公开(公告)号：US06720547B1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-13

申请号：US09936535

申请日：2001-09-14

Applicant: Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

Inventor： Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2021/4792 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0068 ,  G02B21/14 ,  G02B21/33 ,  G02B21/36

Abstract: A confocal scanning microscope system (10) using cross polarization effects and an enhancement agent (acetic acid) to enhance confocal microscope reflectance images of the nuclei of BCCs (basal cell carcinomas) and SCCs (squamous call carcinomas) in the confocal reflectance images of excised tumor slices. The confocal scanning microscope system having a laser (11) for generating an illumination beam (12), a polygon mirror (18) for scanning the beam to a tissue sample (22) and for receiving a return beam from the tissue sample and detector (28) for detecting the returned beam to form an image. The system further includes a half-waveplate (13) having a rotatable stage (14) and a quarter-wave plate (21) having a rotatable stage (20) disposed in the optical path of the illumination beam and at least a linear polarizer (24) having a rotatable stage (25) disposed in the optical path of the returned beam from the tissue sample.

Abstract translation: 使用交叉极化效应的共焦扫描显微镜系统（10）和增强剂（乙酸）以增强切除的共聚焦反射图像中BCC（基底细胞癌）和SCC（鳞状细胞癌）的细胞核的共聚焦显微镜反射图像 肿瘤切片。 具有用于产生照明光束的激光器（11）的共焦扫描显微镜系统，用于将光束扫描到组织样本（22）并用于从组织样本和检测器（22）接收返回光束的多面镜（18） 28），用于检测返回的光束以形成图像。 该系统还包括具有可旋转台（14）和四分之一波片（21）的半波片（13），其具有设置在照明光束的光路中的可旋转台（20）和至少一个线性偏振器 24）具有设置在来自组织样本的返回光束的光路中的可旋转台（25）。

公开(公告)号：US07110114B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-19

申请号：US10787473

申请日：2004-02-26

Applicant: Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

Inventor： Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

IPC: G01J4/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2021/4792 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0068 ,  G02B21/14 ,  G02B21/33 ,  G02B21/36

Abstract: A confocal scanning microscope system (10) using cross polarization effects and an enhancement agent (acetic acid) to enhance confocal microscope reflectance images of the nuclei of BCCs (basal cell carcinomas) and SCCs (squamous call carcinomas) in the confocal reflectance images of excised tumor slices. The confocal scanning microscope system having a laser (11) for generating an illumination beam (12), a polygon mirror (18) for scanning the beam to a tissue sample (22) and for receiving a return beam from the tissue sample and detector (28) for detecting the returned beam to form an image. The system further includes a half-waveplate (13) having a rotatable stage (14) and a quarter-wave plate (21) having a rotatable stage (20) disposed in the optical path of the illumination beam and at least a linear polarizer (24) having a rotatable stage (25) disposed in the optical pat of the returned beam from the tissue sample.

Abstract translation: 使用交叉极化效应的共焦扫描显微镜系统（10）和增强剂（乙酸）以增强切除的共聚焦反射图像中BCC（基底细胞癌）和SCC（鳞状细胞癌）的细胞核的共聚焦显微镜反射图像 肿瘤切片。 具有用于产生照明光束的激光器（11）的共焦扫描显微镜系统，用于将光束扫描到组织样本（22）并用于从组织样本和检测器（22）接收返回光束的多面镜（18） 28），用于检测返回的光束以形成图像。 该系统还包括具有可旋转台（14）和四分之一波片（21）的半波片（13），其具有设置在照明光束的光路中的可旋转台（20）和至少一个线性偏振器 24）具有设置在来自组织样本的返回光束的光学拍摄中的可旋转台（25）。

公开(公告)号：US07515266B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-07

申请号：US11499582

申请日：2006-08-04

Applicant: Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

Inventor： Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

IPC: G01J4/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2021/4792 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0068 ,  G02B21/14 ,  G02B21/33 ,  G02B21/36

Abstract: A confocal scanning microscope system (10) using cross polarization effects and an enhancement agent (acetic acid) to enhance confocal microscope reflectance images of the nuclei of BCCs (basal cell carcinomas) and SCCs (squamous cell carcinomas) in the confocal reflectance images of excised tumor slices. The confocal scanning microscope system having a laser (11) for generating an illumination beam (12), a polygon mirror (18) for scanning the beam to a tissue sample (22) and for receiving a returned beam from the tissue sample and detector (28) for detecting the returned beam to form an image. The system further includes a half-wave plate (13) having a rotatable stage (14) and a quarter-wave plate (21) having a rotatable stage (20) disposed in the optical path of the illumination beam and at least a linear polarizer (24) having a rotatable stage (25) disposed in the optical path of the returned beam from the tissue sample.

Abstract translation: 使用交叉极化效应的共聚焦扫描显微镜系统（10）和增强剂（乙酸）以增强切除的共聚焦反射图像中BCC（基底细胞癌）和SCC（鳞状细胞癌）细胞核的共聚焦显微镜反射图像 肿瘤切片。 具有用于产生照明光束（12）的激光（11）的共焦扫描显微镜系统，用于将光束扫描到组织样本（22）并用于从组织样本和检测器（22）接收返回光束的多面镜（18） 28），用于检测返回的光束以形成图像。 该系统还包括具有可旋转台（14）的半波片（13）和设置在照明光束的光路中的可旋转台（20）的四分之一波片（21），并且至少一个线性偏振器 （24）具有设置在来自组织样本的返回光束的光路中的可旋转台（25）。

公开(公告)号：US07139122B1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-21

申请号：US09978957

申请日：2001-10-16

Applicant: Jay M. Eastman ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

Inventor： Jay M. Eastman ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James M. Zavislan

IPC: G02B21/06 ,  A61K49/00

CPC classification number: G02B21/0068 ,  A61K49/001 ,  G01N33/5743

Abstract: A system using cross polarization effects and an enhancement agent having citric or other similar alpha hydroxy acid to enhance confocal microscope reflectance images and particularly images of the nuclei of BCCs (basal cell carcinomas) and SCCs (squamous cell carcinomas) in the confocal reflectance images of excised tumor slices obtained during Mohs surgery by illuminating the tissue being imaged (a tumor slice) using polarized light. The reflected illumination is passed to a polarization analyzer, which passes the polarization component which is crossed with respect to the polarization of the illuminating light. The light from the analyzer is passed through the confocal aperture and detected. The section of the tissue either at the surface or within the tissue is scanned and the reflectance image is produced with enhanced visualization of the cellular or nuclear structure thereof thereby enabling determination of the extent of the tumor (cancerous cells) in the section. A method is also provided using the system for diagnosing cancerous cells in skin tissue.

Abstract translation: 使用交叉极化效应的系统和具有柠檬酸或其它类似α羟基酸的增强剂来增强共聚焦显微镜反射图像，特别是BCC（基底细胞癌）和SCC（鳞状细胞癌）的核的图像在共聚焦反射图像中 通过使用偏振光照射被成像的组织（肿瘤切片）在Mohs手术期间获得的切除的肿瘤切片。 反射的照明被传递到偏振分析器，偏振分析器使相对于照明光的偏振交叉的偏振分量通过。 来自分析仪的光通过共焦孔并检测。 扫描在表面或组织内的组织的部分，并且通过细胞或核结构的增强的可视化产生反射图像，从而能够确定该部分中肿瘤（癌细胞）的程度。 还提供了一种用于诊断皮肤组织中的癌细胞的系统的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06360115B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09397329

申请日：1999-09-16

Applicant: Roger J. Greenwald ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

Inventor： Roger J. Greenwald ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC: A61B505

CPC classification number: G02B21/0012 ,  A61B10/0233 ,  G02B21/34

Abstract: A system is provided having a clamping apparatus with first and second members, which are spaced apart from each other. An attachment mechanism is connected to the first member for attaching the apparatus to a confocal imaging system. This attachment mechanism has a surface with a window facing the tissue to be examined. Opposing this surface is a third member connected to the second member. A clamping mechanism includes the first and second members for clamping the tissue between the surface of the attachment mechanism and the surface of the third member, thereby stabilizing the tissue to the confocal imaging system. The window of the attachment mechanism presents the clamped tissue to the confocal imaging system.

Abstract translation: 提供一种具有夹持装置的系统，该夹紧装置具有彼此间隔开的第一和第二构件。 附接机构连接到第一构件，用于将装置附接到共焦成像系统。 该附接机构具有面向要检查的组织的窗口的表面。 与第二个构件连接的是第三个构件。 夹紧机构包括第一和第二构件，用于将组织夹持在附接机构的表面和第三构件的表面之间，从而将组织稳定到共焦成像系统。 附着机构的窗口将夹紧的组织呈现到共焦成像系统。

公开(公告)号：US20120302828A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-29

申请号：US13420340

申请日：2012-03-14

Applicant: Ricardo Toledo-Crow ,  Snehal Patel ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

Inventor： Ricardo Toledo-Crow ,  Snehal Patel ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC: A61N5/067 ,  A61B1/07

CPC classification number: A61B18/24 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00601 ,  A61B2018/00982 ,  A61B2018/2035 ,  A61B2018/2085 ,  A61B2018/2205 ,  A61B2018/2266 ,  A61B2018/2277 ,  A61B2018/2283 ,  A61B2018/2294

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of apparatus, system, computer-accessible medium, procedure and method are provided which can be used for providing laser steering and focusing for, e.g., incision, excision and/or ablation of tissue in minimally-invasive surgery. For example, the exemplary apparatus can include at least one optical element which can be configured to refract and/or diffract light provided in a structure which can be configured to be inserted into a body, where at least one of the optical element(s) is structured to receive the light at a first angle and generate a refracted and/or diffracted light at a second angle which can be different from the first angle relative to an optical axis. For example, an actuating arrangement can be provided, which can be configured to control the optical element(s), can be provided and situated at least partially within the at least one structure.

Abstract translation: 提供了可用于提供激光转向和聚焦的装置，系统，计算机可访问介质，程序和方法的示例性实施例，用于在微创外科手术中例如切割，切除和/或消融组织。 例如，示例性设备可以包括至少一个光学元件，其可以被配置为折射和/或衍射设置在可被配置为插入到主体中的结构中的光，其中至少一个光学元件 被构造成以第一角度接收光，并以相对于光轴可以不同于第一角度的第二角度产生折射和/或衍射光。 例如，可以提供致动装置，其可以被配置为控制光学元件，可以被提供并且至少部分地位于至少一个结构内。

公开(公告)号：US09554857B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-31

申请号：US13420340

申请日：2012-03-14

Applicant: Ricardo Toledo-Crow ,  Snehal Patel ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

Inventor： Ricardo Toledo-Crow ,  Snehal Patel ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC: A61N5/067 ,  A61B18/24 ,  A61B18/22

CPC classification number: A61B18/24 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00601 ,  A61B2018/00982 ,  A61B2018/2035 ,  A61B2018/2085 ,  A61B2018/2205 ,  A61B2018/2266 ,  A61B2018/2277 ,  A61B2018/2283 ,  A61B2018/2294

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of apparatus, system, computer-accessible medium, procedure and method are provided which can be used for providing laser steering and focusing for, e.g., incision, excision and/or ablation of tissue in minimally-invasive surgery. For example, the exemplary apparatus can include at least one optical element which can be configured to refract and/or diffract light provided in a structure which can be configured to be inserted into a body, where at least one of the optical element(s) is structured to receive the light at a first angle and generate a refracted and/or diffracted light at a second angle which can be different from the first angle relative to an optical axis. For example, an actuating arrangement can be provided, which can be configured to control the optical element(s), can be provided and situated at least partially within the at least one structure.

Abstract translation: 提供了可用于提供激光转向和聚焦的装置，系统，计算机可访问介质，程序和方法的示例性实施例，用于在微创外科手术中例如切割，切除和/或消融组织。 例如，示例性设备可以包括至少一个光学元件，其可以被配置为折射和/或衍射设置在可被配置为插入到主体中的结构中的光，其中至少一个光学元件 被构造成以第一角度接收光，并以相对于光轴可以不同于第一角度的第二角度产生折射和/或衍射光。 例如，可以提供致动装置，其可以被配置为控制光学元件，可以被提供并且至少部分地位于至少一个结构内。

公开(公告)号：US5995283A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-30

申请号：US190689

申请日：1998-11-12

Applicant: R. Rox Anderson ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

Inventor： R. Rox Anderson ,  Robert H. Webb ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC: G02B26/10 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B27/22 ,  G02B21/06 ,  G02B26/08

CPC classification number: G02B21/0084 ,  G02B21/0036 ,  G02B21/0048

Abstract: A confocal microscope for generating an image of a sample includes a first scanning element for scanning a light beam along a first axis, and a second scanning element for scanning the light beam at a predetermined amplitude along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. A third scanning element scans the light beam at a predetermined amplitude along a third axis perpendicular to an imaging plane defined by the first and second axes. The second and third scanning element are synchronized to scan at the same frequency. The second and third predetermined amplitudes are percentages of their maximum amplitudes. A selector determines the second and third predetermined amplitudes such that the sum of the percentages is equal to one-hundred percent.

Abstract translation: 用于产生样本图像的共焦显微镜包括用于沿着第一轴扫描光束的第一扫描元件和用于沿垂直于第一轴线的第二轴以预定幅度扫描光束的第二扫描元件。 第三扫描元件沿着垂直于由第一和第二轴限定的成像平面的第三轴以预定幅度扫描光束。 第二和第三扫描元件被同步以相同的频率进行扫描。 第二和第三预定幅度是其最大振幅的百分比。 选择器确定第二和第三预定幅度，使得百分比之和等于百分之一百。

公开(公告)号：US5978695A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

申请号：US912331

申请日：1997-08-18

Applicant: Roger J. Greenwald ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

Inventor： Roger J. Greenwald ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha

IPC: A61B10/00 ,  A61B10/02 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B21/34 ,  A61B5/05

CPC classification number: G02B21/0012 ,  G02B21/34 ,  A61B10/0233

Abstract: A system is provided having a clamping apparatus with first and second members, which are spaced apart from each other. An attachment mechanism is connected to the first member for attaching the apparatus to a confocal imaging system. This attachment mechanism has a surface with a window facing the tissue to be examined. Opposing this surface is a third member connected to the second member. A clamping mechanism includes the first and second members for clamping the tissue between the surface of the attachment mechanism and the surface of the third member, thereby stabilizing the tissue to the confocal imaging system. The window of the attachment mechanism presents the clamped tissue to the confocal imaging system.

公开(公告)号：US20070070497A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11601203

申请日：2006-11-17

Applicant: Jay Eastman ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James Zavislan

Inventor： Jay Eastman ,  Milind Rajadhyaksha ,  James Zavislan

IPC: G02B21/06

CPC classification number: G02B21/0068 ,  A61K49/001 ,  G01N33/5743

Abstract: A system using cross polarization effects and an enhancement agent having citric or other similar alpha hydroxy acid to enhance confocal microscope reflectance images and particularly images of the nuclei of BCCs (basal cell carcinomas) and SCCs (squamous cell carcinomas) in the confocal reflectance images of excised tumor slices obtained during Mohs surgery by illuminating the tissue being imaged (a tumor slice) using polarized light. The reflected illumination is passed to a polarization analyzer, which passes the polarization component which is crossed with respect to the polarization of the illuminating light. The light from the analyzer is passed through the confocal aperture and detected. The section of the tissue either at the surface or within the tissue is scanned and the reflectance image is produced with enhanced visualization of the cellular or nuclear structure thereof thereby enabling determination of the extent of the tumor (cancerous cells) in the section. A method is also provided using the system for diagnosing cancerous cells in skin tissue.

Abstract translation: 使用交叉极化效应的系统和具有柠檬酸或其它类似α羟基酸的增强剂来增强共聚焦显微镜反射图像，特别是BCC（基底细胞癌）和SCC（鳞状细胞癌）的核的图像在共聚焦反射图像中 通过使用偏振光照射被成像的组织（肿瘤切片）在Mohs手术期间获得的切除的肿瘤切片。 反射的照明被传递到偏振分析器，偏振分析器使相对于照明光的偏振交叉的偏振分量通过。 来自分析仪的光通过共焦孔并检测。 扫描在表面或组织内的组织的部分，并且通过细胞或核结构的增强的可视化产生反射图像，从而能够确定该部分中肿瘤（癌细胞）的程度。 还提供了一种用于诊断皮肤组织中的癌细胞的系统的方法。