公开(公告)号：US07518360B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US20080258720A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US07696748B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US10963482

申请日：2004-10-12

申请人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Ian C. Shay

发明人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Ian C. Shay

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01B7/24

CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

公开(公告)号：US07876094B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US20100045277A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01R33/18

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07526964B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-05

申请号：US10351978

申请日：2003-01-24

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  James M. Fisher ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  James M. Fisher ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N3/32

CPC分类号： G01N27/904 ,  G01L5/0047

摘要： Methods are described for the use of conformable eddy-current sensors and sensor arrays for characterizing residual stresses and applied loads in materials. In addition, for magnetizable materials such as steels, these methods can be used to determine carbide content and to inspect for grinding burn damage. The sensor arrays can be mounted inside or scanned across the inner surface of test articles and hollow fasteners to monitor stress distributions. A technique for placing eddy-current coils around magnetizable fasteners for load distribution monitoring is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用适形的涡流传感器和传感器阵列来描述材料中的残余应力和施加的载荷的方法。 此外，对于可磁化材料如钢，这些方法可用于确定碳化物含量并检查烧结损伤。 传感器阵列可以安装在测试物品和中空紧固件的内表面内部或扫描，以监测应力分布。 还公开了一种用于将涡流线圈放置在用于负载分布监测的可磁化紧固件周围的技术。

公开(公告)号：US06798198B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-28

申请号：US10348339

申请日：2003-01-21

申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N2782

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.

摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。

公开(公告)号：US07161350B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US10633905

申请日：2003-08-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Material condition monitoring may be performed by electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to the material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. They can also be mounted such that they do not significantly modify the environmental exposure conditions for the test material, such as by creating stand-off gaps between the sensor and material surface or by perforating the sensor substrate.

摘要翻译： 材料状态监测可以由安装在材料表面的电磁传感器和传感器阵列执行。 传感器通常具有周期性的绕组或电极结构，其在由电信号驱动时产生周期性感测场。 这些传感器可以是薄而灵活的，以使它们符合测试材料的表面。 它们也可以被安装成使得它们不会显着地改变测试材料的环境暴露条件，例如通过在传感器和材料表面之间产生隔离间隙或通过穿孔传感器基板。

公开(公告)号：US06952095B1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-04

申请号：US09666524

申请日：2000-09-20

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。 这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。 每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。 某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。 这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。 在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。 当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。 当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。

公开(公告)号：US07183764B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-27

申请号：US10650486

申请日：2003-08-28

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Described are methods for pressurizing elastic support structures or balloons in sensor probes used for the inspection of components having areas of limited access. When inflated, the balloons press flexible sensors against the surface of the material under test. When deflated, the balloons permit easier insertion of the probes into the component and reduce the mechanical stresses on the sensors, thereby extending the sensor lifetime. By sequentially partially inserting the sensor into a limited access area from either side of the limited access area and scanning in opposite directions, the entire surface of the test material can be inspected.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于对用于检查具有有限进入区域的部件的检测的传感器探针中的弹性支撑结构或气囊加压的方法。 充气时，气球将柔性传感器压在被测材料的表面上。 当放气时，气囊允许更容易地将探针插入到部件中并降低传感器上的机械应力，从而延长传感器寿命。 通过从有限访问区域的任一侧依次将传感器部分地插入到有限访问区域中并且沿相反方向扫描，可以检查测试材料的整个表面。