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    Toner aggregation processes
    1.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5496676A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-05

    申请号：US411196

    申请日：1995-03-27

    申请人： Melvin D. Croucher ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Bernard Grushkin

    发明人： Melvin D. Croucher ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Bernard Grushkin

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, ionic surfactant, and optional charge control agent;(ii) mixing at least two resins in the form of latexes, each latex comprising a resin, ionic and nonionic surfactants and optionally a charge control agent, and wherein the ionic surfactant has a countercharge to the ionic surfactant of (i) to obtain a latex blend;(iii) shearing said pigment dispersion with the latex blend of (ii) comprised of resins, counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blends of (iii) below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) subsequently adding further anionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth of the bound aggregates (vi);(vi) heating said bound aggregates above about the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin to form stable toner particles; and optionally(vii) separating and drying the toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种方法，包括：（i）制备由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的颜料分散体; （ii）混合至少两种胶乳形式的树脂，每种胶乳包含树脂，离子和非离子表面活性剂以及任选的电荷控制剂，并且其中所述离子表面活性剂与（i）的离子表面活性剂相反，以获得 胶乳混合物 （iii）用（ii）由树脂构成的胶乳混合物剪切所述颜料分散体，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂; （iv）将上述（iii）的剪切混合物加热到约树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（v）随后加入另外的阴离子表面活性剂溶液以使结合的聚集体（vi）的进一步生长最小化。 （vi）将所述结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度Tg以形成稳定的调色剂颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥调色剂。

    Toner aggregation process
    2.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation process 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5370964A

    公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

    申请号：US158343

    申请日：1993-11-29

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at about 450 to about 800 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(vi) adding further ionic or nonionic surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (vii); and(vii) heating the formed statically bound aggregated particles of (vi) about above the Tg of the resin to provide coalesced particles of toner(viii) separating said toner; and(ix) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂的聚合胶乳剪切颜料分散体，并且该胶乳含有非离子表面活性剂，从而形成均匀或均匀的共混物; （iii）在树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）附近加热上述剪切均匀混合物以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）重新研磨上述静电结合的调色剂聚集体（iii）以将（iii）的所述调色剂聚集体碎裂或分解成更小的平均直径粒径; （v）在低于约玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的树脂下，将所形成的由树脂，颜料颗粒和离子型，抗衡离子和非离子表面活性剂组成的剪切的均匀混合物（iv）加热至约450至约 800转/分钟，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）以约0.1至约10重量％的水加入另外的离子或非离子表面活性剂以最小化在聚结步骤（vii）中颗粒的进一步生长或增大; （vii）将所形成的静态结合的（vi）聚集的颗粒加热到树脂的Tg附近，以提供聚结的调色剂颗粒（viii）分离所述调色剂; 和（ix）干燥所述调色剂。

    Toner aggregation processes
    3.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5366841A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

    申请号：US129476

    申请日：1993-09-30

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    IPC分类号： G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0812 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex blend comprised of resin particles, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a uniform dispersion of solids in the water, and surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a critical temperature region about equal to or above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, while continuously stirring, to form electrostatically bounded toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution and wherein said critical temperature is from about 0.degree. C. to about 10.degree. C. above the resin Tg, and wherein the resin Tg is from about 30.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. and preferably in the range of from about 45.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C.;(iv) heating the statically bound aggregated particles from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin particles to provide a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent; and(v) optionally separating and drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂颗粒，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳混合物剪切颜料分散体，从而引起所形成的颜料，树脂颗粒的絮凝或异凝 和电荷控制剂以形成均匀的固体在水中的分散体和表面活性剂; （iii）在连续搅拌的同时在约等于或高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的临界温度区域加热上述剪切共混物，以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电有界调色剂尺寸聚集体，并且其中所述临界 温度在树脂Tg以上约0℃至约10℃，并且其中树脂Tg为约30℃至约65℃，优选为约45℃至约45℃ 约65℃。 （iv）将静态结合的聚集颗粒加热到高于树脂颗粒的Tg的约10℃至约45℃，以提供由聚合树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物; 和（v）任选地分离和干燥所述调色剂。

    Fluorescent toner processes
    4.
    发明授权
    Fluorescent toner processes 失效
    荧光调色剂工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5554480A

    公开(公告)日：1996-09-10

    申请号：US299392

    申请日：1994-09-01

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  H. Bruce Goodbrand ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  James M. Duff

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  H. Bruce Goodbrand ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  James M. Duff

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/09 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0926

    摘要： A process for the preparation of fluorescent toner compositions comprising(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in a solvent, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment or dye, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex mixture comprised of a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and resin particles, thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of pigment, resin particles and charge control agent to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and(iii) heating the statically bound aggregated particles to form said toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent, and wherein the pigment or dye is excitable by ultraviolet light in the frequency range of from about 254 to about 366 nanometers and fluoresces in the visible spectrum of from about 400 to about 700 nanometers.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备荧光调色剂组合物的方法，包括（i）在溶剂中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料或染料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用包含与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂，非离子表面活性剂和树脂颗粒的胶乳混合物剪切颜料分散体，从而引起颜料，树脂颗粒和电荷的絮凝或杂合 控制剂形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iii）加热静态结合的聚集颗粒以形成由聚合物树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的所述调色剂组合物，并且其中颜料或染料可以通过紫外光在约254至约366的频率范围内激发 纳米，并且在约400至约700纳米的可见光谱中发荧光。

    Toner aggregation processes
    5.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5391456A

    公开(公告)日：1995-02-21

    申请号：US203095

    申请日：1994-02-28

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    IPC分类号： G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/09

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) forming a dispersion of resin in an aqueous ionic surfactant solution;(ii) preparing pigment dispersions in water of three different pigments each of a dissimilar color, each dispersion being comprised of a pigment dispersed in water and which preparation utilizes nonionic dispersants, and optionally an ionic surfactant;(iii) blending the prepared resin dispersed as a latex with two, or optionally three of the different color pigment dispersions of step (ii);(iv) adding an aqueous solution of counterionic surfactant as a coagulant to the formed resin-pigment blends, while continuously subjecting the mixture to high shear, to induce a homogeneous gel of the flocculated resin-pigments blend;(v) heating the above sheared gel at temperatures between about 20.degree. C. and about 5.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at speeds between about 200 and about 500 revolutions per minute to form statically bound toner sized aggregates between about 2 and about 12 microns in average volume diameter with a narrow size dispersity and with a geometric size distribution (GSD) between 1.10 and 1.25;(vi) heating the statically bound aggregated particles at temperatures of from between 25.degree. C. and 40.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin to form coalesced rigid particles of a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, and pigment agent; and optionally(vii) separating and drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在离子表面活性剂水溶液中形成树脂分散体; （ii）将颜料分散体在三种不同颜色的不同颜料的水中制备，每种分散体由分散在水中的颜料组成，并且该制剂使用非离子分散剂和任选的离子表面活性剂; （iii）将作为胶乳分散的制备的树脂与步骤（ii）的两种或任选三种不同颜色的颜料分散体共混; （iv）在形成的树脂 - 颜料混合物中加入作为凝结剂的抗衡离子表面活性剂的水溶液，同时连续地对混合物进行高剪切，以诱导絮凝的树脂 - 颜料混合物的均匀凝胶; （v）在约20℃至约5℃的温度下将树脂加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，同时以约200至约500转/分钟的速度连续搅拌以形成静态 平均体积直径约2至约12微米的结合的调色剂尺寸的聚集体具有窄尺寸分散度和1.10至1.25之间的几何尺寸分布（GSD）; （vi）在树脂的Tg高于25℃至40℃的温度下加热静态结合的聚集颗粒，以形成由聚合物树脂和颜料剂组成的调色剂组合物的聚结刚性颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥所述调色剂。

    Liquid developers and toner aggregation processes
    6.
    发明授权
    Liquid developers and toner aggregation processes 失效
    液体显影剂和调色剂聚集过程

    公开(公告)号：US5536615A

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

    申请号：US498206

    申请日：1995-07-05

    申请人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Peter G. Odell ,  Bernard Grushkin ,  George A. Gibson

    发明人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Peter G. Odell ,  Bernard Grushkin ,  George A. Gibson

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/12 ,  G03G9/135 ,  G03G9/13

    CPC分类号： G03G9/12 ,  G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0819 ,  G03G9/1355

    摘要： A process for the preparation of liquid developers comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and optionally adding further anionic, or nonionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(iii) heating the above resulting sheared aqueous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles in an aqueous medium and which particles possess a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) separating from the aqueous medium toner particles of resin and pigment, and dispersing said toner particles in a carrier fluid.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于制备液体显影剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用包含非离子表面活性剂，树脂和抗衡离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，所述非离子表面活性剂，树脂和所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性与所述离子表面活性剂具有相反的电荷极性， （iii）中得到的聚集体; （iii）将上述所得的剪切含水混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度以形成具有窄粒度分布的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以在水性介质中形成调色剂颗粒，并且该颗粒具有窄的粒度分布; 和（v）从水性介质中分离树脂和颜料的调色剂颗粒，并将所述调色剂颗粒分散在载体流体中。

    Toner compositions and processes thereof
    8.
    发明授权
    Toner compositions and processes thereof 失效
    调色剂组合物及其工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5604076A

    公开(公告)日：1997-02-18

    申请号：US595143

    申请日：1996-02-01

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/097

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0806

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a latex or emulsion resin comprised of a polyester core encapsulated within a styrene based resin shell by heating said polyester emulsion containing an anionic surfactant with a mixture of monomers of styrene and acrylic acid, and with potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, or mixtures thereof;(ii) adding a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent, followed by the sharing of the resulting blend;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）通过将含有阴离子表面活性剂的聚酯乳液与苯乙烯和丙烯酸的单体混合物加热，制备由包封在苯乙烯基树脂壳内的聚酯芯构成的胶乳或乳液树脂 和过硫酸钾，过硫酸铵，亚硫酸氢钠或其混合物; （ii）添加颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，阳离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成，然后共享所得共混物; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）将所述静电结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的Tg的高度。