公开(公告)号：US20040151130A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-05

申请号：US10747077

申请日：2003-12-30

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai ,  Richard Vickers

IPC: H04L012/28

CPC classification number: H04L45/02 ,  H04L12/28 ,  H04L43/00 ,  H04L45/025 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/42 ,  H04L45/54

Abstract: In a communication network comprising nodes and links between the nodes, a controller node disseminates link state information. A nodal routing table exists at each node comprising routes between pairs of nodes. The nodal routing table is either populated by the given node based on network information received from the controlling node or populated at the controlling node and received by the given node. Each node receives heartbeat signals from its neighbouring nodes. An unexpected delay between heartbeat signals may be perceived as a failure of a link. The perceived failure of that link is reported by the perceiving node to the controlling node. Upon receiving link failure information from a node, the controlling node may determine a subset of nodes in the network influenced by the link failure and indicate the link failure to the determined subset of influenced nodes.

Abstract translation: 在包括节点之间的节点和链路的通信网络中，控制器节点传播链路状态信息。 节点路由表存在于包括节点对之间的路由的每个节点处。 节点路由表由给定节点根据从控制节点接收的网络信息填充，或由控制节点填充并由给定节点接收。 每个节点从其相邻节点接收心跳信号。 心跳信号之间意外的延迟可能被认为是链路故障。 感知节点向控制节点报告该链路感知到的故障。 在从节点接收到链路故障信息时，控制节点可以确定受链路故障影响的网络中的节点的子集，并且指示所确定的受影响节点的子集的链路故障。

公开(公告)号：US20040165887A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-26

申请号：US10780557

申请日：2004-02-19

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai

IPC: G02F001/09

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04L49/10 ,  H04L49/1546 ,  H04L49/30 ,  H04Q2011/0035

Abstract: A circulating switch comprises switch modules of moderate capacities interconnected by a passive rotator. Data is sent from a one switch module to another switch module either directly, traversing the rotator once, or indirectly through at least one intermediate switch module where the rotator is traversed twice. A higher capacity extended circulating switch is constructed from higher-capacity switch modules, implemented as common memory switches and having multiple ports, interconnected through a multiplicity of rotators preferably arranged in complementary groups of rotators of opposite rotation directions. A polyphase circulating switch having a low switching delay is derived from a multi-rotator circulating switch by providing programmable rotators having adjustable relative rotator-cycle phases. A low delay high-capacity switch may also be constructed from prior-art medium-capacity rotator space switches with mutually phase-shifted rotation cycles.

Abstract translation: 循环开关包括通过被动旋转器互连的中等容量的开关模块。 数据从一个开关模块直接发送到另一个开关模块，一次穿过旋转器，或间接地通过至少一个中间开关模块，其中旋转器穿过两次。 较高容量的扩展循环开关由更高容量的开关模块构成，其实现为公共存储器开关并且具有多个端口，通过多个转动器互连，优选地以相反旋转方向的互斥旋转组布置。 具有低开关延迟的多相循环开关通过提供具有可调节的相对旋转周期相位的可编程旋转器从多旋转循环开关导出。 低延迟大容量开关也可以由具有相互相移的旋转周期的现有技术的中容量旋转器空间开关构成。

公开(公告)号：US20040001670A1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-01

申请号：US10180050

申请日：2002-06-27

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai ,  Francois J. Blouin

IPC: G02B006/293 ,  G02B006/28

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0033 ,  H04Q2011/0086

Abstract: An optical core node that includes optical switching planes interfaces, at input, with multi-channel input links and, at output, with multi-channel output links. The number of channels per link can differ significantly among the links, necessitating that the input (output) links have different connection patterns to the switching planes. Such an optical core node requires new methods of assigning an incoming wavelength channel to one of the optical switching planes. The assignment of the channels of input and output links to input and output ports is established in a manner that increases input-output connectivity and, hence, throughput. Additionally, the networks that may be formed with such optical core nodes require new routing methods. A preferred method of selecting a path through the core node favors switching planes connecting to a small number of links. In a time-division-multiplexing (TDM) mode, the method of path selection is complemented by temporal packing of TDM frames.

Abstract translation: 一种光核心节点，其包括光输入平面接口，在输入端具有多通道输入链路，并且在输出端具有多通道输出链路。 每个链路的信道数量可能在链路之间显着不同，因此输入（输出）链路必须具有与交换平面不同的连接模式。 这种光核心节点需要将入射波长信道分配给光交换平面之一的新方法。 将输入和输出链路的通道分配给输入和输出端口以增加输入输出连接性，从而增加吞吐量的方式建立。 此外，可能由这种光核心节点形成的网络需要新的路由方法。 选择通过核心节点的路径的优选方法有利于连接到少量链路的交换平面。 在时分复用（TDM）模式中，路由选择的方法由TDM帧的时间打包补充。

公开(公告)号：US20030189947A1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-09

申请号：US10414199

申请日：2003-04-16

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai

IPC: H04L012/54

CPC classification number: H04L47/15 ,  H04L47/10 ,  H04L47/263 ,  H04L47/29 ,  H04L47/50 ,  H04L47/522 ,  H04L47/6215 ,  H04L47/627 ,  H04L47/70 ,  H04L47/724 ,  H04L47/762 ,  H04L47/801 ,  H04L47/805 ,  H04L47/821 ,  H04L47/822 ,  H04L47/829 ,  H04L49/205 ,  H04L49/254 ,  H04L49/3027 ,  H04L49/505

Abstract: A method and a network for a universal transfer mode (UTM) of transferring data packets at a regulated bit rate are disclosed. The method defines a protocol that uses an adaptive packet header to simplify packet routing and increase transfer speed. The protocol supports a plurality of data formats, such as PCM voice data, IP packets, ATM cells, frame relay and the like. The network preferably includes a plurality of modules that provide interfaces to various data sources. The modules are interconnected by an optic core with adequate inter-module links with preferably no more than two hops being required between any origination/destination pair of modules. The adaptive packet header is used for both signaling and payload transfer. The header is parsed using an algorithm to determine its function. Rate regulation is accomplished using each module control element and egress port controllers to regulate packet transfer. The protocol enables the modules to behave as a single distributed switch capable of multi-terabit transfer rates. The advantage is a high speed distributed switch capable of serving as a transfer backbone for substantially any telecommunications service.

公开(公告)号：US20030193955A1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-16

申请号：US10410169

申请日：2003-04-10

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai

IPC: H04L012/28

CPC classification number: H04J14/0227 ,  H04J3/0638 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/0284 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0009 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0018 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0032 ,  H04Q2011/0033 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/005 ,  H04Q2011/0052 ,  H04Q2011/0088

Abstract: In a fast optical switch comprising a plurality of star couplers, channel switching, Time Division Multiplex (TDM) switching, or both may be provided. The operation of the fast optical switch is enabled by a fast scheduler comprising at least two scheduler modules. The throughput of the optical switch may be increased through a process of bimodal pipelined connection-packing.

Abstract translation: 在包括多个星形耦合器的快速光学开关中，可以提供信道切换，时分复用（TDM）切换或两者。 通过包括至少两个调度器模块的快速调度器来实现快速光交换机的操作。 可以通过双模流水线连接包装的过程来增加光学开关的吞吐量。

公开(公告)号：US20030193937A1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-16

申请号：US10390730

申请日：2003-03-19

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai ,  Dominic John Goodwill

IPC: H04L012/50

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0032 ,  H04Q2011/0033 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/005 ,  H04Q2011/0052

Abstract: A wide-coverage, high-capacity, switching network is modeled after a classical space-time-space switch. In the switching network, each of the space stages comprises geographically distributed optical space switches and the time stage comprises a plurality of geographically distributed high-capacity electronic switching nodes. User-access concentrators, each supporting numerous users, access the network through ports of the distributed optical space switches. A user-access concentrator is a simple device which need only have a single access channel to access the network, although two or more access channels may be used. Such a user-access concentrator can communicate with a large number of other user-access concentrators by time-multiplexing the access channel.

Abstract translation: 广泛覆盖，大容量的交换网络在经典的时空交换机之后被建模。 在交换网络中，每个空间级包括地理上分布的光空间交换机，并且时间段包括多个地理上分布的大容量电子交换节点。 用户接入集中器，每个支持多个用户，通过分布式光学空间交换机的端口接入网络。 用户接入集中器是一种简单的设备，只需要具有单个接入信道来接入网络，尽管可以使用两个或多个接入信道。 这样的用户接入集中器可以通过对接入信道进行时分复用来与大量的其他用户接入集中器通信。

公开(公告)号：US20030189938A1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-09

申请号：US10409702

申请日：2003-04-09

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai

IPC: H04L012/56

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0039

Abstract: A method of interleaving time-critical data packets and delay-tolerant data packets on a shared channel emanating from a control port of a switching node permits a strict time requirement for transmission of time-critical data packets to be met. A control circuit of the switching node stores a local time, an indication of a time required to transfer a delay-tolerant data packet waiting to be transferred, a comparator and a selector to control transfer of the time-critical and delay tolerant data packets.

Abstract translation: 在交换节点的控制端口发出的共享信道上交织时间关键数据分组和延迟容忍数据分组的方法允许对要满足的时间关键数据分组的传输的严格时间要求。 交换节点的控制电路存储本地时间，传送等待传送的延迟容忍数据分组所需的时间的指示，比较器和选择器，以控制时间关键和延迟容忍数据分组的传输。

公开(公告)号：US20030194175A1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-16

申请号：US10390880

申请日：2003-03-19

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai ,  Alan Frank Graves

IPC: G02B006/28

CPC classification number: H04J14/0227 ,  H04J3/0638 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/0284 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0009 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0018 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0032 ,  H04Q2011/0033 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/005 ,  H04Q2011/0052 ,  H04Q2011/0088

Abstract: A fast optical switch is needed to realize an economical and scaleable optical-core network. In the disclosed optical switch, switching is effected by rapid wavelength conversion. Either channel switching, Time Division Multiplex (TDM) switching or both may be provided by the fast optical switch. The operation of the fast optical switch is enabled by a fast scheduler. The throughput of the optical switch may be increased through a process of bimodal pipelined connection-packing. An in-band exchange of control signals with external nodes may serve to minimize the control overhead. Such control signals may include time-locking signals and connection-requests. A modular structure may be configured to comprise several fast optical switches to yield a high-speed, high-capacity, fully-connected optical switch.

公开(公告)号：US20030007484A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-09

申请号：US09960959

申请日：2001-09-25

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai

IPC: H04Q011/00

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0033 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0045

Abstract: Rather than restricting a stream of data to a single channel within a multi-channel link between a source node and a core node, each channel is divided into time slots and the stream of data is distributed among these time slots in several channels. However, to ease the management of switching the stream of data at the core node, simultaneous time slots in each channel may be arranged into nullstripes,null such that a particular stripe may only include data segments having a common destination. Switching these stripes of data at the core node requires that the source of such a stripe arrange the frame according to a frame structure provided by the core node. Advantageously, where the frame is striped across an entire link, the present invention provides for a variation on link switching that approaches the topological reach of TDM switching while maintaining relatively straightforward operation at the core node. As the switching scheme requires time-locking between the core node and the source node, methods are provided for initializing, maintaining and recovering this time-locking while offsetting the effect of optical signal dispersion in multi-wavelength fiber links.

Abstract translation: 不是将数据流限制在源节点和核心节点之间的多信道链路中的单个信道，每个信道被划分为时隙，并且数据流在几个信道中分布在这些时隙之间。 然而，为了简化在核心节点处切换数据流的管理，每个信道中的同时时隙可以被布置成“条带”，使得特定条带可以仅包括具有公共目的地的数据段。 在核心节点处切换这些数据条带需要这样的条带的源根据由核心节点提供的帧结构排列帧。 有利的是，在帧跨整个链路进行条带化的情况下，本发明提供了接近TDM交换的拓扑范围的链路切换的变化，同时在核心节点处保持相对简单的操作。 由于切换方案需要核心节点和源节点之间的时间锁定，所以提供了用于初始化，维护和恢复这种时间锁定的方法，同时抵消了多波长光纤链路中的光信号色散的影响。

公开(公告)号：US20040208625A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-21

申请号：US10180080

申请日：2002-06-27

Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED

Inventor： Maged E. Beshai ,  Francois J. Blouin

IPC: H04B010/20 ,  H04J014/00

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0062 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0227 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/0282 ,  H04J14/0284 ,  H04J14/0286 ,  H04Q2011/0073 ,  H04Q2011/009

Abstract: A scaleable high-capacity network comprises several non-uniform composite-star networks interconnected by a number of lateral uniform composite-star networks, thus forming an irregular two-dimensional network. Each non-uniform composite star network comprises electronic edge nodes, possibly of significantly different capacities, interconnected by optical core nodes. The optical core nodes are not connected to each other, and each may be configured differently and have a different reach index, where the reach index of a core node is the number of edge nodes to which the core node directly connects. The selection of a route through a core node within a non-uniform composite-star network is based on a composite index determined according to the reach index of the core node and the propagation delay along the route. The selection of a route in the irregular two-dimensional is based on pre-computed trail sets where each trail is a cascade of trail segments and each trail segment comprises at least one track connecting two edge nodes through a core node.

Abstract translation: 可扩展的大容量网络包括通过多个侧向均匀复合星形网络互连的若干不均匀复合星形网络，从而形成不规则的二维网络。 每个不均匀的复合星形网络包括可能具有显着不同容量的电子边缘节点，由光纤核心节点互连。 光核心节点不相互连接，每个节点可以不同地配置，具有不同的到达索引，其中核心节点的到达索引是核心节点直接连接到的边缘节点的数量。 通过非均匀复合星形网络中的核心节点的路由的选择是基于根据核心节点的到达索引确定的复合索引和沿着路由的传播延迟。 不规则二维路线的选择基于预先计算的轨迹集，其中每个轨迹是一段级联的轨道段，并且每个轨道段包括通过核心节点连接两个边缘节点的至少一个轨道。