公开(公告)号：US07180594B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-20

申请号：US10856885

申请日：2004-05-27

Applicant: Paul C. Williams

Inventor： Paul C. Williams

IPC: G01N21/00 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01N21/534 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G01N2021/8535 ,  G01N2201/0218 ,  G01N2201/024 ,  G01N2201/1242 ,  G01N2201/12746

Abstract: An in-situ technique is provided for automatically verifying proper operation of a photometric device, such as a cell density probe (CDP). The CDP has a first detector and a second detector. The first detector senses light that is transmitted from a light source of the CDP. The second detector senses light that has passed through an optical gap at a tip of the CDP, wherein the sensed light has been reduced in intensity due to light absorption. Electrical current provided to the light source is reduced, and the resultant values of a light characteristic (such as intensity) are sensed. These values from the detectors are compared against one or more predicted values. If the CDP is operating properly, the values from the detectors will be consistent with the predicted values. If there is a malfunction in the CDP, then the values from the detectors will be inconsistent with the predicted values.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于自动验证诸如细胞密度探针（CDP）的光度测量装置的正确操作的原位技术。 CDP具有第一检测器和第二检测器。 第一检测器感测从CDP的光源传输的光。 第二检测器感测已经通过CDP顶端的光学间隙的光，其中感测的光由于光吸收而被强度降低。 降低了提供给光源的电流，并且感测出光特性（如强度）的合成值。 来自检测器的这些值与一个或多个预测值进行比较。 如果CDP正常工作，检测器的值将与预测值一致。 如果CDP出现故障，则检测器的值将与预测值不一致。

公开(公告)号：US4299722A

公开(公告)日：1981-11-10

申请号：US82716

申请日：1979-10-09

Applicant: Arthur J. Stock ,  Paul C. Williams

Inventor： Arthur J. Stock ,  Paul C. Williams

IPC: G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/16

CPC classification number: G21F9/165 ,  G21F9/008

Abstract: A process for introducing into a container dry particulate solidifying agent, such as portland cement, and a fluent material, such as a slurry or solution, that is mixable with the solidifying agent to provide ultimately a mass that is at least partially solidified within the container. The solidifying agent which when in a dry condition often has a sizable volume of air contained therein, and a predetermined quantity of the fluent material, are introduced into the container and, after the container is closed, agitated in the container to form a first mixture in which the air is removed from within the solidifying agent. The container is then opened and a second quantity of the fluent material is placed in the container with the first mixture to fill the container to a desired degree. The container is then closed and the first mixture and second quantity of fluent material are agitated to provide a second mixture which is then at least partially solidified in the container. The fluent material is disclosed as radioactive, and two fluent materials of different radioactive intensities may be introduced into the container to produce a solidified mass of a desired radioactive intensity.

Abstract translation: 引入容器中的干燥颗粒固化剂（例如波特兰水泥）和可与固化剂混合的流体材料（例如浆料或溶液）的方法，以最终提供在容器内至少部分固化的团块 。 固化剂在干燥状态下通常具有相当大量的空气并且预定量的流动材料被引入容器中，并且在容器关闭之后，在容器中搅拌以形成第一混合物 其中空气从固化剂中除去。 然后将容器打开，并将第二量的流动材料放置在容器中，同时第一混合物将容器填充到期望的程度。 然后将容器关闭，并搅拌第一混合物和第二量的流动材料以提供第二混合物，然后在容器中至少部分地固化。 流光材料被公开为放射性，并且可以将不同放射性强度的两种流动材料引入容器中以产生期望的放射性强度的固化物质。

公开(公告)号：US07319522B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-15

申请号：US11139720

申请日：2005-05-27

Applicant: John M. Havard ,  Paul C. Williams

Inventor： John M. Havard ,  Paul C. Williams

IPC: G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/0303 ,  G01N21/532 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G01N21/8507

Abstract: A circularizated semiconductor laser diode (CSLD), such as for example a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may be used for optical measurements. The CSLD may be used in a cell density probe to perform cell density determination and/or turbidity determination, such as in a biotech, fermentation, or other optical absorbance application. The cell density probe may comprise a probe tip section made from a polytetrafluoroethylene material, which provides sealability, ease of manufacture, durability, cleanability, optical semi-transparency at visible and near infrared wavelengths, and other advantages. The probe tip advantageously provides an optical gap that allows for in situ measurements of optical measurements including but not limited to absorbance, scattering, and fluorescence.

Abstract translation: 可以使用圆形化的半导体激光二极管（CSLD），例如垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL），用于光学测量。 CSLD可以用于细胞密度探针中以进行细胞密度测定和/或浊度测定，例如在生物技术，发酵或其它光吸收应用中。 细胞密度探针可以包括由聚四氟乙烯材料制成的探针尖端部分，其提供可密封性，易于制造，耐久性，可清洁性，可见光和近红外波段的光学半透明度等优点。 探针尖端有利地提供光学间隙，其允许光学测量的原位测量，包括但不限于吸光度，散射和荧光。

公开(公告)号：US5639422A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-17

申请号：US691476

申请日：1996-08-02

Applicant: Chao-Peng Chen ,  Tilak V. Bommaraju ,  Paul C. Williams

Inventor： Chao-Peng Chen ,  Tilak V. Bommaraju ,  Paul C. Williams

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  C01B7/07 ,  C23F11/04

CPC classification number: C01B7/07

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reducing the corrosion of a carbon steel reboiler in which a reboiler fluid containing nitrogen trichloride is heated to decompose the nitrogen trichloride. About 1 to about 100 ppm, based on the reboiler fluid weight, of a source of iodine, is added to the reboiler.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种减少碳钢再沸器的腐蚀的方法，其中加热含有三氯化碳的再沸器流体以分解三氯化氮。 将约1至约100ppm（基于再沸器流体重量）的碘源加入到再沸器中。