摘要:
An acetalized polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 represents a halogen-containing residue of an aldehyde or a ketone; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, which may partially be substituted with an acetyl group; R.sup.3 represents naught or a monomeric unit copolymerizable with vinyl acetate; and l, m, n are integers indicating polymerization degrees, has excellent characteristics such as high sensitivity, high resolving power and excellent dry etching resistance and is suitable as a negative-type resist in ionizing radiation lithography.
摘要:
A fuel injection control device for a multi-fuel engine includes a corrector and a reviewer. An alcohol concentration learning unit is provided to learn an alcohol concentration in an injected fuel based on an oxygen concentration detected in an exhaust gas. A fuel injection amount controller is provided to control a fuel injection amount based on a learning value corresponding to the oxygen concentration. The corrector is configured to reduce the fuel injection amount corresponding to the learning value for a predetermined time period when the learning value is higher than a threshold value when an engine is started. The reviewer is configured to review the learning value to provide a revised learning value based on the oxygen concentration while the corrector reduces the fuel injection amount. The fuel injection amount is controlled based on the revised learning value after the corrector reduces the fuel injection amount.
摘要:
A fuel injection control apparatus for a multi-fuel engine can optimize a fuel injection quantity, using only one basic injection map, irrespective of alcohol concentration of a fuel. An E-concentration determining apparatus determines alcohol concentration of a fuel, based on a measured oxygen amount in exhaust. Basic injection quantities are stored in a basic injection map. E-concentration coefficients are stored in an E-concentration coefficient table for a plurality of alcohol concentrations in the fuel. A basic injection quantity, corresponding to a current rotary engine speed and a throttle opening, is selected from the basic injection map. A concentration coefficient, corresponding to the alcohol concentration and the basic injection quantity, is selected from the E-concentration coefficient table. A fuel injection quantity calculator determines an applied fuel injection quantity by multiplying the basic injection quantity by the concentration coefficient. Further adjustments using a number of additional correction coefficients may be made, as needed.
摘要:
For coupling first and second metal pipes, a coupling structure is provided which comprises a first diametrically angled end portion of the first metal pipe and a second diametrically enlarged end portion of the second metal pipe. The second enlarged end portion is mated with the first enlarged end portion so that the first and second metal pipes are aligned. A collar member of metal is concentrically disposed within the mated first and second enlarged end portions. The collar member is formed, around an axially middle portion thereof, with an annular ridge which entirely and intimately contacts with inner surfaces of the mated first and second enlarged end portions. A fastening ring of metal is concentrically disposed about the mated first and second enlarged end portions. The fastening ring is so shaped as to have a concave inner surface which intimately and entirely contacts with rounded outer surfaces of the mated first and second enlarged end portions.