辐射来加热部件表面，以使得从部件表面处存在的缺陷引起的辐射度增加，以及检测温度变化 在所述部件表面内使用所述至少一个红外辐射检测器，使得在组件表面上的预定位置处测量表面辐照度。 该方法还包括通过分析由红外辐射检测器接收的辐射瞬态响应数据来检测部件中的裂纹，并将温度变化与辐射瞬态响应数据相关联以确定检测到的裂纹的深度。
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公开(公告)号：US5835218A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US898647
申请日：1997-07-22
申请人： Kevin G. Harding
发明人： Kevin G. Harding
CPC分类号： G01N21/8806 , G01B11/2441 , G01B11/254
摘要： A moire interferometry system and method are provided for achieving full field surface contouring with an extended depth of view of image. The moire interferometry system includes a projection system generally made up of a light source, imaging lens and a square wave grating pattern. The imaging lens is configured to filter higher order light rays passing through the square wave grating pattern so as to project a sine wave like pattern onto a desired surface. The moire interferometry system also includes a viewing system generally made up of an imaging lens, a submaster grating and a camera. The submaster grating is preferably a customized grating that may be produced by recording a grating pattern in relation to a reference surface. The camera is able to view an image anywhere within the extended depth of image and analyze the moire fringes. A determination of deviation between a test part and a reference surface provides a part inspection system.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种莫尔干涉测量系统和方法，用于实现具有扩展的图像深度的全场表面轮廓。 莫尔干涉测量系统包括通常由光源，成像透镜和方波光栅图案组成的投影系统。 成像透镜被配置为过滤通过方波光栅图案的较高阶光线，以将正弦波状图案投影到期望的表面上。 莫尔干涉测量系统还包括通常由成像透镜，子主格栅和相机组成的观察系统。 子主格栅优选地是可以通过相对于参考表面记录光栅图案而产生的定制光栅。 相机能够在图像的扩展深度的任何地方查看图像，并分析莫尔条纹。 测试部件和参考表面之间的偏差的确定提供了部件检查系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5815272A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US780978
申请日：1997-01-09
申请人： Kevin G. Harding
发明人： Kevin G. Harding
CPC分类号： G01S17/48 , G01S17/89 , G02B5/203 , G01S7/4811
摘要： A filter for a laser gaging system that significantly increases the accuracy of the system when measuring scattering or translucent surfaces by reducing deviations caused by skewed speckle patterns. The filter limits the field of view of the sensor to light rays originating along the detection axis of the laser gaging system, thereby reducing the effects of noise such as halos, star patterns and beat patterns. The filter can comprise a slit filter or preferably a slit filter in combination with a grated filter, such as a tandem holographic filter.
摘要翻译： 用于激光测光系统的过滤器，通过减少由偏斜散斑图形引起的偏差，可以显着提高系统测量散射或半透明表面时的精度。 滤光器将传感器的视野限制在沿着激光测量系统的检测轴线的光线，从而减少诸如光晕，星形图案和拍子图案之类的噪声的影响。 滤波器可以包括狭缝滤波器或优选地与格栅滤波器（例如串联全息滤波器）组合的狭缝滤波器。
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