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    REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT
    1.
    发明申请
    REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT 审中-公开
    制冷电路

    公开(公告)号：US20110146313A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-23

    申请号：US13003207

    申请日：2009-07-02

    申请人： Oliver Finckh ,  Tobias H. Sienel ,  Markus Hafkemeyer ,  Christoph Kren ,  Rainer Schrey

    发明人： Oliver Finckh ,  Tobias H. Sienel ,  Markus Hafkemeyer ,  Christoph Kren ,  Rainer Schrey

    IPC分类号： F25D17/06 ,  F25D17/02 ,  F25B43/00 ,  F25B1/10

    CPC分类号： F25B49/027 ,  F25B1/10 ,  F25B9/008 ,  F25B2309/061 ,  F25B2400/01 ,  F25B2400/04 ,  F25B2400/22 ,  F25B2400/23 ,  F25B2500/31 ,  F25B2700/04 ,  F25B2700/2109

    摘要： A refrigeration circuit has a mono- or multi-component refrigerant, especially CO2, circulating therein, said refrigeration circuit enabling an transcritical operation, said refrigeration circuit comprising, in the direction of refrigerant flow, a compressor unit, a condenser/gascooler, a high pressure control valve, a collecting container, and at least one evaporator having an expansion device connected upstream thereof, wherein a flashgas line having a medium pressure control valve arranged therein is provided between an upper portion of the collecting container and the suction line leading to the compressor unit, wherein a temperature, pressure or liquid level sensor is provided in or at the collecting container, wherein a bypass line having a medium pressure holding valve arranged therein is provided connecting the line between the condenser/gascooler and the high pressure control valve to the line between the collecting container and the expansion device(s), and wherein a control unit is provided said control unit being configured to open the medium pressure holding valve when the temperature or pressure in the collecting container sensed by the sensor falls below a predetermined threshold or the liquid level in the collecting container sensed by the sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold, such that the medium pressure is prevented from decreasing.

    摘要翻译： 制冷回路具有在其中循环的单组分或多组分制冷剂，特别是二氧化碳，所述制冷回路能够进行跨临界操作，所述制冷回路在制冷剂流动的方向上包括压缩机单元，冷凝器/冷却器，高压 压力控制阀，收集容器以及具有连接在其上游的膨胀装置的至少一个蒸发器，其中设置有中压控制阀的闪蒸管线设置在收集容器的上部与通向 压缩机单元，其中在所述收集容器中或所述收集容器中设置有温度，压力或液位传感器，其中设置有布置在其中的具有中压保持阀的旁路管线，其将所述冷凝器/冷却器和所述高压控制阀之间的管线连接到 收集容器和膨胀装置之间的线，并且其中控制 设置所述控制单元，当所述传感器感测到的所述收集容器中的温度或压力低于预定阈值或由所述传感器感测到的所述收集容器中的液位超过预定阈值时，打开所述中压保持阀， 从而防止介质压力下降。

    COMPRESSOR FOR A REFRIGERATION CYCLE, REFRIGERATION CYCLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME
    2.
    发明申请
    COMPRESSOR FOR A REFRIGERATION CYCLE, REFRIGERATION CYCLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME 审中-公开
    用于制冷循环的压缩机，制冷循环及其操作方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110081254A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-07

    申请号：US12937501

    申请日：2008-06-12

    申请人： Markus Hafkemeyer ,  Tobias H. Sienel

    发明人： Markus Hafkemeyer ,  Tobias H. Sienel

    IPC分类号： F04B49/00

    CPC分类号： F25B31/002 ,  F04B39/0207 ,  F04B39/023 ,  F04B39/0269

    摘要： A compressor (2) for a refrigeration cycle according to the invention comprises an inlet port (6), a compression element (10), an outlet port (18), wherein in operation a refrigerant flow (20) of a gaseous refrigerant carrying an amount of oil circulates through the inlet port (6), the compression element (10) and the outlet port (18), and an oil sump (8) in which part of the oil carried by the gaseous refrigerant collects. An oil circulation rate enhancement feature (16) is provided being configured so as to direct oil from the oil sump (8) to the refrigerant flow (20), when the oil in the oil sump (8) exceeds a predetermined oil sump level (24).

    摘要翻译： 根据本发明的用于制冷循环的压缩机（2）包括入口端口（6），压缩元件（10），出口端口（18），其中在运行中，气态制冷剂的制冷剂流（20） 油的数量通过入口（6），压缩元件（10）和出口（18）循环;以及油池（8），其中部分由气态制冷剂收集的油。 提供了一种油循环率增强特征（16），其被配置为当油底壳（8）中的油超过预定的油底壳水平面（8）时将油从油底壳（8）引导到制冷剂流（20） 24）。

    Thermoelectric heat exchanger
    3.
    发明授权
    Thermoelectric heat exchanger 有权
    热电换热器

    公开(公告)号：US08378205B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

    申请号：US11540051

    申请日：2006-09-29

    申请人： Tobias H. Sienel

    发明人： Tobias H. Sienel

    IPC分类号： H01L35/00 ,  H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/28 ,  H01L35/30 ,  H01L37/00

    CPC分类号： H01L35/30

    摘要： A thermoelectric effects materials based energy transduction device, for selectively providing conversions between electrical and thermal energies having interleaved n-type conductivity material layers having thermoelectric effects properties and a first plurality of p-type conductivity material layers each having thermoelectric effects properties. There is a first plurality of passageway structures each being thermally conductive and each having passageways therethrough extending between two sides thereof with such a passageway structure from this first plurality thereof positioned between members of each overlapped pair of succeeding layers.

    摘要翻译： 一种基于热电效应材料的能量转换装置，用于选择性地提供具有具有热电效应特性的交错n型导电材料层的电和热能之间的转换以及各自具有热电效应特性的第一多个p型导电材料层。 存在第一多个通道结构，每个通道结构都是导热的，并且每个通道结构都具有穿过其两侧之间的通道，其中该第一多个通道结构位于每个重叠的一对后续层的构件之间。

    Heat Exchanger Arrangement
    6.
    发明申请
    Heat Exchanger Arrangement 审中-公开
    换热器排列

    公开(公告)号：US20080184713A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-07

    申请号：US11908408

    申请日：2005-12-30

    申请人： Hans-Joachim Huff ,  Tobias H. Sienel ,  Yu Chen ,  Parmesh Verma

    发明人： Hans-Joachim Huff ,  Tobias H. Sienel ,  Yu Chen ,  Parmesh Verma

    IPC分类号： F25B1/00 ,  F25B41/06

    CPC分类号： F28D1/0477 ,  F25B6/04 ,  F25B9/008 ,  F25B2309/061 ,  F25D19/02 ,  F25D23/003 ,  F25D2317/0651 ,  F25D2317/0661 ,  F25D2323/00264 ,  F25D2323/00271 ,  F25D2500/02 ,  F28F1/122 ,  F28F1/32 ,  F28F9/262

    摘要： A refrigeration system includes a compressor for driving a refrigerant along a flow path in at least a first mode of system operation; a first heat exchanger along the flow path downstream of the compressor in the first mode; a second heat exchanger along the flow path upstream of the compressor in the first mode; and a pressure regulator or expansion device in the flow path downstream of the first heat exchanger and upstream of the second heat exchanger in the first mode, wherein the first heat exchanger is positioned within a housing which defines a flow path for heat exchange fluid and the housing defines a zone of reduced flow area along the flow path, and wherein the first heat exchanger is positioned in the zone of reduced flow area.

    摘要翻译： 制冷系统包括用于在至少第一系统操作模式中沿着流动路径驱动制冷剂的压缩机; 沿第一模式的压缩机下游的流动路径的第一热交换器; 在所述第一模式中沿着所述压缩机的上游的所述流动路径的第二热交换器; 以及在第一模式中在第一热交换器下游和第二热交换器的上游的流动路径中的压力调节器或膨胀装置，其中第一热交换器定位在限定用于热交换流体的流动路径的壳体内， 壳体限定沿着流动路径减小的流动面积的区域，并且其中第一热交换器定位在减小流动面积的区域中。

    Method for extracting carbon dioxide for use as a refrigerant in a vapor compression system
    7.
    发明授权
    Method for extracting carbon dioxide for use as a refrigerant in a vapor compression system 有权
    蒸汽压缩系统中用作制冷剂的二氧化碳提取方法

    公开(公告)号：US06925821B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-09

    申请号：US10725896

    申请日：2003-12-02

    申请人： Tobias H. Sienel

    发明人： Tobias H. Sienel

    IPC分类号： B60H1/32 ,  F25B9/00 ,  F25B45/00

    CPC分类号： B60H1/3225 ,  F25B9/008 ,  F25B45/00 ,  F25B2309/06 ,  F25B2345/001 ,  F25B2700/04

    摘要： Carbon dioxide refrigerant is circulated through a vapor compression system including a compressor, a gas cooler, an expansion device, and an evaporator. Carbon dioxide is extracted from a vehicle exhaust stream that includes combustion products of burned hydrocarbon fuel. The extracted carbon dioxide is used to supplement the initial supply of carbon dioxide refrigerant to maintain a desired (or predetermined) level of refrigerant in the system. The system includes a sensor assembly that measures and monitors the amount of refrigerant in the system. In one example, the extracted carbon dioxide is automatically added to the system from a storage tank when a sensor detects that the amount of carbon dioxide refrigerant in the system is below a threshold value. In another example, the extracted carbon dioxide is directly added to the system, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is purged from the system when a sensor detects that the amount of carbon dioxide in the system exceeds a threshold value.

    摘要翻译： 二氧化碳制冷剂通过包括压缩机，气体冷却器，膨胀装置和蒸发器的蒸气压缩系统循环。 从包括燃烧的烃燃料的燃烧产物的车辆废气流中提取二氧化碳。 提取的二氧化碳用于补充初始供应的二氧化碳制冷剂以在系统中保持期望（或预定）的制冷剂水平。 该系统包括传感器组件，其测量和监测系统中的制冷剂的量。 在一个实例中，当传感器检测到系统中的二氧化碳制冷剂的量低于阈值时，将提取的二氧化碳自动地从储罐添加到系统中。 在另一个实例中，当传感器检测到系统中二氧化碳的量超过阈值时，将提取的二氧化碳直接添加到系统中，并且从系统中清除二氧化碳制冷剂。

    High pressure regulation in transcritical vapor compression cycles
    8.
    发明授权
    High pressure regulation in transcritical vapor compression cycles 有权
    跨临界蒸气压缩循环中的高压调节

    公开(公告)号：US06418735B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

    申请号：US09713094

    申请日：2000-11-15

    申请人： Tobias H. Sienel

    发明人： Tobias H. Sienel

    IPC分类号： F25B3904

    CPC分类号： F25B49/027 ,  F25B6/02 ,  F25B9/008 ,  F25B2309/061 ,  F25B2400/16 ,  F25B2600/17 ,  F25B2600/2503 ,  F25B2700/195

    摘要： A valve located at the exit of at least one of two circuits in a gas cooler in a vapor compression system controls the high pressure of the system. The high pressure of the system can be regulated by controlling the actuation of the valve. Closing the valve will accumulate and store charge in the gas cooler, increasing the pressure in the gas cooler. Opening the valve will release charge and reduce the gas cooler pressure. By controlling the actuation of the valve, the high pressure component of the system can be regulated, also regulating the enthalpy of the system to achieve optimal efficiency and/or capacity. Carbon dioxide is preferably used as the refrigerant.

    摘要翻译： 位于蒸气压缩系统中的气体冷却器中的两个回路中的至少一个出口处的阀控制系统的高压。 可以通过控制阀的启动来调节系统的高压。 关闭阀门将积聚并储存在气体冷却器中的电量，增加气体冷却器中的压力。 打开阀门将释放电荷并降低气体冷却器的压力。 通过控制阀的启动，可以调节系统的高压部件，同时调节系统的焓以达到最佳的效率和/或容量。 二氧化碳优选用作制冷剂。

    Defrost mode for HVAC heat pump systems
    10.
    发明授权
    Defrost mode for HVAC heat pump systems 有权
    HVAC热泵系统的除霜模式

    公开(公告)号：US07707842B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-05-04

    申请号：US11744339

    申请日：2007-05-04

    申请人： Julio Concha ,  Yu Chen ,  Young Kyu Park ,  Tobias H. Sienel

    发明人： Julio Concha ,  Yu Chen ,  Young Kyu Park ,  Tobias H. Sienel

    IPC分类号： F25D21/06

    CPC分类号： F25B30/02 ,  F25B47/022 ,  F25B2339/047 ,  F25B2400/0403 ,  F25B2500/18 ,  F25B2500/19 ,  F25B2700/133 ,  F25B2700/2106 ,  F25B2700/21151

    摘要： A heat pump, and in particular a heat pump for heating a hot water supply is provided with an improved defrost mode. The defrost mode is actuated to remove frost from an outdoor evaporator that may accumulate during cold weather operation. An algorithm for operation of the defrost mode is developed experimentally by seeking to maximize the heat transfer provided by the refrigerant. A heating system condition is experimentally related to the heat transfer capacity. One then maximizes the average heat transfer capacity to determine the optimum initiation point for the defrost mode. Further, protections are included into the defrost mode. When the heat pump is utilized to heat hot water, methods are provided to prevent the water that remains in the heat exchanger from becoming unduly heated. In one method, the water pump may be periodically operated to move the water. In a second method, a control ensures the discharge pressure of the refrigerant leaving the compressor is reduced, and that the water pump is not stopped until that reduced temperature falls below a predetermined maximum. The temperature reduction is achieved through a dual control loop wherein a temperature that is too high results in a new desired discharge pressure. The control achieves the new desired pressure by controlling the expansion device. In another protection feature, as a control determines that the defrost mode is nearing its end, an evaporator fan is run to remove melted water from the evaporator coils, and also to ensure the refrigerant leaving the evaporator does not reach unduly high pressure or temperatures.

    摘要翻译： 具有改进的除霜模式的热泵，特别是用于加热热水源的热泵。 启动除霜模式以从室外蒸发器中除霜，这可能会在寒冷天气下运行时积聚。 通过试图使制冷剂提供的热传递最大化，实验地开发了除霜模式的操作算法。 加热系统条件实验上与传热能力有关。 然后将平均传热能力最大化，以确定除霜模式的最佳起始点。 此外，保护被包括在除霜模式中。 当使用热泵来加热热水时，提供了防止热交换器中残留的水变得过度加热的方法。 在一种方法中，水泵可以周期性地操作以移动水。 在第二种方法中，控制器确保离开压缩机的制冷剂的排放压力降低，并且水泵不停止，直到降低的温度降到预定的最大值以下。 通过双重控制回路实现温度降低，其中太高的温度导致新的期望排出压力。 该控制通过控制膨胀装置实现新的期望压力。 在另一个保护特征中，当控制器确定除霜模式接近其结束时，运行蒸发器风扇以从蒸发器盘管去除熔化的水，并且还确保离开蒸发器的制冷剂不会达到过高的压力或温度。