公开(公告)号：US07876094B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07696748B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US10963482

申请日：2004-10-12

申请人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Ian C. Shay

发明人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Ian C. Shay

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01B7/24

CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

公开(公告)号：US20100045277A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01R33/18

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07526964B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-05

申请号：US10351978

申请日：2003-01-24

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  James M. Fisher ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  James M. Fisher ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N3/32

CPC分类号： G01N27/904 ,  G01L5/0047

摘要： Methods are described for the use of conformable eddy-current sensors and sensor arrays for characterizing residual stresses and applied loads in materials. In addition, for magnetizable materials such as steels, these methods can be used to determine carbide content and to inspect for grinding burn damage. The sensor arrays can be mounted inside or scanned across the inner surface of test articles and hollow fasteners to monitor stress distributions. A technique for placing eddy-current coils around magnetizable fasteners for load distribution monitoring is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用适形的涡流传感器和传感器阵列来描述材料中的残余应力和施加的载荷的方法。 此外，对于可磁化材料如钢，这些方法可用于确定碳化物含量并检查烧结损伤。 传感器阵列可以安装在测试物品和中空紧固件的内表面内部或扫描，以监测应力分布。 还公开了一种用于将涡流线圈放置在用于负载分布监测的可磁化紧固件周围的技术。

公开(公告)号：US07451657B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

IPC分类号： G01B5/30

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US08237433B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

申请号：US13009370

申请日：2011-01-19

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07161351B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US10934103

申请日：2004-09-03

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Quasistatic sensor responses may be converted into multiple model parameters to characterize hidden properties of a material. Methods of conversion use databases of responses and, in some cases, databases that include derivatives of the responses, to estimate at least three unknown model parameters, such as the electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and/or layer thickness. These parameter responses are then used to obtain a quantitative estimate of a property of a hidden feature, such as corrosion loss layer thicknesses, inclusion size and depth, or stress variation. The sensors can be single element sensors or sensor arrays and impose an interrogation electric, magnetic, or thermal field.

摘要翻译： 准静态传感器响应可以转换成多个模型参数来表征材料的隐藏属性。 转换方法使用响应数据库，在某些情况下，包括响应的衍生物的数据库，估计至少三个未知模型参数，如电导率，磁导率，介电常数，导热系数和/或层厚度 。 然后使用这些参数响应来获得隐藏特征的性质的定量估计，例如腐蚀损失层厚度，夹杂物尺寸和深度或应力变化。 这些传感器可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列，并且会产生询问电磁场或热场。

公开(公告)号：US07188532B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US10937105

申请日：2004-09-08

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01B7/16

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

摘要翻译： 通过修改组分材料以包括自我监测材料或通过加工测试材料以改变表面性质，可以增强损伤前体，损坏和使用状态或事件发生的可观察性。 使用电磁传感器监测自我监测材料的特性，例如磁导率或电导率，并且与原始组件材料相比，可提供比组件条件更大的性能变化。 处理包括喷丸硬化或激光焊接。

公开(公告)号：US20110163742A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-07

申请号：US13009370

申请日：2011-01-19

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01N27/04

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料特性的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07518360B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。