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公开(公告)号：US06684624B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US09359149
申请日：1999-07-21
IPC分类号： C06B4510
摘要： This invention comprises a new process for developing high regression rate propellants for application to hybrid rockets and solid fuel ramjets. The process involves the use of a criterion to identify propellants which form an unstable liquid layer on the melting surface of the propellant. Entrainment of droplets from the unstable liquid-gas interface can substantially increase propellant mass transfer leading to much higher surface regression rates over those that can be achieved with conventional hybrid propellants. The main reason is that entrainment is not limited by heat transfer to the propellant from the combustion zone. The process has been used to identify a new class of non-cryogenic hybrid fuels whose regression rate characteristics can be tailored for a given mission. The fuel can be used as the basis for a simpler hybrid rocket design with reduced cost, reduced complexity and increased performance.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于开发用于混合火箭和固体燃料雷击的高回归率推进剂的新方法。 该方法涉及使用标准来鉴定在推进剂的熔融表面上形成不稳定液体层的推进剂。 来自不稳定液 - 气界面的液滴的夹带可以显着增加推进剂传质，导致比常规混合推进剂可以实现的更高的表面回归率。 主要原因是夹带不受限于从燃烧区向推进剂的传热。 该过程已被用于确定一类新一代的非低温混合燃料，其回归率特征可以针对特定任务进行调整。 燃料可以用作更简单的混合火箭设计的基础，降低成本，降低复杂性并提高性能。
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公开(公告)号：US06880326B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-19
申请号：US09505516
申请日：2000-02-17
摘要： This invention comprises a new process for developing high regression rate propellants for application to hybrid rockets and solid fuel ramjets. The process involves the use of a criterion to identify propellants which form an unstable liquid layer on the melting surface of the propellant. Entrainment of droplets from the unstable liquid-gas interface can substantially increase propellant mass transfer leading to much higher surface regression rates over those that can be achieved with conventional hybrid propellants. The main reason is that entrainment is not limited by heat transfer to the propellant from the combustion zone. The process has been used to identify a new class of non-cryogenic hybrid fuels whose regression rate characteristics can be tailored for a given mission. The fuel can be used as the basis for a simpler hybrid rocket design with reduced cost, reduced complexity and increased performance.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于开发用于混合火箭和固体燃料雷击的高回归率推进剂的新方法。 该方法涉及使用标准来鉴定在推进剂的熔融表面上形成不稳定液体层的推进剂。 来自不稳定液 - 气界面的液滴的夹带可以显着增加推进剂传质，导致比常规混合推进剂可以实现的更高的表面回归率。 主要原因是夹带不受限于从燃烧区向推进剂的传热。 该过程已被用于确定一类新一代的非低温混合燃料，其回归率特征可以针对特定任务进行调整。 燃料可以用作更简单的混合火箭设计的基础，降低成本，降低复杂性并提高性能。
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3.发明授权Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide 有权微生物生产一氧化二氮与一氧化二氮气化学反应公开(公告)号：US08932848B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-13
申请号：US13066911
申请日：2011-04-27
申请人： Brian J. Cantwell , Craig S. Criddle , Yaniv D. Scherson , George F. Wells , Xing Xie , Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
发明人： Brian J. Cantwell , Craig S. Criddle , Yaniv D. Scherson , George F. Wells , Xing Xie , Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
IPC分类号： C01B21/22 , C01B21/00 , C01B21/02 , C02F3/30 , C01B13/02 , C02F3/34 , C02F3/12 , C02F101/16 , C02F103/06 , C02F103/26 , C02F103/36
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas.Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane. The bioreactor may have various designs including a two-stage bioreactor, a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor, or a sequencing batch reactor. The bioreactor may involve Fe(II)-mediated reduction of nitrite to nitrous oxide.
摘要翻译： 设计用于从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮产生N 2 O的生物反应器被耦合到硬化反应器装置中，其中N 2 O在气相化学反应（例如催化分解）中消耗以形成氧和氮气。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。 生物反应器可以具有各种设计，包括两级生物反应器，中空纤维膜生物反应器或排序间歇反应器。 生物反应器可能涉及Fe（II）介导的将亚硝酸盐还原成一氧化二氮。
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4.发明申请Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide 有权微生物生产一氧化二氮与一氧化二氮气化学反应公开(公告)号：US20110207061A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-25
申请号：US13066911
申请日：2011-04-27
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas.Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane. The bioreactor may have various designs including a two-stage bioreactor, a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor, or a sequencing batch reactor. The bioreactor may involve Fe(II)-mediated reduction of nitrite to nitrous oxide.
摘要翻译： 设计用于从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮产生N 2 O的生物反应器被耦合到硬化反应器装置中，其中N 2 O在气相化学反应（例如催化分解）中消耗以形成氧和氮气。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。 生物反应器可以具有各种设计，包括两级生物反应器，中空纤维膜生物反应器或排序间歇反应器。 生物反应器可能涉及Fe（II）介导的将亚硝酸盐还原成一氧化二氮。
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5.发明授权Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide including phosphorus recovery and nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide 有权一氧化二氮的微生物生产与氧化亚氮的化学反应相结合，包括磷回收和亚硝酸盐还原成一氧化二氮公开(公告)号：US08932849B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-13
申请号：US13586398
申请日：2012-08-15
IPC分类号： C01B21/22 , C01B21/00 , C01B21/02 , C02F3/30 , C01B13/02 , C02F3/34 , C02F3/12 , C02F101/16 , C02F103/06 , C02F103/26 , C02F103/36
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/301 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , C12P3/00 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A method to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste uses a bioreactor coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.
摘要翻译： 从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮中产生N2O的方法使用与硬化反应器装置相连的生物反应器，其中N2O在气相化学反应中被消耗，例如催化分解以形成氧和氮气。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。
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6.发明授权Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide 有权微生物生产一氧化二氮与一氧化二氮气化学反应公开(公告)号：US08932847B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-13
申请号：US12799677
申请日：2010-04-28
IPC分类号： C01B21/22 , C01B21/00 , C01B21/02 , C02F3/30 , C01B13/02 , C02F3/34 , C02F3/12 , C02F101/16 , C02F103/06 , C02F103/26 , C02F103/36
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The bioreactor may use communities of autotrophic microorganisms such as those capable of nitrifier denitrification, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and/or ammonia oxidizing archaea. A portion of the N2O dissolved in aqueous effluent from the bioreactor may be separated to increase the amount of gas phase N2O product. The amount of the gas phase N2O in a gas stream may also be concentrated prior to undergoing the chemical reaction. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.
摘要翻译： 设计用于从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮产生N 2 O的生物反应器耦合到其中N 2 O在气相化学反应（例如催化分解）中消耗以形成氧和氮气的硬件反应器装置。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 生物反应器可以使用自养微生物群体，例如能够硝化反硝化的氨基氧化细菌和/或氨氧化古细菌。 可以分离溶解在来自生物反应器的水性流出物中的一部分N2O以增加气相N2O产物的量。 气流中的气相N2O的量也可以在进行化学反应之前被浓缩。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。
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7.发明申请Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide including phosphorus recovery and nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide 有权一氧化二氮的微生物生产与氧化亚氮的化学反应相结合，包括磷回收和亚硝酸盐还原成一氧化二氮公开(公告)号：US20120309071A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-06
申请号：US13586398
申请日：2012-08-15
IPC分类号： C12P3/00
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/301 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , C12P3/00 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A method to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste uses a bioreactor coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.
摘要翻译： 从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮中产生N2O的方法使用与硬化反应器装置相连的生物反应器，其中N2O在气相化学反应中被消耗，例如催化分解以形成氧和氮气。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。
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8.发明申请Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide 有权微生物生产一氧化二氮与一氧化二氮气化学反应公开(公告)号：US20100272626A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-28
申请号：US12799677
申请日：2010-04-28
申请人： Brian J. Cantwell , Craig S. Criddle , Kevin Lohner , Yaniv D. Scherson , George F. Wells , Bernard H. Johnson, IV , Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell , Xing Xie
发明人： Brian J. Cantwell , Craig S. Criddle , Kevin Lohner , Yaniv D. Scherson , George F. Wells , Bernard H. Johnson, IV , Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell , Xing Xie
CPC分类号： C01B21/02 , C01B13/0203 , C01B21/22 , C02F3/1263 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/302 , C02F3/34 , C02F2101/16 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/26 , C02F2103/365 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2209/34 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The bioreactor may use communities of autotrophic microorganisms such as those capable of nitrifier denitrification, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and/or ammonia oxidizing archaea. A portion of the N2O dissolved in aqueous effluent from the bioreactor may be separated to increase the amount of gas phase N2O product. The amount of the gas phase N2O in a gas stream may also be concentrated prior to undergoing the chemical reaction. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.
摘要翻译： 设计用于从废弃物中的有机氮和/或活性氮产生N 2 O的生物反应器被耦合到硬化反应器装置，其中N 2 O在气相化学反应中被消耗，例如催化分解以形成氧和氮气。 来自放热反应的热量可用于发电。 生物反应器可以使用自养微生物群体，例如能够硝化反硝化的氨基氧化细菌和/或氨氧化古细菌。 可以分离溶解在来自生物反应器的水性流出物中的一部分N2O以增加气相N2O产物的量。 气流中的气相N2O的量也可以在进行化学反应之前被浓缩。 可替代地，N 2 O可用作燃烧反应中的氧化剂或助氧化剂，例如甲烷的燃烧。
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