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公开(公告)号：US06495837B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09808216
申请日：2001-03-14
IPC分类号： G01T306
CPC分类号： G01T3/06
摘要： An improved fast neutron detector fabricated with alternating layers of hydrogenous, optically transparent, non scintillating material and scintillating material. Fast neutrons interact with the hydrogenous material generating recoil protons. The recoil protons enter the scintillating material resulting in scintillations. The detector is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates electrical pulses proportional in amplitude to the intensity of the scintillations, and therefore are an indication of the energy of the fast neutrons impinging upon the detector. Alternating layers of materials are dimensioned to optimize total efficiency of the detector, or to optimize the spectroscopy efficiency of the detector. The scintillating material is preferably ZnS, and the hydrogenous material is preferably plastic. The detector is ideally suited for well logging applications and fast neutron monitor applications.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的快中子探测器，它用氢，光学透明，非闪烁材料和闪烁材料的交替层制成。 快中子与产生反冲质子的氢原子相互作用。 反冲质子进入闪烁材料，导致闪烁。 检测器光学耦合到光电倍增管，其产生与振荡强度成比例的电脉冲，因此是撞击检测器的快中子的能量的指示。 尺寸为交替的材料层以优化检测器的总效率，或优化检测器的光谱效率。 闪烁材料优选为ZnS，并且氢材料优选为塑料。 该探测器非常适用于测井应用和快速中子监测应用。
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公开(公告)号：US06566657B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-20
申请号：US09808621
申请日：2001-03-14
IPC分类号： G01T306
CPC分类号： G01T3/06
摘要： An improved fast neutron detector fabricated with alternating layers of hydrogenous, optically transparent, non scintillating material and scintillating material. Fast neutrons interact with the hydrogenous material generating recoil protons. The recoil protons enter the scintillating material resulting in scintillations. The detector is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates electrical pulses proportional in amplitude to the intensity of the scintillations, and therefore are an indication of the energy of the fast neutrons impinging upon the detector. Alternating layers of materials are dimensioned to optimize total efficiency of the detector, or to optimize the spectroscopy efficiency of the detector. The scintillating material is preferably ZnS, and the hydrogenous material is preferably plastic. The detector is ideally suited for well logging applications and fast neutron monitor applications.
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公开(公告)号：US5900627A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US878545
申请日：1997-06-19
摘要： A device for measuring the density of a formation uses a high-energy pulsed neutron source which induces gamma rays in the formation, and determines a gamma diffusion length of the formation based on the attenuation of gamma rays produced by inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. The borehole tool houses the neutron source along with a near gamma ray detector and a far gamma ray detector. The gamma ray detectors are located at different distances from the fast neutron source and spaced sufficiently from the fast neutron source such that dependence of inelastic gamma counts on fast neutron transport and gamma production of the formation is substantially reduced. Gamma ray events can be sorted and counted in time- and energy-dependent bins. The present invention has several advantages over gamma-gamma logging, including deeper penetration of gamma, and is also superior over systems which measure, e.g., hydrogen-based porosity.
摘要翻译： 用于测量地层密度的装置使用在地层中引起γ射线的高能量脉冲中子源，并且基于由快中子的非弹性散射产生的γ射线的衰减来确定地层的伽马扩散长度。 井眼工具包含一个近伽马射线探测器和一个远伽马射线探测器的中子源。 伽马射线探测器位于与快中子源不同的距离处，并与快中子源充分隔开，使得非弹性伽马计数对地层的快速中子输运和γ生成的依赖性显着降低。 伽马射线事件可以在时间和能量依赖的箱中进行排序和计数。 本发明比伽马伽马测井具有几个优点，包括γ的更深的穿透，并且与测量例如氢基孔隙率的系统相比也是优越的。
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公开(公告)号：US07139350B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US10307033
申请日：2002-11-27
IPC分类号： G21G1/06
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation in a borehole environment using a YAlO3:Ce (YAP) scintillation crystal. Borehole instruments are disclosed which employ a gamma ray detector comprising a YAP scintillator coupled to a light sensing means such as a photomultiplier tube. One instrument embodiment combines a YAP scintillation detector and a source of pulsed neutrons. Borehole environs are irradiated with neutrons, and induced gamma radiation is measured using a YAP scintillation detector. Response of the detector is used to determine characteristics of the borehole environs. Mechanical and physical properties of YAP are utilized to obtain improved measurements. The relatively short light decay constant of YAP minimized pulse pile-up in the detector when measurements require that the detector be operated during a neutron pulse.
摘要翻译： 使用YAlO 3：Ce（YAP）闪烁晶体在井眼环境中测量辐射的装置和方法。 公开了一种钻孔仪器，其采用伽马射线检测器，其包括耦合到诸如光电倍增管之类的光感测装置的YAP闪烁体。 一个仪器实施例组合了YAP闪烁检测器和脉冲中子源。 用中子照射钻孔环境，并使用YAP闪烁检测器测量诱导的γ辐射。 检测器的响应用于确定钻孔环境的特征。 使用YAP的机械和物理性能来获得改进的测量。 当测量要求在中子脉冲期间操作检测器时，YAP的相对短的光衰减常数使检测器中的脉冲堆积最小化。
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5.发明授权Apparatus and methods for measurement of density of materials using a neutron source and two spectrometers 有权使用中子源和两个光谱仪测量材料密度的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US06738720B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US09997134
申请日：2001-11-29
申请人： Richard C. Odom , Robert D. Wilson
发明人： Richard C. Odom , Robert D. Wilson
IPC分类号： G01V510
CPC分类号： G01N9/24
摘要： A system for measuring density of material which can be embodied to measuring bulk density of material penetrated by a borehole. The probe component of the system comprises a source of neutron radiation and preferably two gamma ray spectrometers. The neutron source induces gamma radiation with energies up to about 10 MeV within the material being measured. Formation bulk density is determined by combining spectra of the induced gamma radiation with preferably two gamma ray spectrometers at differing axial spacings from the source. The high energy and dispersed nature of the induced gamma radiation yields greater radial depth of investigation than that obtainable with prior art backscatter density systems, which typically use gamma ray sources local to a probe and of energy about 1.3 MeV or less. The system can alternately be embodied to measure other material properties and to measure density of materials not penetrated by a borehole.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量材料密度的系统，其可以体现为测量钻孔渗透的材料的堆积密度。 该系统的探针部件包括中子辐射源，优选两个伽马射线光谱仪。 在测量的材料中，中子源引发能量高达约10MeV的γ辐射。 通过将诱导的γ辐射与来自源的不同轴向间隔的优选两个伽马射线光谱仪的光谱组合来确定形成堆积密度。 诱导伽马辐射的高能量和分散性质比现有技术的反向散射密度系统可获得更大的径向深度，其通常使用探针局部的伽马射线源和约1.3MeV或更小的能量。 该系统可以替代地体现为测量其他材料性质并测量未被钻孔渗透的材料的密度。
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6.发明授权Apparatus and method for determining density, porosity and fluid saturation of formations penetrated by a borehole 有权用于确定钻孔穿透的地层的密度，孔隙度和流体饱和度的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US06936812B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US10852443
申请日：2004-05-24
CPC分类号： G01V5/104
摘要： A borehole logging system for determining bulk density, porosity and formation gas/liquid fluid saturation of formation penetrated by a borehole. Measures of fast neutron radiation and inelastic scatter gamma radiation, induced by a pulsed neutron source, are combined with an iterative numerical solution of a two-group diffusion model to obtain the formation parameters of interest. Double-valued ambiguities in prior art measurements are removed by using the iterative solution of the inverted two-group diffusion model. The system requires two gamma ray detectors at different axial spacings from the source, and a single neutron detector axially spaced between the two gamma ray detectors. The system can be embodied as a wireline system or as a logging-while-drilling system.
摘要翻译： 一种钻孔测井系统，用于确定钻孔渗透的地层的堆积密度，孔隙度和形成气体/液体液体饱和度。 由脉冲中子源诱发的快中子辐射和非弹性散射γ辐射的测量结合了两组扩散模型的迭代数值解，以获得感兴趣的地层参数。 通过使用反向两组扩散模型的迭代解，去除现有技术测量中的双值歧义。 该系统需要两个伽马射线探测器，与源不同的轴向间隔，以及在两个伽马射线探测器之间轴向隔开的单个中子探测器。 该系统可以体现为有线系统或作为钻井测井系统。
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公开(公告)号：US06639210B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09805798
申请日：2001-03-14
IPC分类号： G01V510
CPC分类号： G01T3/06
摘要： An improved fast neutron detector fabricated with alternating layers of hydrogenous, optically transparent, non scintillating material and scintillating material. Fast neutrons interact with the hydrogenous material generating recoil protons. The recoil protons enter the scintillating material resulting in scintillations. The detector is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates electrical pulses proportional in amplitude to the intensity of the scintillations, and therefore are an indication of the energy of the fast neutrons impinging upon the detector. Alternating layers of materials are dimensioned to optimize total efficiency of the detector, or to optimize the spectroscopy efficiency of the detector. The scintillating material is preferably ZnS, and the hydrogenous material is preferably plastic. The detector is ideally suited for well logging applications and fast neutron monitor applications.
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公开(公告)号：US4237770A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-09
申请号：US63281
申请日：1979-08-02
申请人： Gregory K. Harrison , George D. Pope , Richard F. Riel , Donald A. Kobb , Charley T. Kelley , David J. Lawrence , Donald R. Conn , Richard C. Odom
发明人： Gregory K. Harrison , George D. Pope , Richard F. Riel , Donald A. Kobb , Charley T. Kelley , David J. Lawrence , Donald R. Conn , Richard C. Odom
CPC分类号： B60T13/57
摘要： A valve for use in a pressure differentially operated servo-motor to regulate the flow of fluid through a bore in a hub from first and second sources in response to movement of an input member by an operator. The valve has a resilient disc member with a peripheral surface and a central opening. First and second annular ribs symmetrically extend from opposite sides of the disc adjacent the central opening. A spring connected to the input member holds the peripheral surface in sealing engagement with the hub. In a first mode of operation, the spring holds the input member against the first annular rib to allow the fluid from the first source to freely communicate between first and second passages in the hub by way of the bore. In a second mode or operation, the input member moves out of contact with the first rib; however, the internal resiliency of the disc and a pressure differential created across the disc between the first and second sources of fluid moves the first rib into contact with a seat in the hub to inhibit flow communication of and fluid from the first source through the bore while allowing the fluid from the second source to freely flow through the second passage to create the pressure differential from operating the servomotor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于压力差动伺服电动机的阀，用于响应于操作者的输入构件的运动，调节来自第一和第二源的毂中的孔的流体流动。 阀具有具有外围表面和中心开口的弹性盘件。 第一和第二环形肋从邻近中心开口的盘的相对侧对称地延伸。 连接到输入构件的弹簧保持与轮毂密封接合的周边表面。 在第一操作模式中，弹簧将输入构件保持抵靠第一环形肋，以允许来自第一源的流体通过孔而在毂中的第一和第二通道之间自由连通。 在第二模式或操作中，输入构件与第一肋移动脱离接触; 然而，盘的内部弹性和在第一和第二流体源之间跨越盘产生的压力差使第一肋与毂中的座接触，以阻止与第一源通过孔的流体连通和流体 同时允许来自第二源的流体自由地流过第二通道以产生操作伺服电动机的压力差。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090152456A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-18
申请号：US11955608
申请日：2007-12-13
IPC分类号： G01V5/12
CPC分类号： G01N23/06 , E21B47/1015 , E21B49/08 , G01N2223/1013 , G01N2223/601 , G01N2223/616
摘要： Apparatus and methods for determining one or more fluid parameters of interest by irradiating fluid with a source of nuclear electromagnetic radiation and subsequently measuring attenuation and absorption properties of the fluid from which parameters of interest are determined. Measurements are made with a formation tester tool comprising preferably two functionally configured flow lines. The source simultaneously irradiates fluid contained in opposing irradiation sections that can be integral sections of each of the two flow lines. A radiation detector is dedicated to each irradiation section and measures radiation attenuation and absorption properties fluid contained within each flow line section. Absolute and relative fluid parameters of interest are determined from the responses of the two radiation detectors.
摘要翻译： 用于通过用核电磁辐射源照射流体并随后测量确定感兴趣参数的流体的衰减和吸收特性来确定感兴趣的一个或多个流体参数的装置和方法。 使用地层测试器工具进行测量，优选地包括两个功能上构造的流线。 源同时照射包含在相对照射部分中的流体，其可以是两个流动管线中的每一个的整体部分。 辐射检测器专用于每个照射部分并且测量每个流动线路部分内包含的辐射衰减和吸收特性流体。 感兴趣的绝对和相对流体参数由两个辐射探测器的响应确定。
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10.发明授权Borehole measurements using a fast and high energy resolution gamma ray detector assembly 有权使用快速和高能量分辨率伽马射线探测器组件进行钻孔测量公开(公告)号：US07999220B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-16
申请号：US12129812
申请日：2008-05-30
申请人： Richard C. Odom
发明人： Richard C. Odom
IPC分类号： G01V5/12
摘要： A gamma ray detector assembly for a borehole logging system that requires the measure of gamma radiation with optimized gamma ray energy resolution and with fast emission times required to obtain meaningful measurements in high radiation fields. The detector assembly comprises a lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) scintillation crystal and a digital spectrometer that cooperates with the crystal to maximize pulse processing throughput by digital filtering and digital pile-up inspection of the pulses. The detector assembly is capable of digital pulse measurement and digital pile-up inspection with dead-time less than 600 nanoseconds per event. Pulse height can be accurately measured (corrected for pile-up effects) for 2 pulses separated by as little as 150 nanoseconds. Although the invention is applicable to virtually any borehole logging methodology that uses the measure of gamma radiation in harsh borehole conditions, the invention is particularly applicable to carbon/oxygen logging.
摘要翻译： 一种用于钻孔测井系统的伽马射线探测器组件，其需要具有优化的伽马射线能量分辨率和具有在高辐射场中获得有意义的测量所需的快速发射时间的伽马辐射测量。 检测器组件包括溴化镧（LaBr3）闪烁晶体和与晶体配合的数字光谱仪，以通过脉冲的数字滤波和数字堆积检查来最大化脉冲处理吞吐量。 检测器组件能够进行数字脉冲测量和数字堆积检查，死区时间小于每个事件600纳秒。 脉冲高度可以精确测量（对于堆积效应进行校正），对于两分之一短达150纳秒的脉冲。 尽管本发明可应用于在苛刻井眼条件下使用伽马射线测量的几乎任何钻孔测井方法，但本发明特别适用于碳/氧测井。
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