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1.发明授权Super-sampling and gradient estimation in a ray-casting volume rendering system 有权射线投射体绘制系统中的超采样和梯度估计公开(公告)号：US06483507B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-19
申请号：US09862901
申请日：2001-05-22
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/10
摘要： A volume rendering processor renders a two-dimensional image from a volume data set of voxels constituting a three-dimensional representation of an object. Voxel memory interface logic retrieves the voxels from a voxel memory in a scanned order with respect to X, Y and Z coordinate axes, the Z axis being the axis most nearly parallel to a predefined viewing direction. The set of voxels having equal Z coordinate values are referred to as a “slice” of voxels. Interpolation logic calculates a sequence of samples from the retrieved voxels such that (i) each sample lies along a corresponding imaginary ray extending through the object parallel to the viewing direction, (ii) each sample results from interpolating the eight voxels surrounding the sample in the XYZ coordinate system. “Supersampling” in the Z dimension is performed such that the number of samples calculated for each ray is greater than the number of slices of voxels in the volume data set. Gradient calculation logic calculates for each sample respective gradients in the X, Y and Z directions for use by classification and illumination logic. The X and Y gradients are calculated from the samples emitted by the interpolation logic, and Z gradients are calculated by (i) calculating Z gradients at the voxel positions from voxel values retrieved from memory, and (ii) interpolating the voxel Z gradients to arrive at the Z gradients at the sample positions.
摘要翻译： 体绘制处理器从构成对象的三维表示的体素数据集合呈现二维图像。 体素存储器接口逻辑以相对于X，Y和Z坐标轴的扫描顺序从体素存储器检索体素，Z轴是最接近平行于预定观察方向的轴。 具有相等Z坐标值的一组体素被称为体素的“切片”。 插值逻辑从所检索的体素计算样本序列，使得（i）每个样本沿着平行于观察方向延伸穿过物体的相应假想射线位于（ii）每个样本由内插样本周围的八个体素 XYZ坐标系。 执行Z维度中的“超采样”，使得针对每个射线计算的样本数量大于体数据集中体素的数量。 梯度计算逻辑计算X，Y和Z方向上每个样本各个梯度的分类和照明逻辑使用的梯度。 由内插逻辑发射的样本计算X和Y梯度，并且（i）通过（i）从存储器检索的体素值计算体素位置处的Z梯度来计算Z梯度，以及（ii）内插体素Z梯度以到达 在Z样品位置的梯度。
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公开(公告)号：US06262740B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09318430
申请日：1999-05-25
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： A method renders a volume data set including a plurality of voxels. In the method, a). the volume data set is apportioned into a plurality of sections. Then, b). a first one of the plurality of sections is rendered by sequentially reading groups of voxels from an external memory and rendering the groups of voxels in the section. Then, c). any accumulated data from the rendering of the first one of the plurality of sections is stored in a temporary storage device. Then, a next one of the plurality of sections is rendered by sequentially reading groups of voxels of the next one of the plurality of sections from an external memory and rendering the groups of voxels, the rendering incorporating accumulated data from the temporary storage device, and then any accumulated data from the rendering of the next one of the plurality of sections is stored in the temporary storage device. Steps d and e are repeated until each of the plurality of sections of the volume data set have been rendered.
摘要翻译： 一种方法呈现包括多个体素的体数据集。 在该方法中，a）。 音量数据集被分配成多个部分。 然后，b）。 通过从外部存储器中依次读取体素组并渲染该部分中的体素组来呈现多个部分中的第一部分。 然后，c）。 来自多个部分中的第一个部分的呈现的任何累积数据被存储在临时存储装置中。 然后，通过从外部存储器顺序地读取多个部分中的下一个部分的体素组，并且渲染结合来自临时存储装置的累积数据的体素组，并渲染多个部分中的下一个部分，以及 那么来自多个部分中的下一个部分的呈现的任何累积数据被存储在临时存储装置中。 重复步骤d和e，直到卷数据集的多个部分中的每一个已被渲染。
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公开(公告)号：US06219061B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09320365
申请日：1999-05-25
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： A volume graphics device renders a volume data set. The volume data set is apportioned into blocks of volume data, and each of the blocks are apportioned into a plurality of mini-blocks, each mini-block includes at least two voxels of volume data. The volume graphics device includes memory apportioned into a plurality of portions, wherein neighboring blocks of the volume data set are each stored in different ones of the plurality of portions of the memory, and wherein the mini-blocks of each block are stored in consecutive locations in the portion of memory associated with the associated block.
摘要翻译： 卷图形设备呈现卷数据集。 音量数据组被分配成音量数据的块，并且每个块被分配成多个微块，每个迷你块包括体数据的至少两个体素。 体积图形装置包括分配到多个部分中的存储器，其中卷数据组的相邻块各自存储在存储器的多个部分的不同部分中，并且其中每个块的小块被存储在连续位置 在与相关块相关联的存储器部分中。
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公开(公告)号：US06243098B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09318344
申请日：1999-05-25
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： An apparatus renders a volume data set including a plurality of voxels stored in a voxel memory. The apparatus includes a plurality of pipelines operating in parallel. Each pipeline includes a buffer storing at least one block of at least two voxels of the volume data set. An interpolation stage reads the at least one block of at least two voxels from the buffer. A gradient estimation stage receives an output from the interpolation stage. A compositing stage receives an output from the gradient estimation stage. The apparatus also includes a plurality of interface devices, wherein each interface device couples a particular stage only to an adjacent identical stage in a neighboring pipeline so that identical stages of the pipelines are connected in a ring.
摘要翻译： 装置呈现包括存储在体素存储器中的多个体素的体数据集。 该装置包括并行操作的多条管线。 每个流水线包括存储体数据集的至少两个体素的至少一个块的缓冲器。 内插级从缓冲器读取至少两个体素的至少一个块。 梯度估计级接收来自插值级的输出。 合成阶段接收梯度估计阶段的输出。 该设备还包括多个接口设备，其中每个接口设备仅将特定级联在相邻管线中的相邻相同级，使得管道的相同级连接在环中。
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公开(公告)号：US6008813A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US905238
申请日：1997-08-01
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： Apparatus is provided to enable real-time volume rendering on a personal computer or a desktop computer in which a technique involving blocking of voxel data organizes the data so that all voxels within a block are stored at consecutive memory addresses within a single memory model, making possible fetching an entire block of data in a burst rather than one voxel at a time. This permits utilization of DRAM memory modules which provide high capacity and low cost with substantial space savings. Additional techniques including sectioning reduces the amount of intermediate storage in a processing pipeline to an acceptable level for semiconductor implementation. A multiplexing technique takes advantage of blocking to reduce the amount of data needed to be transmitted per block, thus reducing the number of pins and the rates at which data must be transmitted across the pins connecting adjacent processing modules with each other. A mini-blocking technique saves the time needed to process sections by avoiding reading entire blocks for voxels near the boundary between a section and previously processed sections.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于在个人计算机或台式计算机上实时体积渲染的装置，其中涉及阻塞体素数据的技术组织数据，使得块内的所有体素被存储在单个存储器模型内的连续存储器地址处，使得 一次可能在突发而不是一个体素中获取整个数据块。 这允许利用提供高容量和低成本的DRAM存储器模块，同时节省了大量空间。 包括切片的其他技术将处理管线中的中间存储量减少到半导体实现的可接受水平。 复用技术利用阻塞来减少每个块需要传输的数据量，从而减少引脚数量和数据必须在连接相邻处理模块的引脚之间传输的速率。 微型阻塞技术通过避免读取部分和先前处理的部分之间边界附近的体素的整个块来节省处理部分所需的时间。
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公开(公告)号：US06512517B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-28
申请号：US09315742
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Kenneth W. Correll , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , Stephen F. Mason , Takahide Ohkami , William R. Peet , Hanspeter Pfister , Beverly J. Schultz , Jay C. Wilkinson
发明人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Kenneth W. Correll , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , Stephen F. Mason , Takahide Ohkami , William R. Peet , Hanspeter Pfister , Beverly J. Schultz , Jay C. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/20 , G06T15/005 , G06T2200/28
摘要： A volume rendering integrated circuit includes a plurality of interconnected pipelines having stages operating in parallel. The stages of the pipelines are interconnected in a ring, with data being passed in only one direction around the ring. The volume integrated circuit also includes a render controller for controlling the flow of volume data to and from the pipelines and for controlling rendering operations of the pipelines. The integrated circuit may further include interfaces for coupling the integrated circuit to various storage devices and to a host computer.
摘要翻译： 体绘制集成电路包括具有并行操作的多个相互连接的管道。 管道的阶段以环形相互连接，数据仅在围绕环的一个方向上传递。 音量集成电路还包括一个渲染控制器，用于控制到管道和从管道流出的数据流量，并用于控制管线的渲染操作。 集成电路还可以包括用于将集成电路耦合到各种存储设备和主计算机的接口。
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公开(公告)号：US06407737B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09315400
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： Tiecheng Zhao , Vishal C. Bhatia , Jan C. Hardenbergh , James M. Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： Tiecheng Zhao , Vishal C. Bhatia , Jan C. Hardenbergh , James M. Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/10
摘要： A volume data set having voxels arranged according to an object coordinate system is shear-warp rendered by partitioning, relative to the object coordinate system, the volume data set into a plurality of axis aligned sets of voxels. The selected axis aligned sets of voxels are rendered as pixels in intermediate baseplanes. There is one intermediate baseplane for each selected set of axis aligned voxels. The intermediate baseplanes are combined and warped to an image.
摘要翻译： 具有根据对象坐标系排列的体元的体数据集是通过相对于对象坐标系将体数据集分割成多个轴对齐的体元组而进行的剪切变形。 所选择的轴对齐的体素集被渲染为中间基板中的像素。 每个选定的一组轴对齐的体素有一个中间基准面。 将中间基板组合并翘曲成图像。
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公开(公告)号：US06532017B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09315178
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , William R. Peet , Takahide Ohkami , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , William R. Peet , Takahide Ohkami , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G06T15/08
摘要： A plurality of identical rendering pipelines are connected in parallel to read an array of voxels and to write an array of pixels. Each pipeline processes one voxel in one processing cycle of the pipelines. Each pipeline includes a plurality of serially connected different stages. The stages can include interpolation, classification, gradient estimation, illumination, and compositing stages. Interfaces connect identical stages in adjacent pipelines as one-way rings to communicate information associated with spatially adjacent voxels, and delay buffers connected parallel to particular stages communicate information associated with temporally adjacent voxels.
摘要翻译： 多个相同的呈现管线并联连接以读取体素数组并写入像素阵列。 每个管道在管道的一个处理循环中处理一个体素。 每个管道包括多个串联连接的不同级。 阶段可以包括插值，分类，梯度估计，照明和合成阶段。 接口将相邻管道中的相同级连接为单向环以传送与空间相邻体素相关联的信息，并且与特定级并联连接的延迟缓冲器传送与时间相邻体素相关联的信息。
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9.发明授权Incrementally calculated cut-plane region for viewing a portion of a volume data set in real-time 有权增量计算的切面区域用于实时查看体数据集的一部分公开(公告)号：US06211884B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09190303
申请日：1998-11-12
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/40
摘要： A volume rendering processor establishes a cut-plane region of a volume data set, the cut-plane region being defined by a plane equation and minimum and maximum distance values representing the values of the plane equation at outer faces of the cut-plane region. The plane equation is evaluated for each sample of the volume data, the result is compared with the minimum and maximum distance values to determine whether the sample is in the cut-plane region, and the visibility of the sample is adjusted depending on the comparison result. The plane equation is evaluated by continually accumulating the coefficient values in an order indicated by the ordering of the sequence of samples. Evaluation logic includes an accumulator, a 2-input adder, registers for saving intermediate accumulated values in corresponding dimensions of the volume data, multiplexers for selecting the adder inputs from among the coefficient values, the output of the accumulator and the values in the registers, and visibility calculation logic that adjusts the samples' visibility depending on the relationship between the output of the accumulator and the minimum and maximum distance values. In an inclusive operating mode, the visibility of the sample is set to zero if it is outside the cut-plane region, and in an exclusive mode the sample's visibility is set to zero if it lies in the cut-plane region. Falloff regions at each face of the cut-plane region are used to gradually adjust sample visibility to provide a smooth appearance.
摘要翻译： 体绘制处理器建立体数据集的切面区域，切面区域由平面方程定义，最小和最大距离值表示在切面区域的外表面处的平面方程的值。 对体积数据的每个样本评估平面方程，将结果与最小和最大距离值进行比较，以确定样品是否在切面区域，并根据比较结果调整样品的可见性 。 通过以样本序列的顺序指示的顺序连续累积系数值来评估平面方程。 评估逻辑包括累加器，2-输入加法器，用于在体数据的相应维度中保存中间累加值的寄存器，用于从系数值中选择加法器输入的多路复用器，累加器的输出和寄存器中的值， 以及可见度计算逻辑，其根据累加器的输出与最小和最大距离值之间的关系来调整样本的可视性。 在包容性操作模式中，如果样本在切面平面区域之外，则将样本的可视性设置为零，并且在独占模式中，如果样本的可视性位于切割平面区域中，则该样本的可视性设置为零。 使用切面区域的每个面的衰减区域逐渐调整样品的可见度以提供平滑的外观。
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公开(公告)号：US07609906B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-27
申请号：US11397227
申请日：2006-04-04
IPC分类号： G06K9/40
CPC分类号： H04N13/122
摘要： A method and system acquire and display light fields. A continuous light field is reconstructed from input samples of an input light field of a 3D scene acquired by cameras according to an acquisition parameterization. The continuous light is reparameterized according to a display parameterization and then prefiltering and sampled to produce output samples having the display parametrization. The output samples are displayed as an output light field using a 3D display device.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和系统获取和显示光场。 根据采集参数化，由摄像机获取的3D场景的输入光场的输入样本重建连续光场。 根据显示参数化对连续光进行重新参数化，然后对其进行预过滤和采样，以产生具有显示参数化的输出样本。 使用3D显示装置将输出样本显示为输出光场。
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