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1.发明申请Thermal switch material suitable for use in controlling short circuits in lithium-ion batteries and method of making the thermal switch material 审中-公开适用于控制锂离子电池短路的热开关材料及制作热开关材料的方法公开(公告)号：US20100255353A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12653655
申请日：2009-12-15
申请人： Robert C. McDonald , Katherine E. Harrison , Shelly L. Van Blarcom , Shannon O'Toole , Michael P. Moeller
发明人： Robert C. McDonald , Katherine E. Harrison , Shelly L. Van Blarcom , Shannon O'Toole , Michael P. Moeller
CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 , H01B1/122 , H01M2/348 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/663 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/668 , H01M2200/10 , Y10T428/31544
摘要： A composite thermal switch material suitable for use in controlling short circuits in lithium ion batteries. The switch material comprises a substantially homogeneous matrix of metallic nanoparticles and non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles, the non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles being fused to one another and having a greater thermal expansion coefficient than the metallic nanoparticles, the metallic nanoparticles and the non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles being present in said substantially homogeneous matrix in relative proportions such that the composite thermal switch material is electrically conductive below a switching temperature and is substantially non-electrically conductive at or above the switching temperature.
摘要翻译： 一种适用于控制锂离子电池短路的复合热敏开关材料。 开关材料包括金属纳米颗粒和非导电聚合物纳米颗粒的基本上均匀的基质，非导电聚合物纳米颗粒彼此熔合并且具有比金属纳米颗粒，金属纳米颗粒和非导电聚合物纳米颗粒更大的热膨胀系数， 导电聚合物纳米颗粒以相对比例存在于所述基本均匀的基质中，使得复合热敏开关材料在开关温度之下导电，并且在开关温度以上或高于开关温度时基本上不导电。
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公开(公告)号：US20090218235A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-03
申请号：US12317935
申请日：2008-12-29
IPC分类号： G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/127 , G01N33/0047
摘要： Metal-oxide gas sensor. According to one embodiment, the sensor includes a layer or pellet of tungsten trioxide (WO3) substituted with one or more added metals. Preferably, the added metals are substituted in a concentration between about 0.005 and 10%, have an oxidation state less than +6, and possess a similar ionic radius to W6+. The substituted metal oxides are preferably formed as nanoparticles and sintered into a dense structure or coating possessing a surface-depletion layer sensitive to the surface adsorption of gas molecules and whose resistance changes in a predictable manner with gas adsorption. The extent of resistance change, rate of change and rate of desorption can be different for different gases, depending on the gas molecule's polarizability, dipole moments and electron configuration. The sensor can be used in a wide range of temperatures and corrosive conditions because of the intrinsic stability of the substituted metal oxides.
摘要翻译： 金属氧化物气体传感器。 根据一个实施例，传感器包括被一种或多种添加的金属取代的三氧化钨（WO3）的层或颗粒。 优选地，添加的金属以约0.005至10％的浓度被取代，具有小于+6的氧化态，并且具有与W6 +相似的离子半径。 取代的金属氧化物优选形成为纳米颗粒并烧结成致密结构或涂层，其具有对气体分子的表面吸附敏感的表面消耗层，并且其电阻以可预测的方式随气体吸附而变化。 取决于气体分子的极化率，偶极矩和电子结构，不同气体的电阻变化程度，变化率和解吸速率可以不同。 传感器可以在宽范围的温度和腐蚀条件下使用，因为取代的金属氧化物的固有稳定性。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09595727B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-14
申请号：US13373512
申请日：2011-11-16
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/88 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , C25B13/04 , C25B9/06 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/1039 , C25B13/04 , H01M4/8807 , H01M8/023 , Y02E60/523
摘要： An electrochemical device, such as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer. In one embodiment, the electrochemical device includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), an anodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the anode of the MEA, a cathodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the cathode, a first bipolar plate in contact with the anodic gas diffusion medium, and a second bipolar plate in contact with the cathodic gas diffusion medium. Each of the bipolar plates includes an electrically-conductive, non-porous, liquid-permeable, substantially gas-impermeable membrane in contact with its respective gas diffusion medium, the membrane including a solid polymer electrolyte and a non-particulate, electrically-conductive material, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and/or metal nanowires. In addition, each bipolar plate also includes an electrically-conductive fluid chamber in contact with the electrically-conductive, selectively-permeable membrane and further includes a non-porous and electrically-conductive plate in contact with the fluid chamber.
摘要翻译： 电化学装置，例如燃料电池或电解槽。 在一个实施方案中，电化学装置包括膜电极组件（MEA），与MEA的阳极接触的阳极气体扩散介质，与阴极接触的阴极气体扩散介质，与阳极接触的第一双极板 气体扩散介质和与阴极气体扩散介质接触的第二双极板。 每个双极板包括与其各自的气体扩散介质接触的导电的，无孔的，液体可渗透的，基本不透气的膜，该膜包括固体聚合物电解质和非颗粒导电材料 ，例如碳纳米管，碳纳米纤维和/或金属纳米线。 此外，每个双极板还包括与导电的选择性渗透膜接触的导电流体室，并且还包括与流体室接触的无孔和导电板。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120237848A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-20
申请号：US13373512
申请日：2011-11-16
CPC分类号： H01M8/1039 , C25B13/04 , H01M4/8807 , H01M8/023 , Y02E60/523
摘要： An electrochemical device, such as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer. In one embodiment, the electrochemical device includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), an anodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the anode of the MEA, a cathodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the cathode, a first bipolar plate in contact with the anodic gas diffusion medium, and a second bipolar plate in contact with the cathodic gas diffusion medium. Each of the bipolar plates includes an electrically-conductive, non-porous, liquid-permeable, substantially gas-impermeable membrane in contact with its respective gas diffusion medium, the membrane including a solid polymer electrolyte and a non-particulate, electrically-conductive material, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and/or metal nanowires. In addition, each bipolar plate also includes an electrically-conductive fluid chamber in contact with the electrically-conductive, selectively-permeable membrane and further includes a non-porous and electrically-conductive plate in contact with the fluid chamber.
摘要翻译： 电化学装置，例如燃料电池或电解槽。 在一个实施方案中，电化学装置包括膜电极组件（MEA），与MEA的阳极接触的阳极气体扩散介质，与阴极接触的阴极气体扩散介质，与阳极接触的第一双极板 气体扩散介质和与阴极气体扩散介质接触的第二双极板。 每个双极板包括与其各自的气体扩散介质接触的导电的，无孔的，液体可渗透的，基本不透气的膜，该膜包括固体聚合物电解质和非颗粒导电材料 ，例如碳纳米管，碳纳米纤维和/或金属纳米线。 此外，每个双极板还包括与导电的选择性渗透膜接触的导电流体室，并且还包括与流体室接触的无孔和导电板。
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