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    Novel polyamide reverse osmosis membranes
    4.
    发明授权
    Novel polyamide reverse osmosis membranes 失效
    新型聚酰胺反渗透膜

    公开(公告)号：US4859384A

    公开(公告)日：1989-08-22

    申请号：US205576

    申请日：1988-06-13

    申请人： Richard F. Fibiger ,  Ja-young Koo ,  David J. Forgach ,  Robert J. Petersen ,  Donald L. Schmidt ,  Ritchie A. Wessling ,  Thomas F. Stocker

    发明人： Richard F. Fibiger ,  Ja-young Koo ,  David J. Forgach ,  Robert J. Petersen ,  Donald L. Schmidt ,  Ritchie A. Wessling ,  Thomas F. Stocker

    IPC分类号： B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/56

    CPC分类号： B01D69/125 ,  B01D71/56 ,  Y10S264/48 ,  Y10S264/62

    摘要： An improved composite polyamide membrane and methods of making the membrane are described. This improved membrane is prepared using a cationic polymeric wetting agent in an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional amine reactant which is interfacially polymerized with an acyl halide to form a thin film polyamide discriminating layer on a microporous support. Alternatively, the wetting agent can be applied directly to the substrate and the interfacial polymerization can occur on said treated substrate. The resulting membrane exhibits an unexpected combination of high water flux, high rejection of divalent anion salts, variable sodium chloride rejection and good caustic resistance at low operating pressures. In one embodiment of this invention, a porous substrate is first treated with an aqueous piperazine solution containing a copolymer of vinylbenzyl dimethyl sulfonium chloride and methacrylic acid and then the coated microporous support is contacted with trimesoyl chloride in an organic solvent.

    摘要翻译： 描述了改进的复合聚酰胺膜和制造膜的方法。 这种改进的膜是使用阳离子聚合物润湿剂在含有多官能胺反应物的水溶液中制备的，该反应物与酰基卤进行界面聚合以在微孔载体上形成薄膜聚酰胺鉴别层。 或者，润湿剂可以直接施加到基底上，并且界面聚合可以发生在所述经处理的基底上。 所得膜在低操作压力下表现出高水通量，二价阴离子盐的高排斥性，可变的氯化钠排除和良好的耐碱性的意想不到的组合。 在本发明的一个实施方案中，首先用含有乙烯基苄基二甲基氯化锍和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物的哌嗪水溶液处理多孔基材，然后将涂覆的微孔载体与均苯三甲酰氯在有机溶剂中接触。

    Enzyme immobilization with polysulfonium salts
    10.
    发明授权
    Enzyme immobilization with polysulfonium salts 失效
    用多锍盐固定酶

    公开(公告)号：US4929556A

    公开(公告)日：1990-05-29

    申请号：US216916

    申请日：1988-07-08

    申请人： Roberta C. Cheng ,  Ritchie A. Wessling ,  Donald L. Schmidt

    发明人： Roberta C. Cheng ,  Ritchie A. Wessling ,  Donald L. Schmidt

    IPC分类号： C12N11/02 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C12P19/24

    CPC分类号： C12P19/24 ,  C12N11/02 ,  C12N11/12

    摘要： Polysulfonium salts that can react with nucleophilic groups and covalently cross-link are used to immobilize enzymes or enzyme-containing cellular material. Some of the polysulfonium salts can both flocculate and covalently cross-link. Replacement of the cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, with the polysulfonium salt results in greater retention of enzyme activity during immobilization. Immobilization is carried out by forming a mixture of an enzyme or enzyme-containing cellular material and the polysulfonium salt and subjecting the mixture to conditions such that sulfonium ions react with nucleophilic groups contained by the enzyme or cellular material to form a covalently cross-linked and water insoluble product. The enzyme or cellular material may be flocculated with a flocculating agent prior to cross-linking with the polysulfonium salt. The polysulfonium salt can be a polymer containing sulfonium groups.

    摘要翻译： 可与亲核基团反应并共价交联的聚锍盐用于固定酶或含酶细胞材料。 一些聚锍盐可以絮凝和共价交联。 用聚锍盐替代交联剂戊二醛导致固定期间酶活性的更大保留。 通过形成酶或含酶细胞材料和聚锍盐的混合物进行固定，并使混合物经受使锍离子与酶或细胞材料所含的亲核基团反应以形成共价交联和 水不溶物。 在与多锍盐交联之前，酶或细胞材料可以用絮凝剂絮凝。 聚锍盐可以是含有锍基团的聚合物。