公开(公告)号：US06958855B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-25

申请号：US10672649

申请日：2003-09-26

Applicant: Prem Kumar ,  Jay E. Sharping

Inventor： Prem Kumar ,  Jay E. Sharping

IPC: G02B6/02 ,  G02F1/39 ,  G02F1/365

CPC classification number: G02F1/395 ,  G02B6/02314 ,  G02F2202/32

Abstract: A fiber optical parametric oscillator is formed using photonic crystal fibers, also known as microstructure fibers or holey fibers. The optical parametric oscillator includes only a few meters of microstructure fiber. In one embodiment, the microstructure fiber is disposed between a highly reflective mirror and a diffraction grating in a simple Fabry-Perot configuration wherein the diffraction grating is tuned to reflect a particular wavelength of the signal wave back to the microstructure fiber. In another embodiment, the microstructure fiber is disposed in a ring cavity and the parametric oscillator is synchronously pumped. The parametric oscillator may be implemented with free space optics or use all fiber optic components.

Abstract translation: 使用光子晶体纤维（也称为微结构纤维或多孔纤维）形成光纤参数振荡器。 光学参数振荡器仅包括几米的微结构光纤。 在一个实施例中，微结构光纤以简单的法布里 - 珀罗配置设置在高反射镜和衍射光栅之间，其中衍射光栅被调谐以将信号波的特定波长反射回微结构光纤。 在另一个实施例中，微结构光纤设置在环形空腔中并且参数振荡器被同步泵浦。 参数振荡器可以用自由空间光学器件实现，或者使用所有光纤部件。

公开(公告)号：US06897434B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10376137

申请日：2003-02-28

Applicant: Prem Kumar ,  Marco Florentino ,  Paul L. Voss ,  Jay E. Sharping

Inventor： Prem Kumar ,  Marco Florentino ,  Paul L. Voss ,  Jay E. Sharping

IPC: G01N21/00 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G06N99/00 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H04B10/30 ,  H04L9/08

CPC classification number: G06N99/002 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S3/0078 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/1608 ,  H04B10/70 ,  H04L9/0852

Abstract: A source and/or method of generating quantum-correlated and/or entangled photon pairs using parametric fluorescence in a fiber Sagnac loop. The photon pairs are generated in the 1550 nm fiber-optic communication band and detected by a detection system including InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a gated Geiger mode. A generation rate>103 pairs/s is observed, a rate limited only by available detection electronics. The nonclassical nature of the photon correlations in the pairs is demonstrated. This source, given its spectral properties and robustness, is well suited for use in fiber-optic quantum communication and cryptography networks. The detection system also provides high rate of photon counting with negligible after pulsing and associated high quantum efficiency and also low dark count rate.

Abstract translation: 在光纤Sagnac循环中使用参数荧光产生量子相关和/或纠缠的光子对的源和/或方法。 光子对在1550nm光纤通信频带中产生，并由包括以门格盖格模式操作的InGaAs / InP雪崩光电二极管的检测系统进行检测。 观察到发电速率> 10 3对/秒，速率仅由可用的检测电子器件限制。 证明了成对中光子相关性的非经典性质。 鉴于其光谱性质和鲁棒性，该光源非常适合用于光纤量子通信和加密网络。 检测系统还提供高速率的光子计数，脉冲后可忽略不计，相关联的高量子效率和低暗计数率。

公开(公告)号：US20130089204A1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-11

申请号：US13270381

申请日：2011-10-11

Applicant: Prem Kumar ,  Gregory S. Kanter ,  Eric Corndorf ,  Chuang Liang

Inventor： Prem Kumar ,  Gregory S. Kanter ,  Eric Corndorf ,  Chuang Liang

IPC: H04K1/00

CPC classification number: H04L9/0852 ,  H04B10/70

Abstract: A quantum cryptographic protocol is proposed, which uses two-mode coherent states and an M-ary modulation format determined in part by an expanded secret key. The encrypted signal is optically amplifiable, resulting in a polarization independent system that is compatible with the existing WDM communications infrastructure.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种量子加密协议，其使用双模相干状态和部分由扩展的密钥确定的M进制调制格式。 加密的信号是光学可放大的，导致与现有的WDM通信基础设施兼容的与偏振无关的系统。

公开(公告)号：US08199767B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

申请号：US12118635

申请日：2008-05-09

Applicant: Purushotham Kamath ,  James S. Cho ,  Prem Kumar ,  Matthew Smith

Inventor： Purushotham Kamath ,  James S. Cho ,  Prem Kumar ,  Matthew Smith

IPC: H04B7/212

CPC classification number: H04B7/2643

Abstract: A wireline communications circuit using transceivers compatible with a wireless communications protocol is disclosed using access points and stations in an adaptive Time Division Multiple Access scheme for a multi-channel medium with colocated transceivers. Methods of operating an access point and a station, their implementations as chips and the implementation of a chip for either the access point or station are further disclosed.

Abstract translation: 使用与无线通信协议兼容的收发器的有线通信电路在具有共同定位的收发器的多信道介质的自适应时分多址方案中使用接入点和站来公开。 进一步公开了操作接入点和站的方法，它们作为芯片的实现以及用于接入点或站的芯片的实现。

公开(公告)号：US07333611B1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US10674241

申请日：2003-09-29

Applicant: Horace P. Yuen ,  Prem Kumar ,  Geraldo A. Barbosa

Inventor： Horace P. Yuen ,  Prem Kumar ,  Geraldo A. Barbosa

IPC: H04L9/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/70 ,  H04L9/0858

Abstract: A method and system for achieving the cryptographic objectives of data encryption and/or key expansion/generation by utilizing a short, shared, secret seed key between two parties that is extended to a long extended key which, in turn, is used to select one of many possible quantum and/or classical signal sets. The signal strength of each signal in the signal set is adjusted in accordance with the number of signal sets to obtain the necessary security level. The system operates with whatever signal quantum noise and other system noises are present while preserving security of the cryptographic system. The signal quantum noise and system noises protect both the data and the key from attackers.

Abstract translation: 一种用于实现数据加密和/或密钥扩展/生成的加密目标的方法和系统，该方法和系统通过利用延伸到长扩展密钥的两方之间的短的，共享的秘密种子密钥来进行密钥扩展/生成，这又被用于选择一个 许多可能的量子和/或经典信号集。 根据信号组的数量来调整信号组中每个信号的信号强度，以获得必要的安全级别。 该系统以任何信号量子噪声和其他系统噪声存在，同时保持密码系统的安全性。 信号量子噪声和系统噪声保护数据和密钥免受攻击。

公开(公告)号：US07697687B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US11404329

申请日：2006-04-13

Applicant: Chuang Liang ,  Gregory S. Kanter ,  Eric Corndorf ,  Prem Kumar

Inventor： Chuang Liang ,  Gregory S. Kanter ,  Eric Corndorf ,  Prem Kumar

IPC: H04K1/00

CPC classification number: H04L9/12 ,  H04L9/0838 ,  H04L9/0891

Abstract: A method of synchronizing the encryption/decryption functions of an AlphaEta physical-layer encryption or key generation system. The method includes the insertion of a header to indicate the start of encryption after clock-synchronization has been established. The method also allows for a side-channel to signal other useful information, such as a loss-of-syncrhonization signal from Bob or to synchronize a dynamic key change.

Abstract translation: 一种同步AlphaEta物理层加密或密钥生成系统的加密/解密功能的方法。 该方法包括在建立时钟同步之后插入报头以指示加密的开始。 该方法还允许侧信道发送其他有用的信息，例如来自Bob的失去同步信号或者使动态密钥更改同步。

公开(公告)号：US07590358B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-15

申请号：US11307868

申请日：2006-02-26

Applicant: Vladimir Grigoryan ,  Prem Kumar

Inventor： Vladimir Grigoryan ,  Prem Kumar

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/299

Abstract: There is provided an optical regenerative amplifier for regenerative amplification of a binary phase shift-keying (BPSK) sequence of optical signals having a predetermined time slot between any adjacent signals. The optical regenerative amplifier comprises a first delay interferometer, wherein an input sequence of BPSK signals is split between two arms of an interferometer, a relative delay by the time slot between the adjacent signals is introduced in one of the arms of the interferometer to produce two mutually anti-symmetric trains of amplitude shift-keying (ASK) signals; a discriminative limiting amplifier to amplify the said two trains of anti-symmetric ASK signals, wherein the amplification for the spaces is smaller compared to the amplification for the marks and the amplification for the marks is limiting; and a second delay interferometer, wherein the said two trains of anti-symmetric ASK signals are recombined, delayed, and interfered to reproduce a regeneratively amplified BPSK sequence of signals and to separate noise from the signals.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种光学再生放大器，用于在任何相邻信号之间具有预定时隙的光信号的二进制相移键控（BPSK）序列的再生放大。 光学再生放大器包括第一延迟干涉仪，其中BPSK信号的输入序列在干涉仪的两个臂之间分开，相邻信号之间的时隙的相对延迟被引入干涉仪的一个臂中以产生两个 相互反对称的振幅键控（ASK）信号; 用于放大所述两列反对称ASK信号的鉴别限制放大器，其中与标记的放大相比，空间的放大较小，并且标记的放大是限制性的; 和第二延迟干涉仪，其中所述两列反对称ASK信号被重新组合，延迟和干扰，以再现再生放大的BPSK序列信号，并将噪声与信号分开。

公开(公告)号：US06195369B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US08959532

申请日：1997-10-24

Applicant: Prem Kumar ,  Donald L. Sipes ,  Douglas W. Anthon ,  William L. Kath ,  Darwin K. Serkland ,  Timothy C. Munks

Inventor： Prem Kumar ,  Donald L. Sipes ,  Douglas W. Anthon ,  William L. Kath ,  Darwin K. Serkland ,  Timothy C. Munks

IPC: H01S317

CPC classification number: H01S3/08 ,  G02F1/3513 ,  G02F2203/26 ,  H01S3/0809 ,  H01S2301/085

Abstract: A highly stable soliton source uses a bulk Er/Yb glass laser which operates in two longitudinal modes of the laser cavity with substantially identical amplitudes to generate beat modulation. The beat modulation is then passed through a pulse compression fiber which compresses the beat modulation into a train of soliton pulses. Because the beat modulation is between two modes of the same laser cavity, the soliton pulse train generated is highly stable with low timing jitter.

Abstract translation: 高度稳定的孤子源使用大体积的Er / Yb玻璃激光器，其在激光腔的两个纵向模式中以基本相同的幅度工作以产生拍频调制。 然后，拍子调制通过脉冲压缩光纤，其将拍频调制压缩成一系列孤子脉冲。 由于拍频调制在同一激光腔的两种模式之间，因此产生的孤子脉冲序列具有高稳定性和低定时抖动。

公开(公告)号：US08171393B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-01

申请号：US12104297

申请日：2008-04-16

Applicant: Venkat Rangan ,  Anurag Kashyap ,  Prem Kumar ,  Malay Desai

Inventor： Venkat Rangan ,  Anurag Kashyap ,  Prem Kumar ,  Malay Desai

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/24 ,  G06F17/30011

Abstract: The invention provides techniques for efficiently organizing and reviewing electronic documents to be produced in the course of a discovery process. The technique provides for marking the master or pivot document with review information, and identifying a plurality of duplicate documents related to the master or pivot document. The technique provides for reviewing a master or pivot document and propagating the review information to a set of related documents. The technique provides for producing a plurality of electronic documents where each of the electronic documents is marked up in accordance with the review information. The method provides for organizing the plurality of electronic documents so it can be presented and searched in an efficient manner.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于有效地组织和审查在发现过程中要产生的电子文档的技术。 该技术提供了使用审查信息标记主文档或枢轴文档，并且识别与主文档或枢轴文档相关的多个重复文档。 该技术提供了审查主文档或枢轴文档，并将审阅信息传播到一组相关文档。 该技术提供了生产多个电子文档，其中根据审阅信息标记每个电子文档。 该方法提供组织多个电子文档，以便能够以有效的方式呈现和搜索。

公开(公告)号：US20090265609A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-22

申请号：US12104297

申请日：2008-04-16

Applicant: Venkat Rangan ,  Anurag Kashyap ,  Prem Kumar ,  Malay Desai

Inventor： Venkat Rangan ,  Anurag Kashyap ,  Prem Kumar ,  Malay Desai

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/24 ,  G06F17/30011

Abstract: The invention provides techniques for efficiently organizing and reviewing electronic documents to be produced in the course of a discovery process. The technique provides for marking the master or pivot document with review information, and identifying a plurality of duplicate documents related to the master or pivot document. The technique provides for reviewing a master or pivot document and propagating the review information to a set of related documents. The technique provides for producing a plurality of electronic documents where each of the electronic documents is marked up in accordance with the review information. The method provides for organizing the plurality of electronic documents so it can be presented and searched in an efficient manner.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于有效地组织和审查在发现过程中要产生的电子文档的技术。 该技术提供了使用审查信息标记主文档或枢轴文档，并且识别与主文档或枢轴文档相关的多个重复文档。 该技术提供了审查主文档或枢轴文档，并将审阅信息传播到一组相关文档。 该技术提供了生产多个电子文档，其中根据审阅信息标记每个电子文档。 该方法提供组织多个电子文档，以便能够以有效的方式呈现和搜索。