公开(公告)号：US20050287040A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-29

申请号：US10879625

申请日：2004-06-29

申请人： Robert Giebeler ,  Evelyn McGown ,  Jonathan Petersen ,  Todd French

发明人： Robert Giebeler ,  Evelyn McGown ,  Jonathan Petersen ,  Todd French

IPC分类号： B01L3/00 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/66

CPC分类号： B01L3/5085 ,  B01L2200/148 ,  B01L2300/0654 ,  B01L2300/0829 ,  B01L2300/168 ,  G01N21/278 ,  G01N21/6452

摘要： Fluorescence validation material comprising first layer and a second layer that is useful as validation and calibration standards as well as validation plates including one or more fluorescence validation materials. Moreover, this invention includes methods for using validation plates and fluorescence validation materials of this invention to validate and calibrate instruments.

摘要翻译： 荧光验证材料包括第一层和第二层，其可用作验证和校准标准以及包括一种或多种荧光验证材料的验证板。 此外，本发明包括使用本发明的验证板和荧光验证材料来验证和校准仪器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4921350A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-01

申请号：US309502

申请日：1989-02-10

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N15/04

CPC分类号： G01N15/042 ,  G01J3/42

摘要： In an optical system for measuring sample absorption of light at a primary wavelength output from a monochromator, a method of subtracting the effect of secondary wavelength components of light from the monochromator. The sample absorption of light at the primary wavelength including the effect of the secondary wavelength components and at the secondary wavelength are determined. The results are used to obtain the sample absorption of light at the primary wavelength without the effect of the secondary wavelength components.

公开(公告)号：US4830493A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-16

申请号：US115023

申请日：1987-10-29

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： G01J3/18 ,  G01N15/04 ,  G01N21/31

CPC分类号： G01N15/042 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1857 ,  G01N2015/045

摘要： A centrifuge sample is optically scanned during centrifuging. The sample, placed in a centrifuge rotor having a cell with top and bottom windows, is spun until stratification and discrete layering occurs within the sample. Such layering occurs on layers that are precisely normal to the radius of the centrifuge at the point of sample and parallel to the spin axis of the centrifuge. A slit scanner having a slit normal to the sample plane transverse the width of the sample below the cell to detect with precision the precise location of the strata in the cell. A light source is reflected by a toroidal mirror having two radius of curvature. One radius of curvature is selected to collimate rays of light parallel to the layer of the sample. The mirror is ruled with respect to the other radius of curvature to chromatically classify light to preselect band width. Rotation of the mirror preserved collimation but enables selected scanning light frequency.

摘要翻译： 在离心过程中对离心机样品进行光学扫描。 放置在具有顶部和底部窗口的电池的离心机转子中的样品被旋转直到分层，并且在样品内发生离散的层叠。 这种层叠发生在精确垂直于样品点处离心机半径并平行于离心机旋转轴线的层上。 狭缝扫描器具有垂直于样品平面的狭缝，横向于细胞下方的样品的宽度，以精确地检测细胞中地层的精确位置。 光源由具有两个曲率半径的环形镜反射。 选择一个曲率半径来准直平行于样品层的光线。 相对于另一个曲率半径将镜子划分为对光进行色度分类以预选带宽。 镜的旋转保留准直，但能够选择扫描光频率。

公开(公告)号：US06316774B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09274753

申请日：1999-03-23

申请人： Robert Giebeler ,  David G. Ogle ,  Roger Kaye

发明人： Robert Giebeler ,  David G. Ogle ,  Roger Kaye

IPC分类号： G01N2164

CPC分类号： G01N21/6452 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2021/6471

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the fluorescence, luminescence, or absorption of a sample is provided. The sample may either be contained within a cuvette or within one or more sample wells within a multi-assay plate. A combination of a broadband source, a monochromator, and a series of optical filters are used to tune the excitation wavelength to a predetermined value within a relatively wide wavelength band. A similar optical configuration is used to tune the detection wavelength. An optical scanning head assembly is used that includes mirrored optics for coupling the excitation source to the sample and the emitted light to the detector. An elliptical focussing mirror is used to magnify and focus the light projected from an optical fiber coupled to the source subassembly onto the sample. A portion of the source light is reflected by a beamsplitter onto a reference detector used to monitor the output of the source. The light from the elliptical mirror passes through an aperture in a second elliptical mirror prior to impinging upon the sample. The light emitted by the sample within the sample well is reflected by the second elliptical mirror and imaged onto the entrance aperture of an optical fiber coupled to the detector subassembly. The optical axes of both mirrors are slightly offset from the sample well normal. The mirror offset minimizes the amount of light reflected from the meniscus of the sample or the bottom surface of the sample well that enters the detection subassembly.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定样品的荧光，发光或吸收的方法和装置。 样品可以包含在比色杯中或多个测定板内的一个或多个样品孔内。 使用宽带源，单色器和一系列滤光器的组合来将激发波长调谐到相对宽的波长带内的预定值。 使用类似的光学配置来调谐检测波长。 使用光学扫描头组件，其包括镜像光学器件，用于将激发源耦合到样品，并将发射的光耦合到检测器。 使用椭圆形聚焦镜将从耦合到源子组件的光纤投影的光放大并聚焦到样品上。 源光的一部分由分束器反射到用于监测源的输出的参考检测器上。 来自椭圆镜的光在撞击样品之前穿过第二椭圆镜中的孔。 由样品阱内的样品发射的光被第二椭圆镜反射并被成像到耦合到检测器子组件的光纤的入口孔上。 两个反射镜的光轴略微偏离样品井正常。 反射镜偏移最小化从样品的弯月面或进入检测子组件的样品阱的底表面反射的光的量。

公开(公告)号：US5026341A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-25

申请号：US53452

申请日：1987-05-22

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： B04B9/12

CPC分类号： B04B9/12 ,  Y10T74/2109

摘要： In a damper for a centrifuge for damping the rotor of the centrifuge when the rotor changes rotational velocity through a critical vibrational rotation speed, an improved vibration damper is disclosed. The damper is of the type wherein a conically shaped shaft extension is thrust into engagement with a friction bushing at a circular and central opening to increase shaft section and shift the critical vibrational rotation speed away from the particular critical vibrational rotation speed being traversed. The conical bushing is engaged by a solenoid and translates side-to-side rotor motion to an energy dissipating up and down motion at the solenoid. The improvement disclosed is a conically shaped cone having a negative radius of curvature in section. For small shaft side-to-side excursion (due to small vibration) this conically shaped cone has an initial small slope with respect to the bushing to provide reduced damping of the rotor when small vibration and hence small displacements effect the rotor. For large shaft side-to-side excursion, this same conically shaped cone has a large slope with respect to the low friction bushing which provides for increased displacement of the bushing at large displacements of the rotor. Discontinuities of damping are eliminated. Shaft damping at small excursion is damped with corresponding small damping forces. Shaft damping at large excursion is damped with larger force. Transition of damping between the two extremes is provided with an exponentially increasing damping force having no discontinuities. There results a centrifuge damper that can decelerate a classified sample without appreciable declassification of the sample due to vibration induced diffusion.

摘要翻译： 在用于离心机的阻尼器中，当转子通过临界振动转速改变旋转速度时，用于阻尼离心机的转子，公开了一种改进的减震器。 阻尼器是其中锥形轴延伸部被推动成与圆形和中心开口处的摩擦衬套接合的类型，以增加轴部分并且使临界振动转速远离所穿过的特定临界振动转速。 圆锥形衬套由螺线管接合，并将侧向转子运动转换成螺线管上的上下运动能量消耗。 所公开的改进是在截面中具有负的曲率半径的圆锥形锥体。 对于小轴侧向偏移（由于振动小），该圆锥形锥体相对于衬套具有初始的小斜率，以在小的振动和因此小的位移影响转子时提供减小的转子阻尼。 对于大轴侧向偏移，相同的圆锥形锥体相对于低摩擦衬套具有大的斜率，这提供了在转子的大位移时衬套的增加的位移。 消除了不连续的阻尼。 在小偏移下的轴阻尼受到相应的小阻尼力的阻尼。 在较大的偏移下的轴阻尼被较大的力阻尼。 在两个极端之间的阻尼的转变被提供有没有不连续性的指数增加的阻尼力。 产生离心机阻尼器，可以对分类样品进行减速，而不会由于振动引起的扩散而使样品有明显的解密。

公开(公告)号：US4917179A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

申请号：US407679

申请日：1989-09-14

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： B04B15/02 ,  F25B21/02

CPC分类号： B04B15/02 ,  F25B21/02 ,  F25B2321/023 ,  Y10T29/49984

摘要： A thermoelectric cooling design of the type having a nonconducting substrate mounting thermoelectric coolers is improved. Provisions for a flexible can and improved heat dissipation from the thermoelectric coolers are provided. For improved thermal response, the refrigerated vacuum can is provided with thin walls of high purity aluminum with the result that deformation of the wall surface, especially the bottom wall surface can occur both with respect to installation. A plurality of can heat sinks are placed on the walls of the can to form a unitary and locally rigid side wall to the can at the point of attachment. At least one thermoelectric cooler is communicated to the can heat sinks at a first side for receiving heat energy from the can. A second discharge heat sink is communicated to each thermoelectric cooler for dissipating heat energy from both the can and the thermoelectric cooler. Spring biased connections move the respective heat sinks towards one another and clamp the thermoelectric cooler firmly therebetween. The heat sinks dynamically conform to dimensional changes at the cooler interface during installation. The discharge heat sinks are integrally cast with copper plugs placed in an aluminum mold and the aluminum cast about the copper plugs. The copper plug is preferably gold plated to prevent oxidation and form a heat conducting alloy with the aluminum. This enables heat transfer with a low temperature gradient to produce cooling with high efficiency.

摘要翻译： 改进了具有安装热电冷却器的不导电衬底的类型的热电冷却设计。 提供了一种柔性罐的设计，并提供了热电冷却器的散热改善。 为了改善热响应，冷藏真空罐设置有高纯度铝的薄壁，结果是墙壁表面，特别是底壁表面的变形可以相对于安装而发生。 在罐的壁上放置多个罐式散热器，以在连接点处形成与罐相同的整体和局部刚性的侧壁。 至少一个热电冷却器在第一侧与罐体散热器连通，以从罐接收热能。 将第二放电散热器传送到每个热电冷却器，以从罐和热电冷却器中消散热能。 弹簧偏置连接将相应的散热器彼此相向移动并将热电冷却器紧固在其间。 散热器在安装过程中动态地符合冷却器界面的尺寸变化。 放电散热器通过放置在铝合金模具中的铜塞整体铸造，铝铸件围绕铜塞。 铜塞优选镀金以防止氧化并与铝形成导热合金。 这使得能够以低温度梯度的传热以高效率产生冷却。

公开(公告)号：US5683341A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-04

申请号：US616068

申请日：1996-03-14

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： B04B9/12 ,  B04B5/02 ,  B04B9/00

CPC分类号： B04B9/12

摘要： In a centrifuge having a central stator with a peripheral rotor, an improved suspension for the rotor is disclosed. The central stator is provided with a bore coaxial to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The rotor of the centrifuge motor has a quill shaft support member extending into and rotating within the coaxial bore of the stator. A quill shaft attaches at the bottom of the quill shaft support member and extends upward above the rotor of the centrifuge motor to support a fastening hub for the centrifuge rotor. The rotor of the centrifuge is detached from the rotor of the centrifuge motor so as to define a spatial interval between the supported spinning rotor and the rotor of the motor driving the centrifuge. The centrifuge rotor attaches at the hub and depends downward from the hub with the spatial interval being defined between the rotor of the motor and the rotor of the centrifuge. It is noted that the center of gravity of the attached centrifuge rotor is well below the hub so that support of the rotor is inherently stable. In the preferred embodiment, heat transfer shielding material is placed over the rotor of the motor. Operation is quite and smooth with the inevitable rotor imbalances being absorbed by quill shaft flexure.

摘要翻译： 在具有带有外围转子的中心定子的离心机中，公开了用于转子的改进的悬架。 中心定子设置有与转子的旋转轴线同轴的孔。 离心机电动机的转子具有延伸到定子的同轴孔内并在其内旋转的套筒轴支撑构件。 梭轴安装在轴套支撑件的底部并向上延伸到离心机马达的转子上方，以支撑离心机转子的紧固毂。 离心机的转子与离心机电动机的转子分离，以便限定支撑的旋转转子和驱动离心机的电机的转子之间的空间间隔。 离心机转子附接在轮毂上，并从轮毂向下并且在电动机的转子和离心机的转子之间限定空间间隔。 应注意，附着的离心机转子的重心远低于轮毂，因此转子的支撑本来就是稳定的。 在优选实施例中，传热屏蔽材料放置在电动机的转子上方。 操作非常顺利，不必要的转子不平衡被套筒轴挠曲所吸收。

公开(公告)号：US4919537A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US309507

申请日：1989-02-10

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： G01J3/18 ,  G01N15/04

CPC分类号： G01N15/042 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1857 ,  G01N2015/045

摘要： A centrifuge sample is optically scanned during centrifuging. The sample, placed in a centrifuge rotor having a cell with top and bottom windows, is spun until stratification and discrete layering occurs within the sample. Such layering occurs on layers that are precisely normal to the radius of the centrifuge at the point of sample and parallel to the spin axis of the centrifuge. A slit scanner having a slit normal to the sample plane transverses the width of the sample below the cell to detect with precision the precise location of the strata in the cell. A light source is reflected by a toroidal mirror having two radius of curvature. One radius of curvature is selected to collimate rays of light parallel to the layer of the sample. The mirror is ruled with respect to the other radius of curvature to chromatically classify light to preselect band width. Rotation of the mirror preserved collimation but enables selected scanning light frequency.

摘要翻译： 在离心过程中对离心机样品进行光学扫描。 放置在具有顶部和底部窗口的电池的离心机转子中的样品被旋转直到分层，并且在样品内发生离散的层叠。 这种层叠发生在精确垂直于样品点处离心机半径并平行于离心机旋转轴线的层上。 具有垂直于样品平面的狭缝的狭缝扫描器将样品下方的宽度横切在单元下方，以精确地检测单元中层的精确位置。 光源由具有两个曲率半径的环形镜反射。 选择一个曲率半径来准直平行于样品层的光线。 相对于另一个曲率半径将镜子划分为对光进行色度分类以预选带宽。 镜的旋转保留准直，但能够选择扫描光频率。

公开(公告)号：US4785637A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-22

申请号：US53190

申请日：1987-05-22

申请人： Robert Giebeler

发明人： Robert Giebeler

IPC分类号： B04B15/02 ,  F25B21/02 ,  H01L23/36

CPC分类号： B04B15/02 ,  F25B21/02 ,  F25B2321/023 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A thermoelectric cooling design of the type having a nonconducting substrate mounting thermoelectric coolers is improved. Provisions for a flexible can and improved heat dissipation from the thermoelectric coolers are provided. For improved thermal response, the refrigerated vacuum can is provided with thin walls of high purity aluminum with the result that deformation of the wall surface, especially the bottom wall surface can occur both with respect to installation. A plurality of can heat sinks are placed on the walls of the can to form a unitary and locally rigid side wall to the can at the point of attachment. At least one thermoelectric cooler is communicated to the can heat sinks at a first side for receiving heat energy from the can. A second discharge heat sink is communicated to each thermoelectric cooler for dissipating heat energy from both the can and the thermoelectric cooler. Spring biased connections move the respective heat sinks towards one another and clamp the thermoelectric cooler firmly therebetween. The heat sinks dynamically conform to dimensional changes at the cooler interface during installation. The discharge heat sinks are integrally cast with copper plugs placed in an aluminum mold and the aluminum cast about the copper plugs. The copper plug is preferably gold plated to prevent oxidation and form a heat conducting alloy with the aluminum. This enables heat transfer with a low temperature gradient to produce cooling with high efficiency.

公开(公告)号：US06313471B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-06

申请号：US09274791

申请日：1999-03-23

申请人： Robert Giebeler ,  David G. Ogle ,  Roger Kaye

发明人： Robert Giebeler ,  David G. Ogle ,  Roger Kaye

IPC分类号： G01N2100

CPC分类号： G01N21/6452 ,  G01N2021/6471 ,  G01N2021/6484

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the fluorescence, luminescence, or absorption of a sample is provided. The sample may either be contained within a cuvette or within one or more sample wells within a multi-assay plate. A combination of a broadband source, a monochromator, and a series of optical filters are used to tune the excitation wavelength to a predetermined value within a relatively wide wavelength band. A similar optical configuration is used to tune the detection wavelength. In one aspect, multiple optical fibers are coupled to the excitation source subassembly, thus allowing the system to be quickly converted from one optical configuration to another. In another aspect, the excitation light and the detected sample emissions pass to and from an optical head assembly via a pair of optical fibers. The optical head assembly is scanned across one axis of the sample multi-assy plate. The multi-assay plate is mounted to a carriage assembly that scans the plate along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定样品的荧光，发光或吸收的方法和装置。 样品可以包含在比色杯中或多个测定板内的一个或多个样品孔内。 使用宽带源，单色器和一系列滤光器的组合来将激发波长调谐到相对宽的波长带内的预定值。 使用类似的光学配置来调谐检测波长。 在一个方面，多个光纤耦合到激发源子组件，从而允许系统从一个光学配置快速转换到另一个。 另一方面，激发光和检测到的样品发射经由一对光纤经过光学头组件和/或从光学头组件传出。 沿着样品多组板的一个轴扫描光学头组件。 多测定板被安装到托架组件，其沿着与第一轴正交的第二轴扫描板。