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公开(公告)号：US4254715A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-10
申请号：US960750
申请日：1978-11-15
摘要： A primary combustion chamber is located above a secondary combustion chamber with a support grate between the two for supporting particulate solid waste fuel to be burned efficiently. Primary air is introduced to the primary combustion chamber with secondary air introduced below the grate into a combustion gas flow to cause complete burning in the secondary combustion chamber. A brick wall screen means of high temperature, corrosion-resistant brick forms the secondary combustion chamber to allow exhaust gaseous product to exit therethrough while screening out ash which can be removed from the combustion area. The gaseous product passed through the screen is then passed to a heat exchanger to utilize part of the heat produced for heating primary and secondary air used in the combustor. The exhaust gas from the heat exchanger can then be put to use in a boiler or other energy producing device.
摘要翻译： 主燃烧室位于二次燃烧室之上，其间具有支撑炉排，用于有效地支撑待燃烧的颗粒状固体废物燃料。 一次空气被引入主燃烧室，二次空气被引入到炉排下方，形成燃烧气流，从而在二次燃烧室中完全燃烧。 高温耐腐蚀砖的砖墙筛装置形成二次燃烧室，以允许废气产物从其中排出，同时筛选出可从燃烧区域除去的灰分。 然后将通过筛网的气态产物通入热交换器，以利用产生的用于加热燃烧器中使用的一次和二次空气的部分热量。 然后可将来自热交换器的废气用于锅炉或其他能量产生装置中。
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公开(公告)号：US4332295A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-01
申请号：US150888
申请日：1980-05-19
IPC分类号： F28F21/04
CPC分类号： F28F21/04 , F28F1/006 , F28F1/36 , F28F13/003 , Y10S165/905
摘要： The heat exchange tube has a porous thermal shock resistant outer shell composed of a corrosion resistant ceramic material that may have a finned outer surface or a plain cylindrical outer surface. The outer shell contains an inner tube composed of a dense nonporous ceramic which is capable of containing high pressure gases, but which may not be as thermally shock resistant or corrosion resistant as the outer shell. The inner tube is formed of a dense ceramic material such as a highly dense silicon carbide or silicon nitride having at each end a like density insert. The end inserts provide sealing surfaces to contact other components in the heat exchanger such as identical ceramic tube assemblies to form a gas-type pressure seal. The inner tube can be fabricated by a deposition technique such as a chemical or physical vapor deposition, and alternatively, can be made separately and press fitted into the outer shell or the outer shell can be cast or otherwise formed around the inner tube. As an alternative solution, the dense inner tube and end seals can be integrated into a single component performing the functions of all three components, i.e., the two end seals and the inner tube.
摘要翻译： 热交换管具有由耐腐蚀陶瓷材料组成的多孔耐热冲击外壳，其可以具有带翅片的外表面或平坦的圆柱形外表面。 外壳包含由能够容纳高压气体但可能不像外壳那样耐热冲击或耐腐蚀的致密无孔陶瓷构成的内管。 内管由致密的陶瓷材料形成，例如高度致密的碳化硅或氮化硅，每端具有类似的密度插入物。 端部插件提供密封表面以接触热交换器中的其他部件，例如相同的陶瓷管组件，以形成气体型压力密封。 内管可以通过诸如化学或物理气相沉积的沉积技术来制造，或者可以单独制造并压配合到外壳中，或者外壳可以围绕内管铸造或以其他方式形成。 作为替代解决方案，致密的内管和端部密封件可以集成到执行所有三个部件即两个端部密封件和内部管件的功能的单个部件中。
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公开(公告)号：US4144020A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-13
申请号：US796304
申请日：1977-05-12
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner. The ceramic tubes are provided with vibration protective mechanisms to prolong useful life under severe mechanical vibration encountered in some applications.In a method of operating a slot furnace, exhaust gas is exhausted from a side of the furnace through the slot or a passageway having an elongated horizontal cross section. In the preferred arrangement a second passage or air curtain passageway is positioned adjacent the first passageway to permit proper gas flow through a recuperator. The recuperator is designed to recoup heat from exhaust gas in the first passageway and provide such heat as energy to heat combustion air used in the furnace. The second passageway by-passes the recuperator to avoid passing colder room air through the recuperator and to protect the operator from high temperature exhaust gas.The heat exchange ceramic tubes are designed to operate at temperatures of 1300.degree. F. and above without damage and with good sealing properties between elements.The system preferably includes a recirculating burner means which acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。 陶瓷管配有振动保护机构，以在一些应用中遇到的严重机械振动下延长使用寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US4380429A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-19
申请号：US90731
申请日：1979-11-02
申请人： Paul G. LaHaye , John W. Bjerklie
发明人： Paul G. LaHaye , John W. Bjerklie
CPC分类号： F23C7/008 , F23C9/006 , F23D11/002 , F23C2202/30 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An internally recirculating burner designed to operate at a low level of excess air without producing intolerable levels of particulate (smoke) and oxides of nitrogen using ambient or highly preheated atmospheric air as an oxidant. The burner operates with a flame front outside of the burner in the combustion chamber with recirculation of furnace gas being provided by the geometric configuration of the burner and the energy provided by the incoming combustion air. A nozzle means for controlling the combustion air flow is disclosed concentric with the burner center body. The nozzle is comprised of a fixed ceramic nozzle plate having annularly arranged distribution holes and a nozzle plus also preferably of ceramic supported to open and close the annular flow passage between the nozzle and the burner center body as well as the annular flow distribution holes. The air discharged through the nozzle flows along the surface of the center body creating a pressure depression at the point of discharge causing the furnace gas to flow from the furnace chamber to the passage formed by the burner barrel and the outside diameter of the recirculating sleeve. The recirculated gas joins the incoming combustion air and flows parallel to the combustion air through the annular passage formed by the inside diameter of the recirculating sleeve and the outside diameter of the center body. Some mixing of the combustion air and the recirculating gas occurs within the recirculating sleeve. A flame holder forming a portion of the center body central tube at the discharge end of the burner creates eddies and provides for a flame holding zone in which the fuel can be injected and the flame sustained. The flame thus formed extends into the combustion zone to the point at which the combustion reaction is completed.
摘要翻译： 内部循环燃烧器设计为在低水平的空气中运行，而不会使用环境或高度预热的大气作为氧化剂而产生不可耐受的水平的微粒（烟雾）和氮氧化物。 燃烧器在燃烧室内的燃烧器外部具有火焰前沿，燃烧室的再循环由燃烧器的几何构型和由进入的燃烧空气提供的能量提供。 用于控制燃烧空气流的喷嘴装置与燃烧器中心体同心地公开。 喷嘴由具有环形布置的分配孔的固定陶瓷喷嘴板和喷嘴加上，还优选地被陶瓷支撑以打开和关闭喷嘴和燃烧器中心体之间的环形流动通道以及环形分配孔。 通过喷嘴排出的空气沿着中心体的表面流动，在排放点产生压力下降，使得炉内气体从炉室流到由燃烧器筒形成的通道和再循环套管的外径。 再循环的气体通过由再循环套筒的内径和中心体的外径形成的环形通道，连接进入的燃烧空气并平行于燃烧空气流动。 燃烧空气和再循环气体的一些混合发生在再循环套筒内。 在燃烧器的出口端处形成中心体中心管的一部分的火焰保持器产生涡流，并提供燃料可以喷射并且维持火焰的火焰保持区域。 这样形成的火焰延伸到燃烧区到燃烧反应完成的点。
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公开(公告)号：US4060379A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-29
申请号：US652877
申请日：1976-01-27
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F23C9/00 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner.A recirculating burner has a flame front outside of the burner in the combustion chamber. The recirculating burner means acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。
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公开(公告)号：US4029465A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-14
申请号：US547381
申请日：1975-02-06
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner. The ceramic tubes are provided with vibration protective mechanisms to prolong useful life under severe mechanical vibration encountered in some applications.In a method of operating a slot furnace, exhaust gas is exhausted from a side of the furnace through the slot or a passageway having an elongated horizontal cross section. In the preferred arrangement a second passage or air curtain passageway is positioned adjacent the first passageway to permit proper gas flow through a recuperator. The recuperator is designed to recoup heat from exhaust gas in the first passageway and provide such heat as energy to heat combustion air used in the furnace. The second passageway by-passes the recuperator to avoid passing colder room air through the recuperator and to protect the operator from high temperature exhaust gas.The heat exchange ceramic tubes are designed to operate at temperatures of 1300.degree. F and above without damage and with good sealing properties between elements.The system preferably includes a recirculating burner means which acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。 陶瓷管配有振动保护机构，以在一些应用中遇到的严重机械振动下延长使用寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US5765596A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US491038
申请日：1995-06-16
CPC分类号： F16L9/18 , F16L39/005 , F28F21/04
摘要： A tube containment system. The tube containment system does not significantly reduce heat transfer through the tube wall. The contained tube is internally pressurized, and is formed from a ceramic material having high strength, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal shock resistance. The tube containment system includes at least one ceramic fiber braid material disposed about the internally pressurized tube. The material is disposed about the tube in a predetermined axial spacing arrangement. The ceramic fiber braid is present in an amount sufficient to contain the tube if the tube becomes fractured. The tube containment system can also include a plurality of ceramic ring-shaped structures, in contact with the outer surface of the tube, and positioned between the tube and the ceramic fiber braid material, and/or at least one transducer positioned within tube for reducing the internal volume and, therefore, the energy of any shrapnel resulting from a tube fracture.
摘要翻译： 管遏制系统。 管容器系统不会显着减少通过管壁的传热。 容纳的管内部加压，并且由具有高强度，高导热性和良好耐热冲击性的陶瓷材料形成。 管容纳系统包括设置在内部加压管周围的至少一个陶瓷纤维编织材料。 材料以预定的轴向间隔布置围绕管设置。 陶瓷纤维编织物的存在量足以容纳管子，如果管子破裂。 管容纳系统还可以包括与管的外表面接触并定位在管和陶瓷纤维编织材料之间的多个陶瓷环形结构，和/或至少一个位于管内的换能器，用于减少 内部体积，因此导致由管骨折引起的任何弹片的能量。
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公开(公告)号：US6035644A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US24755
申请日：1998-02-18
申请人： Paul G. LaHaye , Wendell C. Drown , John L. Seger
发明人： Paul G. LaHaye , Wendell C. Drown , John L. Seger
IPC分类号： F01D17/14 , F01K23/10 , F02C1/04 , F02C1/06 , F02C7/26 , F02C9/18 , F16K11/076 , F23R3/34 , F01K25/02
CPC分类号： F01K23/101 , F01D17/141 , F02C1/04 , F02C1/06 , F02C7/26 , F02C9/18 , F16K11/076 , F23R3/343 , F05D2260/85 , Y10T137/87676
摘要： A combustion gas turbine control valve for regulating the inlet temperature of an indirect fired gas turbine at the turbine expander inlet and is useful in indirect fired gas turbine power generation systems.
摘要翻译： 一种用于调节涡轮膨胀机入口处的间接燃烧燃气轮机的入口温度的燃烧燃气轮机控制阀，并且可用于间接燃烧燃气轮机发电系统。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4892139A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-09
申请号：US217454
申请日：1988-07-11
申请人： Paul G. LaHaye , Eric R. Norster
发明人： Paul G. LaHaye , Eric R. Norster
CPC分类号： F22B37/48 , F28F19/00 , Y10S122/13
摘要： A heat exchange element in the form of a tube, lies in a particulate laden gas flow and is charged with an electrostatic charge of the same polarity as an electrostatic charge on particles suspended in the gas flow, in order to prevent accumulation on any part of the heat exchange element which would interfere with the rate at which thermal energy can be transferred through the heat exchange element or restrict flow of gas through the heat exchanger.
摘要翻译： 以管形式的热交换元件位于载有颗粒的气体流中，并且与静止在悬浮在气流中的颗粒上的静电电荷相同极性的静电荷充电，以防止在任何部分 热交换元件将干扰热能可通过热交换元件传递的速率或限制气体通过热交换器的流量。
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公开(公告)号：US4050877A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-27
申请号：US620953
申请日：1975-10-09
申请人： Glenn D. Craig , David T. Feuling , Paul G. LaHaye
发明人： Glenn D. Craig , David T. Feuling , Paul G. LaHaye
CPC分类号： F24H9/1845 , B01D53/8631 , F23C6/04 , F23N1/02 , F23B2700/018
摘要： Fuel is burned in a primary combustion chamber with less than the air required for stoichiometric combustion so that the combustion gases have a high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon content and the temperature of the gases is held below that at which significant nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.2) would be produced. The combustion gases are then passed through a secondary combustion zone in which more air is injected into the gas stream to oxidize the CO and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). The secondary burner comprises a plurality of foraminous tubes through which secondary air is emitted. Combustion in the secondary zone is maintained at a temperature below that at which nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) will be produced in significant quantities.
摘要翻译： 燃料在初级燃烧室中燃烧，其燃烧温度低于化学计量燃烧所需的空气，使得燃烧气体具有高一氧化碳（CO）和烃含量，气体的温度保持在显着的氮氧化物（NO2 ）。 燃烧气体然后通过二次燃烧区，其中更多的空气被注入到气流中以将CO和烃氧化成二氧化碳（CO 2）。 二次燃烧器包括多个有孔管，通过该管排出二次空气。 次级区域中的燃烧保持在低于大量生成氮氧化物（NOx）的温度。
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