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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4245980A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-20
申请号：US916581
申请日：1978-06-19
CPC分类号： F23C1/08 , F23C6/00 , F23C7/02 , F23D17/002 , F23L7/005
摘要： A burner for reduced NOx emission and also for the control of the shape of the flame as regards its length and spread, comprises a first combustion zone, which is contained within a cylindrical chamber lined with refractory material. A burner tube is inserted through an opening in the upstream end of the first combustion zone, the burner including means for providing and burning liquid and gaseous fuel. A first air plenum is provided upstream of the first combustion zone with means for supplying less-than-stoichiometric combustion air in a tangential swirling manner, prior to entering the first combustion zone. A second air plenum is provided coaxial with and surrounding the first combustion zone and tertiary air is supplied tangentially to this air plenum so that the tertiary air will flow in a helical swirling motion along the outside of the first combustion chamber, around the downstream end of the combustion chamber and will meet and mix with the hot products of combustion from the first combustion chamber. Control of the shape of the flame is provided by controlling the relative directions of tangential flow of air in the two plena.
摘要翻译： 用于减少NOx排放的燃烧器以及用于控制火焰形状的长度和扩展的燃烧器包括第一燃烧区，其包含在衬有耐火材料的圆筒形室内。 燃烧器管插入通过第一燃烧区的上游端的开口，燃烧器包括用于提供和燃烧液体和气体燃料的装置。 在第一燃烧区域的上游设置有第一空气增压室，其具有用于在进入第一燃烧区域之前以切向旋转方式供应小于化学计量的燃烧空气的装置。 第二空气增压室设置为与第一燃烧区同轴并围绕第一燃烧区，并且三次空气与该空气增压室相切地供应，使得三次空气沿着第一燃烧室的外部沿着第一燃烧室的外部沿着螺旋旋转运动流动， 燃烧室将与来自第一燃烧室的热燃烧产物相遇并混合。 通过控制两个斑块中空气的切向流动的相对方向来提供对火焰形状的控制。
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公开(公告)号：US4383649A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US169993
申请日：1980-07-18
CPC分类号： F23D11/102
摘要： An improved fuel oil atomizer which comprises a burner tube through which fuel oil is supplied under selected pressure, and a coaxial surrounding steam tube providing an annular space therebetween, the flow of steam being under greater pressure than the oil pressure. A burner head is joined to the burner oil tube through an orifice of selected diameter. The burner head has a long axial bore of constant selected diameter, which leads to the burner tip, which has a plurality of tip ports. There are a number of transverse ports between the annular steam path and the central bore, so that the steam can flow under pressure into the central bore of the burner head to mix thoroughly with the pressurized oil flowing from the orifice. Two factors are important in the construction of the burner head, namely that the central bore must be of constant diameter from the point where the steam and oil mix, outwardly toward the burner tip ports. Secondly, the total cross-sectional area of the tip ports must be less than the cross-sectional area of the central bore.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的燃料油雾化器，其包括在选定压力下供应燃料油的燃烧器管和在其间提供环形空间的同轴的周边蒸汽管，蒸汽流在比油压更大的压力下。 燃烧器头通过选定直径的孔连接到燃烧器油管。 燃烧头具有恒定选定直径的长轴向孔，其通向具有多个尖端口的燃烧器尖端。 在环形蒸汽路径和中心孔之间存在多个横向端口，使得蒸汽可以在压力下流入燃烧器头部的中心孔，以与从孔口流出的加压油充分混合。 在燃烧器头部的结构中，两个因素是重要的，即中心孔必须具有恒定的直径，从蒸汽和油混合到外部朝向燃烧器尖端口。 其次，尖端口的总截面积必须小于中心孔的横截面面积。
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公开(公告)号：US4347052A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-31
申请号：US26325
申请日：1979-04-02
CPC分类号： F23C6/047 , F23C7/008 , F23D17/002 , F23L7/002 , F23C2201/20 , F23C2201/30
摘要： A fluid fuel burner system for minimum production of NOX under varying rates of fuel firing and varying rates of combustion air or oxidant supply, which comprises a fuel burner including means for burning liquid and gaseous fuel. Liquid fuels are burned in an axial burner tube, and the gaseous fuels are burned in a plurality of gas burner tubes located in a circle coaxial with the liquid burner. A first air or oxidant plenum supplies primary-plus-secondary air or oxidant, the primary air or oxidant going to the liquid burner and the secondary air or oxidant going to the gas burner. The total of primary plus secondary is less than stoichiometric flow so that the combustion of the fuel in a first combustion chamber provides a reducing atmosphere to preclude the formation of NOX. Means are provided for independently controlling the primary air or oxidant flow compared to the secondary air or oxidant flow, or vice versa. A second air or oxidant plenum provides tertiary air or oxidant to a second combustion space downstream of the first combustion chamber. Control means provide independent control of the primary-plus-secondary air or oxidant flow to the first plenum as a selected ratio to the tertiary air or oxidant, that flows to the second plenum.
摘要翻译： 一种流体燃料燃烧器系统，用于在不同的燃料燃烧速率和不同的燃烧空气或氧化剂供应速率下最小生产NOX，其包括燃料燃烧器，其包括用于燃烧液体和气体燃料的装置。 液体燃料在轴向燃烧器管中燃烧，并且气体燃料在位于与液体燃烧器同轴的圆的多个气体燃烧器管中燃烧。 第一空气或氧化剂气室供应初级加二次空气或氧化剂，一次空气或氧化剂进入液体燃烧器，二次空气或氧化剂进入气体燃烧器。 初级加二级的总和小于化学计量流，使燃料在第一燃烧室中的燃烧提供还原气氛以排除NOX的形成。 提供了与二次空气或氧化剂流相比独立地控制一次空气或氧化剂流量的装置，反之亦然。 第二空气或氧化剂气室将第三空气或氧化剂提供给第一燃烧室下游的第二燃烧空间。 控制装置提供对第一增压室的主加二次空气或氧化剂流的独立控制，作为流向第二增压室的三级空气或氧化剂的选定比例。
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公开(公告)号：US4152108A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-01
申请号：US816189
申请日：1977-07-15
IPC分类号： F23D14/22 , F23C7/02 , F23C99/00 , F23D11/38 , F23D11/40 , F23D14/64 , F23D14/70 , F23D17/00 , F23L7/00
摘要： Apparatus for burning gaseous and liquid fuels in a furnace, to retard formation of NO.sub.x, comprising a fuel tube of selected length and diameter, closed at the end which is inserted into a combustion zone. There are a plurality of ports drilled in the closed end of the fuel tube, the axes of which lie on a conical surface coaxial with the fuel tube. The fuel tube is inserted coaxially into a burner tube of selected larger diameter, and the distant ends are substantially coplanar. A plurality of jets of low pressure steam are injected through a plurality of ports into the annular space between the fuel tube and the burner tube at the outer end of the burner tube. The steam jets flowing through the ports induce a flow of primary combustion air, which mixes with the steam and flows down the annular space to mix with the high velocity jets of fuel as they emerge from the ports on the fuel tube. The fuel, air, and steam mix together prior to entering the combustion reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于在炉中燃烧气体和液体燃料以阻止形成NOx的装置，其包括选定长度和直径的燃料管，其在插入燃烧区的端部处封闭。 在燃料管的封闭端处钻有多个端口，其轴线位于与燃料管同轴的锥形表面上。 燃料管同轴地插入到选定的较大直径的燃烧器管中，并且远端基本上共面。 多个低压蒸汽喷射通过多个端口喷射到燃烧器管的外端处的燃料管和燃烧器管之间的环形空间中。 流过端口的蒸汽喷嘴引起初级燃烧空气的流动，其与蒸汽混合并沿着环形空间流动，以与燃料的高速射流混合，从燃料管上的端口出来。 燃料，空气和蒸汽在进入燃烧反应区之前混合在一起。
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公开(公告)号：US4105395A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-08
申请号：US743097
申请日：1976-11-19
CPC分类号： F23C9/006 , F23D11/002
摘要： A regenerative tile structure for fluid fuel burners having a zirconium oxide coated metal flange shaped member providing a central orifice for producing a significant and very rapid increase in flame temperature by guided recirculation of hot flame gases.
摘要翻译： 一种用于流体燃料燃烧器的再生砖结构，其具有氧化锆涂覆的金属凸缘成形构件，其提供中心孔口，用于通过热焰气体的引导再循环产生火焰温度的显着且非常快速的增加。
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公开(公告)号：US3940234A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-24
申请号：US473356
申请日：1974-05-28
CPC分类号： F23D14/02 , F23D14/64 , F23D2210/00 , F23D2900/00011
摘要： A noiseless premix burner comprising a cylindrical housing which is attached to the outer covering of the furnace wall, and closed at its opposite end by a closure plate which supports a concentric burner tube which extends from the closure plate through an opening in the furnace wall to the interior of the furnace. A gas fuel line is inserted along the axis of the burner tube. Pressurized fuel gas flows through an orifice in the fuel line in an expanding flow. The proximal end of the burner tube has a venturi type throat construction. The annular space between the burner tube and the cylindrical housing comprises two plenums, one adjacent the outer wall of the furnace supplying secondary air, which passes into the furnace through a narrow annular gap between the burner tube and the furnace lining. The second plenum provides primary air to the burner tube at the position of the fuel nozzle, where it mixes turbulently with the inflowing high velocity gas stream, to provide a fuel-air mixture which passes down the burner tube. The axial outlet of the burner tube inside the furnace is closed and there are a plurality of longitudinal slots spaced circumferentially around the burner tube through which the gas-air mixture moves radially into the furnace impinging on tile which surrounds the burner tube.
摘要翻译： 一种无噪声的预混燃烧器，其包括圆柱形壳体，其连接到炉壁的外覆盖件，并且在其相对端处由封闭板封闭，该封闭板支撑同心燃烧器管，其从封闭板延伸通过炉壁中的开口到 炉内部。 气体燃料管线沿燃烧器管的轴线插入。 加压燃料气体以膨胀的流动流过燃料管路中的孔口。 燃烧器管的近端具有文丘里型喉部结构。 燃烧器管和圆柱形壳体之间的环形空间包括两个增压室，一个邻近提供二次空气的炉的外壁，其通过燃烧器管和炉衬之间的窄的环形间隙进入炉中。 第二增压室在燃料喷嘴的位置向燃烧器管提供初级空气，在那里它与流入的高速气流混合地混合，以提供通过燃烧器管的燃料 - 空气混合物。 炉内的燃烧器管的轴向出口是封闭的，并且存在多个沿燃烧器管周向间隔开的纵向狭槽，气体 - 空气混合物通过该纵向狭缝径向进入撞击围绕燃烧器管的瓦片上的炉中。
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公开(公告)号：US4220444A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-02
申请号：US881772
申请日：1978-02-27
CPC分类号： F23C7/002 , F23D14/125 , F23D14/20 , F23D2900/00011
摘要： A gaseous fuel burner for enhanced flame adherence to a tile surface in a furnace, comprising a gas burner tube having a nozzle at its end, including a plurality of radial orifices circumferentially spaced in a transverse plane. A cylindrical combustion air plenum is coaxial with said burner tube, and means are provided to supply combustion air to said plenum at a selected super-atmospheric pressure P1. There is a circular concentric opening in the wall of the plenum and a short length of air tube welded to the opening, which is inserted into an opening in the furnace tile. A plurality of curved vanes are provided, and means to lead air from the pressurized plenum through the vanes to provide a rapidly spinning air flow which moves helically along the air tube into the tile and into the furnace. The central opening of the tile is flared in an arcuate manner. There is sufficient pressure drop between the air plenum at P1 and inside of the air tube P2, after passage through the vanes, of the order of 0.8 W.C. so that a tangential air velocity of as high as 100 feet per second is possible. This rapidly spinning air volume has fuel injected into it under pressure through the radial orifices, and flows into the furnace in an expanding spiral flow along the arcuate portion of the tile. Because of the high tangential velocity of the air, gas and flame, the pressure at the face of the tile is low and the flame is held in close contact with the tile causing rapid heat transfer to the tile which then radiates into the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 一种气体燃料燃烧器，用于增强火焰粘附在炉子中的瓷砖表面，其包括在其端部具有喷嘴的气体燃烧器管，其包括沿横向平面周向隔开的多个径向孔。 圆柱形燃烧空气增压室与所述燃烧器管同轴，并且提供装置以在选定的超大气压力P1下向所述增压室供应燃烧空气。 在集气室的壁上有一个圆形的同心开口，并且焊接到开口的短长度的空气管，其插入炉瓦的开口中。 提供多个弯曲叶片，以及将来自加压气室的空气引导通过叶片的装置，以提供快速旋转的空气流，该空气流沿空气管螺旋运动进入瓦并进入炉中。 瓷砖的中央开口以弓形方式展开。 空气管P2的空气压力通过叶片后的空气压力室之间的压降大约为0.8W.C。 使得每秒高达100英尺的切向风速是可能的。 这种快速旋转的空气体积具有在压力下通过径向孔喷入其中的燃料，并且沿着瓦片的弧形部分以膨胀的螺旋流流入炉中。 由于空气，气体和火焰的高切向速度，瓦片表面的压力低，并且火焰保持与瓦片紧密接触，导致快速的热传递到瓦片，其然后辐射到炉区域中。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4148599A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-10
申请号：US799301
申请日：1977-05-23
CPC分类号： F23K5/02 , F23D17/002 , F05D2240/36
摘要： Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by a diluent gas, and the heating of the fuel droplets and diluent gas so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, diluent gas is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-diluent gas mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity of jets of oil vapor-diluent gas. The diluent gas permits low vapor pressure of oil vapor and thus lower operating temperature. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized. The diluent gas can be preferably any noncombustible and non-oxygen containing gas.
摘要翻译： 在气体燃料燃烧器中燃烧液体燃料的装置，其包括优选通过稀释气体雾化液体燃料油的准备装置，以及燃料液滴和稀释气体的加热，以使液体燃料完全蒸发。 如果通过其他方式进行雾化，则在蒸发加热之前加入稀释气体。 所得到的油蒸气稀释气体混合物然后进入利用常规气体燃烧器的中心孔的燃烧器。 由于油蒸气稀释气体的喷射速度高，一次空气被引入燃烧管中。 稀释气体允许油蒸汽的低蒸气压，从而降低工作温度。 对于使用气体燃料，使用相同的燃烧器。 稀释气体可以优选是任何不燃和非含氧气体。
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公开(公告)号：US4102627A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-25
申请号：US730167
申请日：1976-10-07
CPC分类号： F23N5/245
摘要： In a fired furnace system having a convection section, and in which control a furnace draft is vital to both fuel conservation and avoidance of furnace damage, apparatus for monitoring the pressure conditions (draft) inside the furnace comprises a first pressure sensor means positioned at the arch (roof) of the furnace, a second pressure sensor means inside the furnace downstream from the convection section, and differential pressure measuring means connected between the first and second means for constantly measuring the pressure drop through the convection section. Alarm means are provided on the pressure drop measuring means to indicate increase or decrease in the pressure drop in the convection section, so that changes in burning conditions, which cause a greater pressure drop or less than normal, and which would result in either significant fuel loss or furnace damage or both if not immediately corrected, can through attention-requiring alarm, cause the required immediate correction to be made as fuel-firing conditions warrant adjustment of draft control means where the term "draft" is in reference to the condition of less-than-atmospheric pressure within the furnace.
摘要翻译： 在具有对流段的燃烧炉系统中，并且其中控制炉送风对于燃料节省和避免炉损坏至关重要，用于监测炉内的压力条件（通风）的设备包括：第一压力传感器装置，其位于 拱顶（炉顶），第二压力传感器装置，位于炉内下游的对流部分，差压测量装置连接在第一和第二装置之间，用于不断测量通过对流部分的压降。 在压力降测量装置上设置有报警装置，以指示对流部分的压降的增加或减少，从而导致燃烧条件的变化，其导致更大的压降或小于正常值，并且将导致明显的燃料 损失或炉子损坏或两者均不能立即纠正，可以通过注意要求的报警，由于燃油喷射条件需要立即更正，条件是要对“控制装置”进行调整，其中“草案”一词是指 低于大气压的炉内。
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公开(公告)号：US4166834A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-04
申请号：US836968
申请日：1977-09-27
申请人： Robert D. Reed , Richard R. Martin
发明人： Robert D. Reed , Richard R. Martin
CPC分类号： B01J8/0278 , C01C1/0417 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An improved air injector for use in feed preparation in the primary reformer of a HABER processor for ammonia synthesis. In the HABER process, process gas is introduced at relatively high velocity downwardly in a process reactor through a vertical conduit. Along the axis of the conduit is an air supply pipe with a fixture which produces a plurality of downwardly and radially outwardly directed pipes attached to a plenum on the bottom of the air pipe. In this invention the number of circumferentially spaced pipes is doubled over the prior art and they are spaced circumferentially into rows directed outwardly at about a 45.degree. angle so as to present, more or less, a continuous plurality of streams of air which block the annular space and force the downflowing process gas to be turbulently mixed with the air and to form a pressurized mass of process gas and air, which is then forced, by the gas pressure, to flow downwardly in, more or less, a uniform manner through a volume of catalyst.
摘要翻译： 一种用于用于氨合成的HABER处理器的一次重整器中的饲料制备中的改进的空气喷射器。 在HABER工艺中，工艺气体通过垂直导管在相对较高的速度下在工艺反应器中向下引入。 沿着管道的轴线是具有固定装置的空气供应管，其产生附接到空气管的底部上的增压室的多个向下和径向向外指向的管。 在本发明中，与现有技术相比，周向间隔开的管的数量翻了一番，并且它们以大约45度的角度周向地间隔开排成一列，以便或多或少地存在连续的多个空气流，其阻挡环形 空间并迫使向下流动的气体与空气湍流混合并形成加压的工艺气体和空气，然后由气体压力迫使其流动，或多或少均匀地通过 催化剂体积。
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