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    Method for manipulating optical energy using poled structure
    3.
    发明授权
    Method for manipulating optical energy using poled structure 失效
    使用极化结构来操纵光能的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5703710A

    公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

    申请号：US304042

    申请日：1994-09-09

    申请人： Michael J. Brinkman ,  David A.G. Deacon ,  William K. Bischel

    发明人： Michael J. Brinkman ,  David A.G. Deacon ,  William K. Bischel

    IPC分类号： G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/125 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/33 ,  G02F1/37 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/14 ,  G02F1/09

    CPC分类号： G02F1/3137 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F2001/0142 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H01S3/08059 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/141

    摘要： Method for optical energy transfer and energy guidance uses an electric field to control energy propagation using a class of poled structures in solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields are applied to the poled structures to control routing of optical energy. Techniques include frequency-selective switchable- and adjustable-tunable reflection, splitting, directional coupling, frequency-tunable switching and efficient beam combining, as well as polarized beam combining. Adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure which produces a spatial gradient in a variable index of refraction along an axis in the presence of a variable electric field. In one embodiment, the present invention is a method of switching a grating which consists of a poled material with an alternating domain structure of specific period. When an electric field is applied across the periodic structure, a Bragg grating is formed by the electro-optic effect, reflecting optical radiation with a certain bandwidth around a center wavelength. The grating may be used by itself, or in combination with other gratings to form integrated structures in a ferroelectric crystal. Specifically of interest is an method of using an integrated structure in which one or more optical waveguides interact with one or more periodic structures to form a wavelength selective integrated optic modulator, switch, or feedback element.

    摘要翻译： 光能转移和能量引导的方法使用电场来控制能量传播，使用固体材料中的一类极化结构。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 电场施加到极化结构以控制光能的路由。 技术包括频率选择性可切换和可调谐可调谐反射，分离，定向耦合，频率可调切换和有效的光束组合，以及偏振光束组合。 可调节的可调性通过极化结构获得，该极化结构在存在可变电场的情况下沿轴产生可变折射率的空间梯度。 在一个实施例中，本发明是一种切换由具有特定周期的交替畴结构的极化材料组成的光栅的方法。 当跨周期结构施加电场时，通过电光效应形成布拉格光栅，以围绕中心波长的一定带宽反射光辐射。 光栅可以自身使用，也可以与其他光栅组合使用，以在铁电晶体中形成集成结构。 特别感兴趣的是使用其中一个或多个光波导与一个或多个周期性结构相互作用以形成波长选择性集成光学调制器，开关或反馈元件的集成结构的方法。

    Anti-waveguide routing structure
    4.
    发明授权
    Anti-waveguide routing structure 有权
    反波导路由结构

    公开(公告)号：US06507681B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

    申请号：US09630511

    申请日：2000-08-02

    申请人： Tony C. Kowalczyk ,  William K. Bischel ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  Stanley Timothy Lau

    发明人： Tony C. Kowalczyk ,  William K. Bischel ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  Stanley Timothy Lau

    IPC分类号： G02B626

    CPC分类号： G02F1/065 ,  G02F1/011 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F1/035

    摘要： In a first state of an optical switch, a structure in the switch confines an optical mode to propagate along a first, unswitched path. The switch is switched into a second state by reducing the refractive index along the first path, or by increasing the refractive index of a region of the switch outside but adjacent to the first path, until the index within the first path is lower, preferably substantially lower, than that of the adjacent region. This creates an anti-waveguiding section in which light is forced to diverge from the unswitched path both by diffraction and refraction. The refractive index change is produced thermo-optically or electro-optically, for example. In a symmetric planar embodiment, upon actuation, light escapes from the confinement region into two beams deflected symmetrically in lateral directions while remaining vertically confined. In an asymmetric planar embodiment, upon actuation, light from the confinement region escapes in one direction away from the confinement region in the horizontal plane, while remaining confined vertically and in the opposite direction in the horizontal plane. A self-aligned method for fabricating optical switches is also described.

    摘要翻译： 在光开关的第一状态下，开关中的结构限制光模式沿着第一未切换路径传播。 通过减小沿着第一路径的折射率，或者通过增加开关的外部的区域而与第一路径相邻的折射率，将开关切换到第二状态，直到第一路径内的折射率较低 低于邻近地区。 这产生了一个反波导部分，其中光被迫通过衍射和折射而从未切换的路径发散。 折射率变化例如由光学或电光产生。 在对称平面实施例中，在致动时，光从约束区域逸出成横向偏向对称的两个光束，同时保持垂直限制。 在不对称平面实施例中，在致动时，来自限制区域的光在水平面中沿着一个方向远离限制区域而逸出，同时在水平面上保持垂直方向和相反方向。 还描述了用于制造光开关的自对准方法。

    Optical frequency channel selection filter with electronically-controlled grating structures
    5.
    发明授权
    Optical frequency channel selection filter with electronically-controlled grating structures 失效
    具有电子光栅结构的光频道选择滤波器

    公开(公告)号：US5781670A

    公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

    申请号：US644769

    申请日：1996-05-10

    申请人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    发明人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    IPC分类号： G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02B6/34

    CPC分类号： G02F1/313 ,  G02B2006/12107 ,  G02B2006/12109 ,  G02B2006/12164 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2203/055

    摘要： Optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices use an electric field to control energy propagation using a class of poled structures in solid material in channel dropping filter and splitter applications. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing of optical energy. In a particular embodiment, an electrode confronts a solid material and bridges at least two elements of a grating disposed transverse of two waveguide segments and overlaps evanescent fields of optical energy in one of the waveguide segments. A switchable grating consists of a poled material with an alternating domain structure of specific period. In a further embodiment there may be an optically active cladding between a grating and a waveguide. Additional electrodes may be provided for independent tuning of the cladding and the grating structure. When an electric field is applied across the periodic structure, a Bragg grating is formed by the electro-optic effect, reflecting optical radiation with a certain bandwidth around a center wavelength. The grating may be used by itself, or in combination with other gratings to form integrated structures.

    摘要翻译： 光能传递装置和能量引导装置使用电场来控制能量传播，使用一类固体材料中的极化结构在通道下落过滤器和分流器应用中。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由。 在特定实施例中，电极面对固体材料，并且桥接横跨两个波导段的光栅的至少两个元件，并且在波导段之一中重叠光能的瞬逝场。 可切换光栅由具有特定周期的交替畴结构的极化材料组成。 在另一实施例中，在光栅和波导之间可以存在光学活性包层。 可以提供附加电极用于独立调谐包层和光栅结构。 当跨周期结构施加电场时，通过电光效应形成布拉格光栅，以围绕中心波长的一定带宽反射光辐射。 光栅可以自身使用，也可以与其他光栅组合使用以形成集成结构。

    Controllable beam director using poled structure
    6.
    发明授权
    Controllable beam director using poled structure 失效
    可控光束导体使用极化结构

    公开(公告)号：US5630004A

    公开(公告)日：1997-05-13

    申请号：US303847

    申请日：1994-09-09

    申请人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel

    发明人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel

    IPC分类号： G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/37 ,  G02B6/10

    CPC分类号： G02F1/011 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： A new class of energy interaction devices, particularly optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices, use an energy field, particularly an electric field, applied to a poled structure to control energy propagation in a solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures to guide energy beams such as optical or acoustic beams. Electric fields applied to the poled structures, such as electrically-activated gratings, control routing of optical energy. Optical devices include but are not limited to, frequency-selective switchable- and adjustably-tunable reflectors, splitters, directional couplers, frequency-tunable switches and efficient beam combiners, as well as polarized beam combiners, am and fm modulators, mode selectors, energy transfer devices, optical data readers, panel display devices, and waveguide/reflector switching arrays. Variable reflectivity in a grating and adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure under the influence of an adjustable field, producing a spatial gradient in an adjustable propagation velocity in the solid material.

    摘要翻译： 一类新的能量相互作用装置，特别是光能转移装置和能量引导装置，使用施加到极化结构的能量场，特别是电场来控制固体材料中的能量传播。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合以引导诸如光学或声波束的能量束。 施加到极化结构的电场，例如电激活光栅，控制光能的路由。 光学器件包括但不限于频率选择性可切换和可调谐可调谐的反射器，分离器，定向耦合器，频率可调开关和有效的光束组合器，以及偏振光束组合器，am和fm调制器，模式选择器，能量 传输设备，光学数据读取器，面板显示设备和波导/反射器开关阵列。 光栅中的可变反射率和可调节的可调性通过极化结构在可调节场的影响下获得，从而产生固体材料中可调传播速度的空间梯度。

    Optical frequency channel selection filter with electronically-controlled grating structures
    7.
    发明授权
    Optical frequency channel selection filter with electronically-controlled grating structures 失效
    具有电子光栅结构的光频道选择滤波器

    公开(公告)号：US5581642A

    公开(公告)日：1996-12-03

    申请号：US303854

    申请日：1994-09-09

    申请人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    发明人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    IPC分类号： G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02B6/34

    CPC分类号： G02F1/313 ,  G02B2006/12107 ,  G02B2006/12109 ,  G02B2006/12164 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2203/055

    摘要： Optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices use an electric field to control energy propagation using a class of poled structures in solid material in a channel dropping filter and splitter applications. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing of optical energy. In a particular embodiment, an electrode confronts a solid material and bridges at least two elements of a grating disposed transverse of two waveguide segments and overlaps evanescent fields of optical energy in one of the waveguide segments. A switchable grating which consists of a poled material with an alternating domain structure of specific period. In a further embodiment there may be an optically active cladding between a grating and a waveguide. Additional electrodes may be provided for independent tuning of the cladding and the grating structure. When an electric field is applied across the periodic structure, a Bragg grating is formed by the electro-optic effect, reflecting optical radiation with a certain bandwidth around a center wavelength. The grating may be used by itself, or in combination with other gratings to form integrated structures.

    摘要翻译： 光能传递装置和能量引导装置使用电场来控制能量传播，这些传播使用一种在固体材料中的极化结构在通道下落过滤器和分流器应用中。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由。 在特定实施例中，电极面对固体材料，并且桥接横跨两个波导段的光栅的至少两个元件，并且在波导段之一中重叠光能的瞬逝场。 可切换光栅，由具有特定周期的交替畴结构的极化材料组成。 在另一实施例中，在光栅和波导之间可以存在光学活性包层。 可以提供附加电极用于独立调谐包层和光栅结构。 当跨周期结构施加电场时，通过电光效应形成布拉格光栅，以围绕中心波长的一定带宽反射光辐射。 光栅可以自身使用，也可以与其他光栅组合使用以形成集成结构。

    Laser with electrically-controlled grating reflector
    8.
    再颁专利
    Laser with electrically-controlled grating reflector 失效
    激光与电控光栅反射器

    公开(公告)号：USRE37809E1

    公开(公告)日：2002-07-30

    申请号：US09053422

    申请日：1998-04-01

    申请人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Simon J. Field ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel

    发明人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Simon J. Field ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel

    IPC分类号： H01S308

    CPC分类号： H01S3/063 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H01S3/0092 ,  H01S3/0635 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S3/108 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/141 ,  H01S5/4062

    摘要： One or more lasers are combined with optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices which use an electric field for control. The optical energy transfer devices may form gratings, mirrors, lenses and the like using a class of poled structures in solid material. The poled structures may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing, reflection and refraction of optical energy. Adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure which produces a spatial gradient in a variable index of refraction along an axis in the presence of a variable electric field.

    摘要翻译： 一个或多个激光器与使用电场进行控制的光能传递装置和能量引导装置组合。 光能转移装置可以使用固体材料中的一类极化结构形成光栅，反射镜，透镜等。 极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由，反射和折射。 可调节的可调性通过极化结构获得，该极化结构在存在可变电场的情况下沿轴产生可变折射率的空间梯度。

    Controllable beam director using poled structure
    9.
    发明授权
    Controllable beam director using poled structure 失效
    可控光束导体使用极化结构

    公开(公告)号：US5732177A

    公开(公告)日：1998-03-24

    申请号：US748480

    申请日：1996-11-08

    申请人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    发明人： David A. G. Deacon ,  Michael J. Brinkman ,  William K. Bischel ,  Simon J. Field

    IPC分类号： G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/37 ,  G02B6/10

    CPC分类号： G02F1/011 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： A new class of energy interaction devices, particularly optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices, use an energy field, particularly an electric field, applied to a poled structure to control energy propagation in a solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures to guide energy beams such as optical or acoustic beams. Electric fields applied to the poled structures, such as electrically-activated gratings, control routing of optical energy. Optical devices include but are not limited to, frequency-selective switchable- and adjustably-tunable reflectors, splitters, directional couplers, frequency-tunable switches and efficient beam combiners, as well as polarized beam combiners, am and fm modulators, mode selectors, energy transfer devices, optical data readers, panel display devices, and waveguide/reflector switching arrays. Variable reflectivity in a grating and adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure under the influence of an adjustable field, producing a spatial gradient in an adjustable propagation velocity in the solid material.

    摘要翻译： 一类新的能量相互作用装置，特别是光能转移装置和能量引导装置，使用施加到极化结构的能量场，特别是电场来控制固体材料中的能量传播。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合以引导诸如光学或声波束的能量束。 施加到极化结构的电场，例如电激活光栅，控制光能的路由。 光学器件包括但不限于频率选择性可切换和可调谐可调谐的反射器，分离器，定向耦合器，频率可调开关和有效的光束组合器，以及偏振光束组合器，am和fm调制器，模式选择器，能量 传输设备，光学数据读取器，面板显示设备和波导/反射器开关阵列。 光栅中的可变反射率和可调节的可调性通过极化结构在可调节场的影响下获得，从而产生固体材料中可调传播速度的空间梯度。