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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5434855A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US331250
申请日：1994-10-28
CPC分类号： H04L49/104 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/5619 , H04L2012/5649 , H04L2012/565
摘要： A novel mechanism prevents interleaving of packet cells from different source nodes on the same multicast port group at switches of a multicast virtual circuit in a cell-switched network: however, different cells bound for different multicast port groups may be interleaved. The mechanism comprises specific routing information that is stored in each multicast group port entry of a forwarding table located within each switch of the multicast virtual circuit. The forwarding table also stores information relating to each multicast port group including a virtual circuit value for each port of the multicast group. The specific routing information is provided for each multicast port group entry to notify the switch when data traffic for a particular packet is pending through a port of the multicast group and when that data traffic ceases, i.e., when the "end-of-packet" is reached. This ensures that the packets may be correctly reassembled at the destination nodes.
摘要翻译： 一种新颖的机制防止了在小区交换网络中的组播虚拟电路的交换机上的相同组播端口组上的来自不同源节点的分组信元的交织：然而，限定于不同组播端口组的不同小区可能被交织。 该机制包括存储在位于组播虚拟电路的每个交换机内的转发表的每个多播组端口条目中的特定路由信息。 转发表还存储关于每个多播端口组的信息，包括多播组的每个端口的虚拟电路值。 为每个多播端口组条目提供特定的路由信息，以便在特定数据包的数据流量正在通过多播组的端口等待通知交换机时，并且当该数据流量停止时，即当“分组结束” 到达了。 这确保了分组可能在目的地节点处被正确地重新组合。
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2.发明授权Encapsulation of an address within a forwarded frame in a computer communications system 失效在计算机通信系统中的转发帧内的地址的封装
公开(公告)号：US5434864A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US150928
申请日：1993-11-12
申请人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
发明人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
CPC分类号： H04L45/742 , H04L12/1836 , H04L12/46 , H04L2212/00
摘要： A method for connecting a first communications system with a second communications system is disclosed. A first frame is received at a first station. The first station is connected to both the first communication system and the second communication system. The first frame has a destination address field, and the destination address field contains a desired destination address. The first station forwards, in response to the desired destination address, the first frame onto the second communications system as a second frame, and the first station writes a second destination address into a destination address field of the second frame. The first station writes the desired destination address into a predetermined field of the second frame. The first station writes, an indicator into the second frame, the indicator is capable of being interpreted by a receiving station to mean that the desired destination address is written into the predetermined field of the second frame. The receiving station receives the second frame. The receiving station is also connected to a third communications system. The receiving station reads, in response to the indicator, the desired destination address from the predetermined field of the second frame, and writes the desired destination address into a destination address field of a third frame. The receiving station forwards the second frame onto the third communications system as a third frame.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将第一通信系统与第二通信系统连接的方法。 在第一站接收第一帧。 第一站连接到第一通信系统和第二通信系统。 第一帧具有目的地址字段，目的地址字段包含所需目的地址。 第一站响应于期望的目的地地址将第一帧转发到第二通信系统上作为第二帧，并且第一站将第二目的地地址写入第二帧的目的地地址字段。 第一站将期望的目的地址写入第二帧的预定字段。 第一站将第二帧中的指示符写入，指示符能够被接收站解释为意图将所需目的地地址写入第二帧的预定字段。 接收站接收第二帧。 接收站也连接到第三通信系统。 接收站响应于该指示符从第二帧的预定字段读取期望的目的地地址，并将期望的目的地地址写入第三帧的目的地地址字段。 接收站作为第三帧将第二帧转发到第三通信系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5956335A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-21
申请号：US151438
申请日：1993-11-12
CPC分类号： H04L45/742 , H04L12/1836 , H04L12/46 , H04L2212/00
摘要： A method for connecting a first communication system with a third communications system, by passing through a second communications system, is disclosed. A first frame is received from the first communications system, where the first frame has a multicast address as a destination address. The multicast address requires the frame to be transmitted onto the second multicast address is translated into a functional address. The functional address is written into a second frame, and the second frame is transmitted onto the second communications system. A station receiving the second frame translates the functional address into a multicast address and writes the multicast address into the destination address field of a third frame, and transmits the third frame onto the third communications system.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过通过第二通信系统连接第一通信系统与第三通信系统的方法。 从第一通信系统接收第一帧，其中第一帧具有多播地址作为目的地址。 组播地址要求将帧传送到第二个组播地址，转换为功能地址。 功能地址被写入第二帧，第二帧被发送到第二通信系统。 接收第二帧的站将功能地址转换成多播地址，并将组播地址写入第三帧的目的地址字段，并将第三帧发送到第三通信系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5511168A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US86593
申请日：1993-07-01
申请人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
发明人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
CPC分类号： H04L49/203 , H04L12/185 , H04L45/10 , H04L45/16 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/5619
摘要： A multicast connection arrangement is provided by which a source node may establish multicast virtual circuits to a group of destination nodes of an arbitrary-topology network using a single procedure, and may subsequently modify those circuits, i.e., add or delete destination nodes, with a single, related procedure. The arrangement includes a multicast setup packet for opening the multicast virtual circuits, the packet containing a multicast identifier field, a virtual circuit field and a destination field identifying a list of desired destination node addresses. The multicast setup packet may be also used to add destination nodes to the circuits while a multicast delete packet is used to delete nodes from the circuits. When adding nodes to the multicast virtual circuits, a topology analysis process is provided to prevent the formation of an unstable network topology.
摘要翻译： 提供了多播连接装置，源节点可以使用单播程序向任意拓扑网络的一组目的节点建立多播虚拟电路，然后可以修改这些电路，即，添加或删除目的地节点 单一相关程序。 该装置包括用于打开多播虚拟电路的组播建立分组，包含多播标识符字段的分组，虚拟电路字段和标识所需目的地节点地址列表的目的地字段。 多播建立分组还可以用于向电路添加目的地节点，同时使用多播删除分组从电路中删除节点。 当向组播虚拟电路添加节点时，提供拓扑分析过程以防止形成不稳定的网络拓扑。
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公开(公告)号：US5428615A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US278686
申请日：1994-07-21
CPC分类号： H04L45/742 , H04L12/1836 , H04L12/46 , H04L2212/00
摘要： A connection apparatus for connecting a first communication system with a second communication system and a third communication system. A first frame is received from the first communication system, where the first frame has a multicast address as a destination address, and where the destination address requires the first frame to be transmitted onto the second communication system. The multicast address is translated into a functional address, and the functional address is written into a second frame transmitted onto the second communication system. The second frame is received and is transmitted onto a third communication system, and the functional address is translated into a multicast address for the third communication system, and the multicast address is written into a destination field of the frame as it is transmitted onto the third communication system. The second communication system may be a token ring system based upon an IEEE 802.5 standard, and the functional address may be written into a DSAP field and into a PROTOCOL TYPE field of an 802.5 Standard frame.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将第一通信系统与第二通信系统和第三通信系统连接的连接装置。 从第一通信系统接收第一帧，其中第一帧具有多播地址作为目的地地址，并且其中目的地地址要求将第一帧发送到第二通信系统。 将多播地址转换为功能地址，将功能地址写入发送到第二通信系统的第二帧。 第二帧被接收并被发送到第三通信系统，并且将功能地址转换为第三通信系统的多播地址，并且将多播地址写入帧的目的地字段，因为它被发送到第三通信系统 通讯系统 第二通信系统可以是基于IEEE 802.5标准的令牌环系统，并且功能地址可以被写入DSAP字段和802.5标准帧的协议类型字段中。
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6.发明授权Encapsulation of an address within a forwarded frame in a computer communications system 失效在计算机通信系统中的转发帧内的地址的封装
公开(公告)号：US5450407A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US255309
申请日：1994-06-07
申请人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
发明人： Radia J. Perlman , William R. Hawe
CPC分类号： H04L45/742 , H04L12/1836 , H04L12/46 , H04L2212/00
摘要： A frame having a desired destination address written into the destination address field of the frame is transmitted onto a first communications system, the frame is received by the apparatus, the frame is transmitted by the apparatus onto a second communications system with a second destination address written into the destination address field of the second frame, and also the desired destination address is written into a predetermined field of the second frame along with an indicator. The indicator is capable if being interpreted by a receiving station to mean that the desired destination address is written into the predetermined field of the second frame.
摘要翻译： 将具有写入帧的目的地地址字段的期望目的地地址的帧发送到第一通信系统上，该帧由设备接收，该帧由该设备发送到具有写入的第二目的地地址的第二通信系统 进入第二帧的目的地地址字段，并且期望的目的地地址与指示符一起写入第二帧的预定字段。 如果由接收台解释，则指示符能够表示将期望的目的地地址写入第二帧的预定字段。
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7.发明授权Router using multiple hop redirect messages to enable bridge like data forwarding 失效路由器使用多跳重定向消息来启用像数据转发这样的桥梁
公开(公告)号：US5500860A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-19
申请号：US716027
申请日：1991-06-14
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L12/4625
摘要： An apparatus for forwarding a data packet from a first link to a second link is disclosed. The apparatus is coupled with a plurality of computer networks through ports on the apparatus. The apparatus maintains a spanning tree list indicating which of the apparatus ports are active. The apparatus receives a packet, and determines if the packet was received from a port that is active. If the packet was received from a port that is not active, the packet is discarded. If the packet is not discarded, the data link source address of the packet is stored in a database within the apparatus for the computer network coupled with the port from which the packet was received. The apparatus then decides, responsive to a contents of a data link destination address field in the packet, whether to forward the packet as a bridge or to forward the packet as a router. If the apparatus forwards the packet as a router, the apparatus sends a redirect message to update the data link layer destination address used by the originating station to contain the data link layer address of the destination station where the destination station is on a link remote from the link of the originating station. For the subsequent packets the apparatus then behaves as a bridge by forwarding the subsequent packets based upon parsing of only the Data Link Header. For forwarding of subsequent packets, the apparatus is advantageously fast, in accordance with bridge operation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将数据分组从第一链路转发到第二链路的装置。 该设备通过设备上的端口与多个计算机网络耦合。 设备维护生成树列表，指示哪些设备端口是活动的。 该装置接收一个分组，并确定该分组是否从一个活跃的端口接收到。 如果从不活动的端口接收到数据包，则丢弃该数据包。 如果分组不被丢弃，则分组的数据链路源地址被存储在与从其接收分组的端口耦合的计算机网络的装置内的数据库中。 然后，该装置响应于分组中的数据链路目的地址字段的内容，决定是否将分组转发为桥接器，或者转发该分组作为路由器。 如果该装置将该分组作为路由器转发，则该装置发送重定向消息，以更新由始发站使用的数据链路层目的地址，以包含目的站在远程远程链路上的目的站的数据链路层地址 始发站的链接。 对于随后的分组，装置然后基于仅解析数据链路报头来转发后续分组来表现为桥。 为了转发后续分组，该装置有利地是快速的，根据桥接操作。
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8.发明授权Method of issuance and revocation of certificates of authenticity used in public key networks and other systems 失效发布和撤销公钥网络等系统中使用的真实性证书的方法
公开(公告)号：US5261002A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US850593
申请日：1992-03-13
CPC分类号： G07F7/1016 , H04L9/3263
摘要： A technique for issuing and revoking user certificates of authenticity in a public key cryptography system, wherein certificates do not need expiration dates, and the inconvenience and overhead associated with routine certificate renewals are minimized or avoided entirely. A Certification Authority issues certificates as required, and issues a blacklist having a start date, an expiration date, and an entry for every invalid certificate issued after the start date. Users assume that every certificate issued prior to the blacklist start date is invalid, and that invalid certificates issued after the start date will be included in the current blacklist. A new blacklist is issued prior to expiration of the current one, and the blacklist start date is changed only when the blacklist becomes unmanageably long.
摘要翻译： 一种在公共密钥加密系统中发布和撤销用户证书的真实性的技术，其中证书不需要过期日期，并且与常规证书更新相关联的不便和开销被最小化或完全避免。 证书颁发机构根据需要颁发证书，并发出黑名单，具有开始日期，到期日期和开始日期之后发出的每个无效证书的条目。 用户假设在黑名单开始日期之前发出的每个证书无效，并且在开始日期之后发出的无效证书将被包含在当前的黑名单中。 在当前黑名单到期之前发出新的黑名单，黑名单开始日期只有在黑名单变得难以控制的时候才会改变。
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公开(公告)号：US5351295A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-27
申请号：US86596
申请日：1993-07-01
CPC分类号： H04L9/3226 , H04L9/3297
摘要： A secure arrangement in which stations in a communications network are informed of the addresses of their neighbors by means of identifying messages transmitted by the stations. To prevent the insertion of illegitimate stations into the network, the system makes use of passwords included in the station-identifying messages. In networks where eavesdropping is possible, the passwords are encrypted versions of the identities of the stations transmitting the messages and in systems where stations can also be impersonated, the encrypted passwords also include time stamps.
摘要翻译： 通过识别站发送的消息，可以将通信网络中的站通知其邻居的地址。 为了防止将非法站插入网络，系统利用站识别消息中包含的密码。 在可能进行窃听的网络中，密码是发送消息的电台的身份的加密版本，以及在电台也可以被模拟的系统中，加密的密码也包括时间戳。
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公开(公告)号：US5574860A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US29815
申请日：1993-03-11
IPC分类号： H04L12/751 , H04B3/00 , H04J3/00 , H04J13/00
CPC分类号： H04L45/02
摘要： A technique for generating, distributing and maintaining a list of operational nodes in a network using a nonbroadcast communication medium, wherein the nodes first collectively agree on the identity of a designated node. Once the designated node is agreed on, the other nodes periodically send Hello messages to it and the designated nodes compiles a list of operational nodes based in part on the Hello messages it receives, and periodically sends a Hello message to each node on the list. The Hello message from the designated node includes a list of addresses of active neighbor nodes, so that every node periodically receives a list of operational neighbor nodes. The number of messages needed to implement this scheme is proportional to the number of nodes, rather than the square of the number of nodes as in a conventional approach in which each node advised every other node of its presence. Selection of the designated node can be on the basis of some unique property of each node, such as identification number or an encoded priority.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用非广播通信介质来生成，分发和维护网络中的操作节点的列表的技术，其中节点首先共同地就所指定的节点的身份达成一致。 一旦指定节点达成一致，其他节点就会定期向其发送Hello消息，并且指定的节点将根据接收到的Hello消息编译一个操作节点列表，并定期向列表中的每个节点发送一个Hello消息。 来自指定节点的Hello消息包括活动邻居节点的地址列表，使得每个节点周期性地接收操作的邻居节点的列表。 实现该方案所需的消息数量与节点数量成比例，而不是像常规方法中节点数量的平方，其中每个节点建议其存在的每个其他节点。 指定节点的选择可以基于每个节点的某些独特属性，例如标识号或编码优先级。
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