摘要:
There is provided a toner for electrostatic charge image development, which includes a binder resin that includes a non-crystalline polyester resin and a crystalline polyester resin, and a colorant, wherein in a measurement of an acetone-soluble fraction of the toner by gel permeation chromatography, in which W1 represents the total area of an elution curve of the acetone-soluble fraction, F(0-10) represents an eluate corresponding to from the beginning of the elution to 10% elution of W1 over time, and F (80-100) represents an eluate corresponding to from 80% elution to 100% elution of W1 over time, the amount of an aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derived component of the resins contained in the eluate F(0-10) is in the range of from about 0 mol % to about 10 mol % relative to the total amount of the acid-derived components of the resins contained in the eluate F(0-10), and the amount of the aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derived component of the resins contained in the eluate F(80-100) is in the range of from about 20 mol % to about 60 mol % relative to the total amount of the acid-derived components of the resins contained in the eluate F(80-100).
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer. The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index of the first layer, the refractive index of the second layer, the film thickness of the first layer, an integer of 0 or more, and the wavelength of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed satisfy specific relationships.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer (n0), the refractive index of the first layer (n1), the refractive index of the second layer (n2), the film thickness (nm) of the first layer (d1), an integer (a) of 0 or more, and the wavelength (nm) of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed (λ) satisfy specific relationships.
摘要:
Silica particles have a volume average particle diameter in a range of from about 80 nm to about 300 nm, an average degree of circularity in a range of from about 0.920 to about 0.935, and a geometric standard deviation of the degree of circularity in a range of from about 1.02 to about 1.15.
摘要:
An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer arranged on or above the electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer arranged on or above the photosensitive layer, and containing about 90% or more by atom of gallium (Ga), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), and having an atomic number density of about 7.8×1022 cm−3 or more.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor prevents the generation of excessive residual potential, which usually occurs on a photoreceptor having a protective layer composed of an inorganic material, and achieves both of high durability and favorable electrical characteristics.An electrophotographic photoreceptor composed of a conductive substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface layer formed in this order, wherein the total composition ratio of a group 13 element, oxygen, and hydrogen to the total element content in the surface layer is 0.95 or more, and the abundance ratio of the oxygen to the group 13 element is from 1.1 to 1.5.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 nm to 70 nm, and a surface layer, which are disposed in this order on the conductive substrate. The refractive index n1 of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index n2 of the intermediate layer, and the refractive index n3 of the surface layer satisfy an inequality, n2>n3>n1.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided that suppresses the occurrence of non-uniformity of in-plane image density caused by a superfluous residual potential and defects such as cracks in an organic photoreceptor having a protective layer made of an inorganic thin film, and that simultaneously exhibits high durability and good electrical properties, and a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same are provided.An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an organic photosensitive layer and one or more inorganic thin film layers disposed in this order on a conductive substrate, wherein among the one or more inorganic thin film layers at least an inorganic protective layer disposed directly on the organic photosensitive layer has cracks scattered at intervals from about 1 μm to about 10 mm.