摘要:
Self-monitoring seals have ends of fiber optic bundle loops mounted in stressed tamper resistant containers. A battery operates microelectronics to change a display in predetermined sequence. Tampering with the container or interrupting or changing the light transmission through the fiber optic bundle disrupts the predetermined display sequence.
摘要:
A fiber optic seal assembly tool has a stripper for stripping a predetermined length of tubing from an end of a fiber optic bundle. The stripped end is inserted in a seal block and the block is gripped in a hand tool. An actuating lever is squeezed, biasing bundle clamps closed, and sliding a grooved anvil toward the block to press a collet chuck which holds the fiber ends into the block. When the collet is pressed into the block, ends of the fibers are sheared by a knife which moves in the anvil opening.
摘要:
A fiber optic bundle is placed through an object to be sealed. Ends of the fibers are spread and threaded through one another in a random dispersion, disorienting the fibers. Randomly reoriented ends are regathered and clamped. A moveable reticle at a light input termini of the fibers creates unique identifiable patterns at the output end of the fibers.
摘要:
A new type of radon progeny monitor called an electret radon progeny integrating sampling unit (E-RPISU) using an electret ion chamber to measure radon progeny concentration. A conventional 1 LPM particulate air sampling system is used to collect the radon progeny on a roughly 3.5 cm2 filter that is mounted on a side of an electret ion chamber such that the collected progeny are exposed to the inside of the chamber. Alpha radiation emitted by the progeny collected on the filter ionizes the air in the approximately 220 ml chamber. Ions of opposite polarity collect on the surface of the electret of suitable thickness and reduce its surface voltage. A specially built surface voltmeter is used to measure the electret voltage before and after sampling. The electret voltage drop that occurs during the sampling period is proportional to the time integrated progeny concentration. A similar unit with a screen in the place of filter is used to measure unattached progeny concentration. Another similar unit without filter is used to provide background response to compute net progeny concentration and also to compute radon concentration.
摘要:
A fiber optic seal having a block with similar fiber spreading inserts and similar fiber combining inserts which terminate in rectangular facial fiber openings. The block is placed on alignment lugs and a rectangular reticle is precisely moved by a micrometer in front of the light source to illuminate the one group of fiber ends. The second group of ends in the block is observed through an observing device mounted in an angle in the housing parallel to a handle which includes a power source.
摘要:
A passive radon surface flux monitor has a dome with an open base having a radial flange and a top opening where an electret can be threaded. Attached to and extending below the open base of the dome is a metal collar that supports the dome when placed on the ground. The collar holds a conductive screen against the radial flange. The conductive screen permits diffusion of gas including radon, thoron, and their daughter products into the dome. A thin paper diaphragm on the conductive screen prevents dust from entering the dome. Sealant seals the connection of the collar, screen, flange, and diaphragm to prevent lateral loss of radon. A collar is pressed partially into the ground at a suitable site and an electret is threaded into the top opening. After a time, the electret is removed and its change in voltage measured.
摘要:
Sources which emit tracer gas at a known constant rate are positioned throughout a building. Samples of air are collected in selected rooms with constant rate adsorbent samplers. Samplers are analyzed in a laboratory to determine the tracer gas concentration during the period sampled, which concentration is compared to the known volume of the building to determine air infiltration rates. The tracer gas emission rate is rendered independent of room temperature by allowing the gas to escape through specially designed orifices which automatically open and close in response to changes in temperature. In one design, an orifice is formed in a material which expands and contracts with variations in temperature surrounded by a second, less elastic material. In another design, the area of an orifice is changed by a needle valve imbedded in a material which expands and contracts with temperature variations to move the needle in and out of the orifice. In another design, a bimetallic coil is positioned in the bottom of a container for adjusting the length of tracer impregnated material projecting out of an opening in the container. In another design, a bimetallic coil slides a valve which opens and closes an orifice in response to temperature changes. In another design, the bimetallic coil in a circular thermometer is connected to a tracer impregnated wire extending through a rim of an enclosure to adjust the length of wire projecting out of the enclosure. An alternative temperature-independent device uses thermostatically controlled enclosures to maintain constant source temperature.
摘要:
Locations of buried deposits containing uranium are determined by detecting the presence of Pb214, Bi214, Po214, Pb210, Bi210 and Po210 in solutions obtained by chemically leaching these elements from rocks and soil. Alpha sensitive films are exposed to the alpha decay of Po214 and Po210. The films, when etched, will reveal the damage caused by the passage of the high energy alpha particles. Alpha damage as a function of sample size, volume of solution used, film area and exposure measures concentration of Po214 and Po210 in the sample. Anomalous concentrations suggest presence of buried deposits containing uranium. Similar anomalous concentrations of alpha damage from Bi212 and Po212 formed in films exposed to foils or planchets from leach solutions containing Pb212, Bi212 and Po212 suggest deposits containing thorium. Plotting normalized alpha damage (numbers of alpha damage per gram, per square mm., per hour) and sample locations suggest mineral deposit locations.
摘要:
Locations of buried deposits containing uranium are determined by detecting the presence of Pb214, Bi214, Po214, Pb210, Bi210 and Po210 in solutions obtained by chemically leaching these elements from rocks and soil. Alpha sensitive nuclear emulsions are exposed to the alpha decay of Po214 and Po210. The emulsions are developed to display alpha tracks. Alpha track population as a function of sample size, volume of solution used, emulsion area and exposure measures concentration of Po214 and Po210 in the sample. Anomalus concentrations suggest presence of buried deposits containing uranium. Similar anomalus concentrations of alpha tracks from Bi212 and Po212 formed in emulsions exposed to leach solutions containing Pb212, Bi212 and Po212 suggest deposits containing thorium. Plotting normalized alpha track population (numbers of alpha tracks per gram, per square mm., per hour) and sample locations suggest mineral deposit locations.
摘要:
A gamma radiation compensated radon measurement system includes a housing and cooperating tube assembly that define a first, larger sensing volume and second, smaller sensing volume, each of which includes an electrically charged electret. When in its operative configuration, the first and second volumes are in communication with one another so that both volumes are exposed to the same radon concentration as well as the same gamma radiation. A partition separates the two sensing volumes so that ions formed in one sensing volume do not enter the other sensing volume. The two electrets are exposed to their respective sensing volumes to accumulate ions at different rates determined by the design characteristics of the two sensing volumes. The response characteristic of each electret/sensing volume combination is mathematically modelled and the radon and/or gamma concentration is be determined by simultaneously solving the characteristic equations for each electret/sensing volume combination.