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    APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL CELL START FROM FREEZING WITHOUT MELTING ICE
    3.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL CELL START FROM FREEZING WITHOUT MELTING ICE 审中-公开
    燃料电池从没有熔化冰的冷冻开始的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110281186A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-11-17

    申请号：US13138021

    申请日：2009-01-26

    申请人： Robert M. Darling ,  Timothy W. Patterson, JR. ,  Michael L. Perry ,  Jonathan O'Neill

    发明人： Robert M. Darling ,  Timothy W. Patterson, JR. ,  Michael L. Perry ,  Jonathan O'Neill

    IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04179 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02T90/32

    摘要： Fuel cell systems (100, 400) and related methods involving accumulators (106, 200, 300, 406) with multiple regions (R1, R2; R1′, R2′) of differing water fill rates are provided. At least one accumulator region with a relatively more-rapid fill rate (R2; R2′) than another accumulator region (R1; R1′) is drained of water at shutdown under freezing conditions to allow at least that region to be free of water and ice. That region is then available to receive water from and supply water to, a fuel cell (102; 402) nominally upon start-up. The region having the relatively more-rapid fill rate (R2; R2′) may typically be of relatively lesser volume, and may be positioned either relatively below or relatively above the other region(s).

    摘要翻译： 提供了具有不同充水率的多个区域（R1，R2; R1'，R2'）的燃料电池系统（100,400）和涉及蓄电池（106,200,300,406）的相关方法。 至少一个具有比另一蓄水区域（R1; R1'）更快速填充率（R2; R2'）的蓄水器区域在冷冻条件下关闭时排出水，以至少该区域不含水， 冰。 然后该区域可用于从启动时名义上接收来自燃料电池（102; 402）的水并向其供应水。 具有相对更快速填充率（R2; R2'）的区域通常可以具有相对较小的体积，并且可以位于相对低于或相对高于其它区域的位置。

    MITIGATING ELECTRODE EROSION IN HIGH TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL
    4.
    发明申请
    MITIGATING ELECTRODE EROSION IN HIGH TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL 有权
    在高温PEM燃料电池中减轻电极腐蚀

    公开(公告)号：US20120115058A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-10

    申请号：US13261129

    申请日：2009-08-28

    申请人： Robert M. Darling ,  Paravastu Badrinarayanan ,  Carl A. Reiser

    发明人： Robert M. Darling ,  Paravastu Badrinarayanan ,  Carl A. Reiser

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0432 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/0488 ,  H01M8/0491 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A method of operating a fuel cell power plant (10) including a stack (11) of fuel cells having an anode catalyst layer and a cathode electrode (15) including a catalyst layer disposed on catalyst support material is characterized by, during normal operation of said power plant, adjusting the voltage of the stack to be substantially equal to or less than a predetermined maximum voltage for the temperature of the stack. Further, said step of adjusting comprises adjusting the stack voltage to the lesser of: a) a predetermined voltage above which corrosion of catalyst support material is significant and below which corrosion of catalyst support material is insignificant at the temperature of the stack; and b) a predetermined voltage above which dissolution of catalyst is significant and below which dissolution of the catalyst is insignificant at the temperature of the stack.

    摘要翻译： 一种操作包括具有阳极催化剂层的燃料电池堆（11）和包括设置在催化剂载体材料上的催化剂层的阴极电极（15）的燃料电池发电厂（10）的方法，其特征在于，在正常运行期间， 所述发电厂将所述堆的电压调整为基本上等于或小于所述堆的温度的预定最大电压。 此外，所述调节步骤包括将堆叠电压调整为较小的一个：a）预定电压，在该预定电压之上，催化剂载体材料的腐蚀是显着的，低于该预定电压，催化剂载体材料的腐蚀在堆叠温度下不显着; 和b）预定电压，其上催化剂的溶解是显着的，低于该电压时，催化剂的溶解在叠层的温度下是不显着的。

    REDUCED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN PEM FUEL CELL GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS
    6.
    发明申请
    REDUCED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN PEM FUEL CELL GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS 审中-公开
    在PEM燃料电池气体扩散层中降低热导率

    公开(公告)号：US20120202134A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

    申请号：US13261250

    申请日：2009-10-08

    申请人： Paravastu Badrinarayanan ,  Robert M. Darling ,  Jonathan D. O'Neill

    发明人： Paravastu Badrinarayanan ,  Robert M. Darling ,  Jonathan D. O'Neill

    IPC分类号： H01M8/10

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0202 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A fuel cell for a fuel cell power plant having gas diffusion layers which do not have microporous layers, includes a PEM (9), a cathode comprising at least a cathode catalyst (10) and a gas diffusion layer (17) on one side of the PEM, and an anode comprising at least an anode catalyst (11) and a gas diffusion layer (14) on the opposite side of the PEM, and a porous water transport plate having reactant gas flow field channels (31, 32) (21, 28) adjacent to each of said support substrates as well as water flow channels (22) in at least one of said water transport plates. The thermal conductivity of the cathode and/or the anode gas dif- fusion layers is less than about one-quarter of the thermal conductivity of conventional gas diffusion layers, less than about 0.25 W/m/K, to promote flow of water from the cathodes to the anodes and to the adjacent water transport plates, during start-up at normal ambient temperatures (lower than normal PEM fuel cell operating temperatures).

    摘要翻译： 一种具有不具有微孔层的气体扩散层的燃料电池发电厂的燃料电池，包括PEM（9），至少包含阴极催化剂（10）的阴极和在一侧的气体扩散层（17） 所述PEM和在所述PEM相反侧的至少包含阳极催化剂（11）和气体扩散层（14）的阳极和具有反应气体流场通道（31,32）（21,32）的多孔水输送板 ，28），以及至少一个所述水输送板中的水流通道（22）。 阴极和/或阳极气体扩散层的热导率小于常规气体扩散层的热传导率的约四分之一，小于约0.25W / m / K，以促进水从 在正常环境温度（低于正常的PEM燃料电池工作温度）的启动期间，阳极和相邻的水输送板的阴极。

    AVOIDING FUEL STARVATION OF ANODE END FUEL CELL
    8.
    发明申请
    AVOIDING FUEL STARVATION OF ANODE END FUEL CELL 有权
    避免阳极燃料电池的燃料启动

    公开(公告)号：US20150004515A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-01-01

    申请号：US14378314

    申请日：2012-02-24

    申请人： Timothy W. Patterson, JR. ,  Robert M. Darling

    发明人： Timothy W. Patterson, JR. ,  Robert M. Darling

    IPC分类号： H01M8/02

    CPC分类号： H01M8/026 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/2465

    摘要： The fuel flow channels (20a) of the end fuel cell (9a) at the anode end (34) of a fuel cell stack are significantly deeper than the fuel flow field channels (20) of the remaining fuel cells (9) in the stack, whereby fuel starvation caused by ice in the fuel flow channels is avoided during cold startup. The fuel flow field channels of the end cell (9) at the anode end of the stack is between about 0.15 mm and about 1.5 mm deeper than the fuel flow field channels in the remaining fuel cells of the stack, or between about 35% and about 65% deeper than the fuel flow field channels in the remaining fuel cells of the stack.

    摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆的阳极端（34）处的端部燃料电池（9a）的燃料流动通道（20a）比堆叠中的剩余燃料电池（9）的燃料流场通道（20）明显更深 从而在冷启动期间避免了由燃料流动通道中的冰引起的燃料不足。 在堆叠的阳极端处的端电池（9）的燃料流场通道比堆叠的剩余燃料电池中的燃料流场通道更深，在约0.15mm和约1.5mm之间，或者在约35％和 比堆叠的剩余燃料电池中的燃料流场通道深65％。

    Circulation of gas-entrained fuel cell coolant
    10.
    发明授权
    Circulation of gas-entrained fuel cell coolant 有权
    气体夹带燃料电池冷却液的循环

    公开(公告)号：US08470480B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-06-25

    申请号：US12087088

    申请日：2005-12-29

    申请人： Michael L. Perry ,  Robert M. Darling

    发明人： Michael L. Perry ,  Robert M. Darling

    IPC分类号： H01M8/06

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 ,  H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04044 ,  H01M8/04074 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/04164 ,  H01M8/04179 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02T90/32

    摘要： Coolant velocity greater than zero everywhere within the coolant channels (78, 85) of fuel cells (38) in a fuel cell stack (37) is assured by providing a flow of gas in the coolant channels, the flow being created by gas pressure from a source (92) of pressurized gas, an oxidant reactant air pump (52), a source (75) of hydrogen-containing fuel, or the fuel outlet (47), or the outflow of a condenser (59). Positive pressure may be applied to the coolant inlet (66) or negative pressure from an eductor (97) may be applied to a gas outlet (90) of the coolant channels, or both. Using gas to induce flow within the coolant channels eliminates the need for a bubble-clearing liquid pump and reduces liquid inventory and other plumbing; this makes the fuel cell power plant more freeze tolerant. Biphase flow from the condenser, which may be a vehicle radiator (120), renders the coolant return flow more freeze tolerant. Separate cooler plates (122) may be used with a coolant management system (125).

    摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆（37）中的燃料电池（38）的冷却剂通道（78,85）内的任何地方的冷却剂速度大于零，通过在冷却剂通道中提供气体流来确保流动，气流由气体压力 加压气体源（92），氧化剂反应物气泵（52），含氢燃料源（75）或燃料出口（47）或冷凝器（59）的流出。 可以对冷却剂入口（66）施加正压力，或者可以将来自喷射器（97）的负压施加到冷却剂通道的气体出口（90）或两者。 使用气体在冷却剂通道内引起流动，消除了清除液体泵的需要，并减少液体库存和其他管道; 这使得燃料电池发电厂更具有耐冻性。 来自可以是车辆散热器（120）的冷凝器的双相流动使得冷却剂返回流更具有耐冻性。 分开的冷却器板（122）可以与冷却剂管理系统（125）一起使用。