摘要:
A catalyst comprises an electrically conductive ceramic substrate having at least one noble metal supported thereupon. The substrate may be a transition metal based ceramic such as a carbide, nitride, boride, or silicide of a transition metal, and the noble metal may comprise a mixture of noble metals. The substrate may comprise a high surface area ceramic. Also disclosed are fuel cells incorporating the catalysts.
摘要:
Subassemblies for use in an electrochemical device are provided, as are processes for preparing the subassemblies and electrochemical cells incorporating the subassemblies. In some embodiments, the subassemblies include (a) a first electrode and (b) a separator or a first current collector or both. The first electrode is bonded to the separator or the first current collector or both. In some embodiments, the subassemblies further include a second electrode and a second current collector. In some embodiments, the electrodes or separators are sintered. Bipolar cells are also provided, including a plurality of stacked electrochemical cells that are joined in series. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of each stack include a sintered electrode.
摘要:
A composite material includes a first phase which comprises LixMy(PO4)z wherein M is at least one metal, y and z are independently 0, and x is less than or equal to 1. The material includes a second phase which has an electronic and/or lithium ion conductivity greater than that of the first phase. The material is prepared by heating a starting mixture which includes lithium, iron, a phosphate ion, and a catalyst in a reducing atmosphere. Also disclosed are electrodes which incorporate the material and batteries which utilize those electrodes as cathodes.
摘要翻译:复合材料包括第一相,该第一相包含其中M在一个或多个位置上的Li x 至少一种金属y和z独立地为0,x小于或等于1.该材料包括具有大于第一相电子和/或锂离子电导率的第二相。 通过在还原气氛中加热包括锂,铁,磷酸根离子和催化剂的起始混合物来制备该材料。 还公开了将这些电极用作阴极的材料和电池的电极。
摘要:
Materials useful as electrodes for lithium batteries have very good electronic and ionic conductivities. They are fabricated from a starting mixture which includes a metal, a phosphate ion, and an additive which enhances the transport of lithium ions in the resultant material. The mixture is heated in a reducing environment to produce the material. The additive may comprise a pentavalent metal or a carbon. In certain embodiments the material is a two-phase material. Also disclosed are electrodes which incorporate the materials and lithium batteries which incorporate those electrodes.
摘要:
A transition metal based ceramic material having the general formula Li&agr;M1−&bgr;T&bgr;NxO67, wherein M is a transition metal, T is a dopant metal, and wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to l, &dgr; is 0, or less than or equal to 4; &agr; is less than or equal to 3−x, and &bgr; is less than 1 is disclosed. The ceramic material has utility as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries.
摘要:
Subassemblies for use in an electrochemical device are provided, as are processes for preparing the subassemblies and electrochemical cells incorporating the subassemblies. In some embodiments, the subassemblies include (a) a first electrode and (b) a separator or a first current collector or both. The first electrode is bonded to the separator or the first current collector or both. In some embodiments, the subassemblies further include a second electrode and a second current collector. In some embodiments, the electrodes or separators are sintered. Bipolar cells are also provided, including a plurality of stacked electrochemical cells that are joined in series. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of each stack include a sintered electrode.
摘要:
Materials useful as electrodes for lithium batteries have very good electronic and ionic conductivities. They are fabricated from a starting mixture which includes a metal, a phosphate ion, and an additive which enhances the transport of lithium ions in the resultant material. The mixture is heated in a reducing environment to produce the material. The additive may comprise a pentavalent metal or a carbon. In certain embodiments the material is a two-phase material. Also disclosed are electrodes which incorporate the materials and lithium batteries which incorporate those electrodes.
摘要:
A proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell is prepared from a polyimidazole polymer having the formula: wherein R1-R3 are independently H, a halogen, an alkyl or a substituted alkyl. X1 and X2 are independently or an electron withdrawing group such as CN. The membrane may be doped to alter its conductivity. The membrane may be prepared from a copolymer of the polyimidazole. Also disclosed is a fuel cell incorporating the membrane.
摘要:
A multiphase material comprises a ceramic matrix material having one or more of Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Ag, In, Si and Ge nanodispersed in the matrix. The ceramic matrix is preferably based upon carbides, nitrides and oxides of group IV-VI transition metals taken singly or in combination.
摘要:
Materials useful as electrodes for lithium batteries have very good electronic and ionic conductivities. They are fabricated from a starting mixture which includes a metal, a phosphate ion, and an additive which enhances the transport of lithium ions in the resultant material. The mixture is heated in a reducing environment to produce the material. The additive may comprise a pentavalent metal or a carbon. In certain embodiments the material is a two-phase material. Also disclosed are electrodes which incorporate the materials and lithium batteries which incorporate those electrodes.