摘要:
A liquid display that has a plurality of adjacent parallel tubes filled with a fluid and connected to a source of air that introduces bubbles into the tubes, so that the combination of bubbles form a word, or another recognizable graphic display. Each tube has a valve connected to the air supply, that controls the duration and flowrate of air injected into the tube so that a single bubble is formed within the tube. The valves are connected to a computer that opens and closes each valve to produce a pattern of bubbles in accordance with a computer program within the computer. The program creates a combination of bubbles that together depict a legible design or display.
摘要:
A water device that can display predetermined patterns that form letters, numbers, pictures or other visually apparent figures. The water display has a shallow pool of water with a flat bottom surface, that has a plurality of holes spaced apart in a grid like fashion. The holes are connected to a source of air that introduces bubbles into the pool. The air exits the water in such a manner as to leave a visually distinguishable mark or impression in the pool. The bubbles are combined and patterned into an identifiable figure such as a word or a set of numbers. Each hole has a solenoid valve that allows air to flow into the pool when the solenoid is energized. The valves are connected to a computer that selects which holes are to release air and when the bubbles are to be released. The actuation of the valves can be selected and sequenced in accordance with the operating instructions of a computer program, that produce a pattern of bubbles to create the desired form on the surface of the pool.
摘要:
An optical amplifier comprises a doped fiber core and a cladding layer surrounding the core. The mode field diameter of the fiber is greater than 8 μm and the refractive index difference between the core and the cladding layer is selected such that the cut-off wavelength at which the fiber becomes single mode lies in the range 1000-1550 nm. This amplifier uses a large made field diameter fiber, which reduces the intensity for a specified output power. This results in reduced filtering of the low frequency components of the signal. The refractive index difference between the core and cladding is selected such that the fiber is multi-mode at 980 nm, which enables bend performance to be improved.
摘要:
An optical waveguide format tuneable optical filter is formed using Bragg grating reflectors to define one or more optical cavities of a Fabry Pérot etalon, the or each cavity of the etalon including one or more slots containing a controllable refractive index medium, for instance a silicone gel whose index is regulated by Joule heating, or a polymer dispersed liquid crystal whose index is electric field regulated. Strong coupling coefficient (˜ a few tens mm−1) gratings may be made using lithography to form linear arrays of buried high index inclusions extending along the waveguide core axis.
摘要:
In a WDM transmission system carrying amplitude modulated traffic in which significant cross-phase modulation occurs, each of the individual channels is pre-chirped at the transmitter with replicas, or low-pass filtered replicas of the amplitude modulation applied to each of the other channels. Prechirping of each individual channel with a replica of the amplitude modulation applied to that channel may be added in order additionally to provide compensation for self-phase modulation.
摘要:
An Optical Transmission System includes a monitor for outputting monitored data representative of the extent to which an optical signal is degraded by polarization mode dispersion. The monitor measures the degree of depolarization present in a sample of the optical signal derived from an optical tap, the depolarization being associated with polarization variation at the bit rate frequency of a signal data stream carried by the optical signal. The monitored data is used to control operation of the system to reroute the optical path taken by the optical signal in the event of a threshold level of polarization mode dispersion being exceeded. A transmitter of the optical signal may also be controlled to minimize polarization mode dispersion by varying the polarization state of the optical signal at launch so as to reduce the measured monitor data. The monitor functions during normal transmission of optical signals without the need for shutting down links of the system for measurement purposes. The invention has particular application to long haul optical transmissions of data streams at 10 Gb/sec or more.
摘要:
An optical communications system has a plurality of spans between a transmitter and a receiver. The receiver has optical to electrical conversion circuitry for converting the received optical signal to an electric signal, analogue to digital conversion circuitry and digital signal processing means for analysing the electrical digital signal. The digital signal processing means derives information concerning characteristics of individual spans from the electrical digital signal. This enables parameters such as per-span variations in provisioned power, local dispersion and span loss to be measured. In-service measurements of system characteristics can be used to enable optimisation of the network operation.
摘要:
A 3D scanning apparatus configured to image a physical entity comprises a radiation projector for projecting a plurality of radiation stripes onto the physical entity, a detector for detecting striped radiation received from the physical entity; and a data storage device for storing the received radiation as a pixellated bitmap image, the apparatus characterised in that the physical entity, the radiation projector and the detector are geometrically arranged to constrain the number of times that each received stripe is permitted to occur in a given pixel row of the bitmap, the geometrica) constraint determining a stored occlusion classification comprising a plurality of types of occlusions and the apparatus additionally comprising an occlusion type processing means configured to utilise the classification for detecting the various types of occlusions in said received image data.