公开(公告)号：US20090302982A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-10

申请号：US12481147

申请日：2009-06-09

申请人： Philip Travis Putman ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Philip Travis Putman ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H01F6/06

CPC分类号： F41J13/00 ,  F41B6/00 ,  H01F6/06 ,  H01F2027/408

摘要： Apparatus for inductive braking of a projectile are disclosed. Embodiments include a receiver that has a unidirectional conductor having a closed conductive pathway that encircles a passageway for a moving projectile. The unidirectional conductor permits current to flow through it in substantially only one direction around the passageway. As the projectile and its associated magnetic field move past the unidirectional conductor, the moving magnetic field induces a current flow through the closed conductive pathway, which in turn generates a magnetic field behind the projectile having the same polarity as the projectile's field. The two fields attract one another, which both exerts a braking force on the projectile and tends to align the two fields. Alignment of these fields centers the projectile away from the passageway wall. Because the unidirectional conductor permits current to flow in substantially only the direction that produces a field having the same polarity as the moving field, the opposite-polarity repulsive magnetic field that would otherwise be generated ahead of the projectile, which would otherwise deflect the projectile from its path, is suppressed. Methods of inductive braking are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于射弹感应制动的装置。 实施例包括具有单向导体的接收器，其具有围绕用于移动的射弹的通道的封闭的导电路径。 单向导体允许电流沿着通道大致仅沿一个方向流过它。 随着射弹及其相关的磁场移动通过单向导体，移动磁场引起电流流过闭合的导电路径，这又导致与射弹场相同极性的射弹背后的磁场。 这两个领域相互吸引，两者都对射弹施加制动力，并且倾向于使两个领域相一致。 这些区域的对准使射弹远离通道墙。 因为单向导体允许电流基本上仅在产生具有与运动场相同极性的场的方向上流动，否则将在弹丸之前产生的相反极性的排斥磁场，否则将使抛射体偏离 其路径被抑制。 还公开了感应制动的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08237526B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

申请号：US12481147

申请日：2009-06-09

申请人： Philip Travis Putman ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Philip Travis Putman ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H01F7/00 ,  H01F1/00 ,  F41B6/00

CPC分类号： F41J13/00 ,  F41B6/00 ,  H01F6/06 ,  H01F2027/408

摘要： Apparatus for inductive braking of a projectile are disclosed. Embodiments include a receiver that has a unidirectional conductor having a closed conductive pathway that encircles a passageway for a moving projectile. The unidirectional conductor permits current to flow through it in substantially only one direction around the passageway. As the projectile and its associated magnetic field move past the unidirectional conductor, the moving magnetic field induces a current flow through the closed conductive pathway, which in turn generates a magnetic field behind the projectile having the same polarity as the projectile's field. The two fields attract one another, which both exerts a braking force on the projectile and tends to align the two fields. Alignment of these fields centers the projectile away from the passageway wall. Because the unidirectional conductor permits current to flow in substantially only the direction that produces a field having the same polarity as the moving field, the opposite-polarity repulsive magnetic field that would otherwise be generated ahead of the projectile, which would otherwise deflect the projectile from its path, is suppressed. Methods of inductive braking are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于射弹感应制动的装置。 实施例包括具有单向导体的接收器，其具有围绕用于移动的射弹的通道的封闭的导电路径。 单向导体允许电流沿着通道大致仅沿一个方向流过它。 随着射弹及其相关的磁场移动通过单向导体，移动磁场引起电流流过闭合的导电路径，这又导致与射弹场相同极性的射弹背后的磁场。 这两个领域相互吸引，两者都对射弹施加制动力，并且倾向于使两个领域相一致。 这些区域的对准使射弹远离通道墙。 因为单向导体允许电流基本上仅在产生具有与运动场相同极性的场的方向上流动，否则将在弹丸之前产生的相反极性的排斥磁场，否则将使抛射体偏离 其路径被抑制。 还公开了感应制动的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4956336A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

申请号：US309382

申请日：1989-02-10

申请人： Kamel Salama ,  Venkatakrishnan Selvamanickam

发明人： Kamel Salama ,  Venkatakrishnan Selvamanickam

IPC分类号： C01G1/00 ,  C01G3/00 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/653 ,  H01L39/24

CPC分类号： C04B35/4508 ,  C04B35/653 ,  H01L39/2419 ,  Y10S505/742

摘要： A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm.sup.2 at zero magnetic field and 77.degree. K. is disclosed. The 123 superconductor is of the formula L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. wherein L is preferably yttrium. The process comprises compacting the solid state reaction product of L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. at a temperature of approximately 940.degree. C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090.degree. C. to about 1,200.degree. C. (approximately 1,100.degree. C. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.) until it has been decomposed, and is then rapidly cooled to a temperature between about 10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. above its melting point, i.e. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. a temperature of 1030.degree. C. and then is control cooled at a rate of 1.degree. C./hr until it reaches a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. a temperature of 980.degree. C. The composition is steadily held at this temperature for at least eight hours, and then cooled to a temperature of approximately 400.degree. C. below its melting point (for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. approximately a temperature of 600.degree. C.). The material is then slowly cooled by another 200.degree. C. and is then annealed in oxygen.

摘要翻译： 公开了在零磁场和77°K下具有约30,000至约85,000安培/ cm 2的电流密度J的超导体材料。 123超导体具有式L1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ，其中L优选为钇。 该方法包括压实L1Ba2Cu3O的固态反应产物，然后在低于其熔点的约40℃至约90℃的温度下烧结反应产物，即在约940℃的温度下对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ 然后将组合物在保持在约1090℃至约1200℃（对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ1约为1100℃）的预热室中加热直到其被分解，然后迅速冷却至约10℃ 在其熔点以上约30℃，即对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ，温度为1030℃，然后以1℃/小时的速度控制冷却至达到约20℃的温度 至低于其熔点约40℃，即对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ，温度为980℃。该组合物在该温度下稳定保持至少8小时，然后冷却至约400℃的温度。 低于它的融化 （对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +δ大约温度为600℃）。 然后将材料缓慢冷却另外200℃，然后在氧气中退火。

公开(公告)号：US06191074B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US08831235

申请日：1997-04-02

申请人： Krishnaswamy Ravi-Chandar ,  Devamanohar Ponnusamy ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Krishnaswamy Ravi-Chandar ,  Devamanohar Ponnusamy ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H01B3924

CPC分类号： H01L39/248 ,  Y10S505/74 ,  Y10T29/49014

摘要： The fabrication of superconducting wires and rods having desired and consistent electrical and mechanical properties, in particular those based on Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO), is disclosed. The first fabrication step is to form an extrudable paste by mixing YBCO or BSCCO superconducting powder with a set of organic additives, which include binder, plasticizer, lubricant, dispersant, and a solvent. The following additional steps are performed on both YBCO and BSCCO based wires or rods: (i) using a piston extruder to extrude the superconducting wire or rod; (ii) drying the wire or rod to remove the solvent; and (iii) subjecting the wire or rod to a binder burn-out treatment to remove the remaining organic additives. In addition, YBCO wires and rods also require a sintering step, while BSCCO wires and rods also require cold isostatic pressing and heat treatment steps. The formation of cracks in thicker YBCO and BSCCO based rods during the drying and heating process steps is avoided by extruding hollow rods. The additives, processing parameters, and processing stages used to fabricate the superconducting wires and rods help achieve desired and consistent electrical and mechanical properties.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有期望和一致的电气和机械性能的超导线材和棒的制造，特别是基于钇氧化铜（YBCO）和铋钙氧化铜（BSCCO）的那些。 第一制造步骤是通过将YBCO或BSCCO超导粉末与一组包括粘合剂，增塑剂，润滑剂，分散剂和溶剂的有机添加剂混合来形成可挤出的糊料。 在YBCO和BSCCO的电线或棒上进行以下附加步骤：（i）使用活塞式挤出机挤压超导线或棒; （ii）干燥线或棒去除溶剂; 和（iii）对线或棒进行粘合剂烧尽处理以除去剩余的有机添加剂。 此外，YBCO电线和棒也需要烧结步骤，而BSCCO电线和棒也需要冷等静压和热处理步骤。 在干燥和加热工艺步骤中，在较厚的YBCO和BSCCO基棒中形成裂纹可以通过挤出中空棒来避免。 用于制造超导线和棒的添加剂，加工参数和加工阶段有助于实现期望和一致的电气和机械性能。

公开(公告)号：US5656574A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

申请号：US372615

申请日：1995-01-13

申请人： Krishnaswamy Ravi-Chandar ,  Devamanohar Ponnusamy ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Krishnaswamy Ravi-Chandar ,  Devamanohar Ponnusamy ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H01L39/24 ,  H01B12/00 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/505 ,  H01L39/12

CPC分类号： H01L39/248 ,  Y10S505/74 ,  Y10T29/49014

摘要： The fabrication of superconducting wires and rods having desired and consistent electrical and mechanical properties, in particular those based on Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO), is disclosed. The first fabrication step is to form an extrudable paste by mixing YBCO or BSCCO superconducting powder with a set of organic additives, which include binder, plasticizer, lubricant, dispersant, and a solvent. The following additional steps are performed on both YBCO and BSCCO based wires or rods: (i) using a piston extruder to extrude the superconducting wire or rod; (ii) drying the wire or rod to remove the solvent; and (iii) subjecting the wire or rod to a binder burn-out treatment to remove the remaining organic additives. In addition, YBCO wires and rods also require a sintering step, while BSCCO wires and rods also require cold isostatic pressing and heat treatment steps. The formation of cracks in thicker YBCO and BSCCO based rods during the drying and heating process steps is avoided by extruding hollow rods. The additives, processing parameters, and processing stages used to fabricate the superconducting wires and rods help achieve desired and consistent electrical and mechanical properties.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有期望和一致的电气和机械性能的超导线材和棒的制造，特别是基于钇氧化铜（YBCO）和铋钙氧化铜（BSCCO）的那些。 第一制造步骤是通过将YBCO或BSCCO超导粉末与一组包括粘合剂，增塑剂，润滑剂，分散剂和溶剂的有机添加剂混合来形成可挤出的糊料。 在YBCO和BSCCO的电线或棒上进行以下附加步骤：（i）使用活塞式挤出机挤压超导线或棒; （ii）干燥线或棒去除溶剂; 和（iii）对线或棒进行粘合剂烧尽处理以除去剩余的有机添加剂。 此外，YBCO电线和棒也需要烧结步骤，而BSCCO电线和棒也需要冷等静压和热处理步骤。 在干燥和加热工艺步骤中，在较厚的YBCO和BSCCO基棒中形成裂纹，通过挤出空心棒来避免。 用于制造超导线和棒的添加剂，加工参数和加工阶段有助于实现期望和一致的电气和机械性能。

公开(公告)号：US20050285452A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-29

申请号：US11149447

申请日：2005-06-09

申请人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： F41B6/00 ,  H02K41/00 ,  H02K41/035 ,  H02K55/00

CPC分类号： H02K41/00 ,  F41B6/003 ,  H02K41/0356 ,  H02K55/00 ,  Y10S505/776 ,  Y10S505/876

摘要： An electrically powered launcher is disclosed that can accelerate small payloads to orbital velocities. The invention uses a novel geometry to overcome limitations of other design, and allows full exploitation of existing superconducting materials.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种电动发射器，其可以将小有效载荷加速到轨道速度。 本发明使用新颖的几何来克服其他设计的限制，并且允许充分利用现有的超导材料。

公开(公告)号：US20050170972A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US11050186

申请日：2005-02-03

申请人： Kamel Salama ,  Hui Fang

发明人： Kamel Salama ,  Hui Fang

IPC分类号： H01B1/00 ,  H01F41/04 ,  H01L39/24

CPC分类号： H01L39/2487 ,  H01F41/048 ,  Y10S505/704 ,  Y10T29/49014

摘要： A method of manufacturing a Fe-sheathed MgB2 wire includes the steps of: I. Selecting a carbon steel tube with 0.1% to 0.3% carbon; a. Crimping a first end of the tube; b. Selecting a Mg powder at least 99.8% pure, and sized for 325 mesh; c. Selecting a B powder, at least 99.99% pure, and sized for 325 mesh; d. Stoichiometrically mixing the Mg and B powders to form a mixture powder; e. Milling the mixture powder by using high-energy ball mill for 0.5 to 6 hours and using stainless steel mixing balls and vial, wherein the mass ratio of ball to powder is 20:1, to form a milled powder; f. Filling and packing the tube in an argon atmosphere with the milled powder to create a packing density of about 1.5 g/cm3; g. Crimping the second end of the tube to create a powder-filled tube; h. Rolling the powder-filled tube to create the Fe-sheathed MgB2 wire; and i. Annealing the as-rolled wire at 600 to 900° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours at high purity argon environment to create superconducting wire.

摘要翻译： 一种制造Fe-ZnP 2线材的方法包括以下步骤：I.选择具有0.1％至0.3％碳的碳钢管; 一个。 压缩管的第一端; b。 选择纯度至少99.8％的Mg粉末，尺寸为325目; C。 选择B粉，纯度至少99.99％，尺寸为325目; d。 将Mg和B粉末化学搅拌混合形成混合粉末; e。 使用高能球磨机研磨混合粉末0.5〜6小时，使用不锈钢混合球和小瓶，其中球与粉的质量比为20:1，形成研磨粉末; F。 在氩气氛下用研磨的粉末填充和包装管以产生约1.5g / cm 3的填充密度; G。 将管子的第二端压平，形成粉末填充管; H。 滚动粉末填充的管以形成Fe包覆的MgB 线; 和我。 在高纯氩气环境下，将600〜900℃的退火线退火0.5〜3小时，制作超导线。

公开(公告)号：US5306697A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-26

申请号：US753012

申请日：1991-08-23

申请人： Kamel Salama ,  Venkatakrishnan Selvamanickam

发明人： Kamel Salama ,  Venkatakrishnan Selvamanickam

IPC分类号： C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/653 ,  H01L39/24 ,  C01F11/02 ,  C01F17/00 ,  C01G3/02 ,  H01L39/12

CPC分类号： H01L39/2419 ,  C04B35/4508 ,  C04B35/653 ,  Y10S505/742 ,  Y10S505/778 ,  Y10S505/779 ,  Y10S505/78 ,  Y10S505/785

摘要： A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm.sup.2 at zero magnetic field and 77.degree. K. is disclosed. The 123 superconductor, of the formula L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. wherein L is preferably yttrium, is capable of entrapping sufficiently high magnetic fields and exhibits a low microwave surface resistance. The process of preparing the superconductor comprises compacting the bulk product, L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O, and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. at a temperature of approximately 940.degree. C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090.degree. C. to about 1,200.degree. C. (approximately 1,100.degree. C. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.) until it has been decomposed, and is then rapidly cooled to a temperature between about 10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. above its melting point, i.e. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub. 6 +.delta. a temperature of 1030.degree. C., and then is controlled cooled at a rate of 1.degree. C./hr until it reaches a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. a temperature of 980.degree. C. The composition is steadily held at this temperature for at least eight hours, and then cooled to a temperature of approximately 400.degree. C. below its melting point (for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. approximately a temperature of 600.degree. C). The material is then slowly cooled by another 200.degree. C. and is then annealed in oxygen.

摘要翻译： 公开了在零磁场和77度K下具有约30,000至约85,000安培/平方厘米的电流密度J的超导体材料。 其中L优选为钇的式L1Ba2Cu3O6 +（delta）的123超导体能够捕获足够高的磁场并表现出低的微波表面电阻。 制备超导体的方法包括压制本体产物L1Ba2CuO3，然后在低于其熔点的温度为约40℃至约90℃之间的温度下烧结反应产物，即在温度为Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +（delta）的温度下 然后将组合物在保持在约1090摄氏度至约1,200摄氏度的预热室中加热（对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +（delta）约为1100摄氏度），直至其分解，然后快速 冷却至高于其熔点约10摄氏度至约30摄氏度的温度，即对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +（δ），温度为1030摄氏度，然后以1摄氏度的速率冷却。 / hr，直到其温度低于其熔点约20摄氏度至约40摄氏度，即对于Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +（δ），温度为980摄氏度。该组合物在该温度下稳定保持至少8℃ 小时，a 然后冷却至低于其熔点（对于大约温度为600摄氏度的Y1Ba2Cu3O6 +（Δ））约400摄氏度的温度）。 然后将材料缓慢冷却另外200摄氏度，然后在氧气中退火。

公开(公告)号：US07830047B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-09

申请号：US12236652

申请日：2008-09-24

申请人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H02K33/00 ,  F41F1/02 ,  H01L39/12

CPC分类号： H02K41/00 ,  F41B6/003 ,  H02K41/0356 ,  H02K55/00 ,  Y10S505/776 ,  Y10S505/876

摘要： An electrically powered launcher is disclosed that can accelerate small payloads to orbital velocities. The invention uses a novel geometry to overcome limitations of other design, and allows full exploitation of existing superconducting materials.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种电动发射器，其可以将小有效载荷加速到轨道速度。 本发明使用新颖的几何来克服其他设计的限制，并且允许充分利用现有的超导材料。

公开(公告)号：US07459807B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-02

申请号：US11149447

申请日：2005-06-09

申请人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

发明人： Phil Putman ,  Kamel Salama

IPC分类号： H02K33/00 ,  F41F1/02

CPC分类号： H02K41/00 ,  F41B6/003 ,  H02K41/0356 ,  H02K55/00 ,  Y10S505/776 ,  Y10S505/876

摘要： An electrically powered launcher is disclosed that can accelerate small payloads to orbital velocities. The invention uses a novel geometry to overcome limitations of other design, and allows full exploitation of existing superconducting materials.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种电动发射器，其可以将小有效载荷加速到轨道速度。 本发明使用新颖的几何来克服其他设计的限制，并且允许充分利用现有的超导材料。