摘要:
The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of α,β-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The α,β-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and/or esterification catalysts. The α,β-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and/or amidation catalyst. The source of α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.
摘要:
The invention is directed to the composition and use of substantially water-soluble amphoteric (co)polymers as co-binders for paper and paperboard coating applications.
摘要:
Poly methacrylate copolymers are disclosed which comprising from about 60 to about 96 weight percent of a C12-C16 alkyl methacrylate and from about 40 to about 4 weight percent of a C18-C30 alkyl methacrylate and provide excellent low temperature properties to lubricating oils.
摘要:
The invention is directed to the composition and use of substantially water-soluble amphoteric (co)polymers as co-binders for paper and paperboard coating applications.
摘要:
The invention is directed to the composition and use of substantially water-soluble amphoteric (co)polymers as co-binders for paper and paperboard coating applications.