公开(公告)号：US20080002932A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-03

申请号：US11764716

申请日：2007-06-18

申请人： Xuezhe Zheng ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Roger Helkey ,  Marduke Yousepfor ,  Charles Corbalis ,  Chandrasekhar Pusarla

发明人： Xuezhe Zheng ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Roger Helkey ,  Marduke Yousepfor ,  Charles Corbalis ,  Chandrasekhar Pusarla

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B26/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B26/0833 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B26/12

摘要： An apparatus is described to provide multi-channel bulk optical power detection. The apparatus has a plurality of optical splitters coupled to respective fiber-optic lines of a plurality of fiber-optic lines. An optimal time-division multiplexer has an input coupled to the plurality of optical splitters. A photodetector is coupled to an output of the optical time-division multiplexer to provide bulk optical power detection. The optical time-division multiplexer includes a scanning mirror.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种提供多通道体光功率检测的装置。 该装置具有耦合到多个光纤线路的相应光纤线路的多个光分路器。 最佳时分复用器具有耦合到多个光分路器的输入。 光电检测器耦合到光时分多路复用器的输出以提供体光功率检测。 光时分复用器包括扫描镜。

公开(公告)号：US06469649B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-22

申请号：US09520912

申请日：2000-03-08

申请人： Roger Helkey ,  Jonathan Twichell

发明人： Roger Helkey ,  Jonathan Twichell

IPC分类号： H03M112

CPC分类号： H03M1/1245 ,  G02F7/00

摘要： An apparatus for digitizing an analog electrical signal comprises a linearized sampler having an analog electrical input and a sampling input, a bandpass filter having a center frequency of at least half of the quantization rate of a quantizer in communication with the sampler, and the quantizer in communication with the bandpass filter. The linearized sampler in one embodiment is a linearized optical modulator with an optical input. The sampler frequency in another embodiment is chosen such that second-order distortion products generated in the sampler are separated in frequency from the sampled input band.

摘要翻译： 一种用于数字化模拟电信号的装置包括具有模拟电输入和采样输入的线性化采样器，具有与采样器通信的量化器的量化速率的至少一半的中心频率的带通滤波器，以及量化器 与带通滤波器通信。 一个实施例中的线性化采样器是具有光输入的线性化光调制器。 选择另一实施例中的采样器频率使得在采样器中产生的二阶失真产物在频率上与采样的输入频带分离。

公开(公告)号：US06904195B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-07

申请号：US10616244

申请日：2003-07-08

申请人： John Edward Bowers ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Roger Helkey ,  Xuezhe Zheng ,  James R. Sechrist

发明人： John Edward Bowers ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Roger Helkey ,  Xuezhe Zheng ,  James R. Sechrist

IPC分类号： G02B6/35 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G08B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/352 ,  G02B6/3518 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/357 ,  G02B6/3588 ,  G02B6/3594 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0049

摘要： An apparatus and method of controlling optical loss in an optical switch to equalize optical power or loss in a group of optical signals in an optical transmission system relatively insensitive to mechanical vibration. In one embodiment a group of optical signals is input into an optical switch and selected optical signals are variably attenuated using synchronized control to two mirrors in order to provide more uniform power distribution among the group of optical signals without enhancing vibration sensitivity of the optical switch.

公开(公告)号：US06616353B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09413936

申请日：1999-10-07

申请人： Roger Helkey

发明人： Roger Helkey

IPC分类号： H04B1004

CPC分类号： G02F1/225 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  H04B10/5051 ,  H04B10/58

摘要： An external modulation optical communication system suppressing the intensity noise of a semiconductor laser source by making substantially different optical path lengths for the optical paths in the interferometric modulator. Noise reduction is dependent on the correlation between intensity noise and frequency noise of the semiconductor laser. The interferometer path delay difference forms an optical filter that transforms frequency fluctuations into intensity fluctuations that are out of phase with the laser intensity fluctuations. The intensity modulation induced by frequency noise can be out of phase with the optical source intensity fluctuations, leading to total intensity noise at the output of the optical link which is lower than the laser intensity noise. Because the optical interferometer is already present for optical modulation, the optical filter realized by the unequal path delays of the interferometer does not add optical loss. A high correlation between intensity and frequency noise of the optical source is required for substantial intensity noise reduction.

摘要翻译： 一种外部调制光通信系统，通过对干涉式调制器中的光路进行基本上不同的光程长度来抑制半导体激光源的强度噪声。 降噪取决于半导体激光器的强度噪声和频率噪声之间的相关性。 干涉仪路径延迟差形成了将频率波动变换成与激光强度波动不同相的强度波动的滤光器。 由频率噪声引起的强度调制可能与光源强度波动异相，导致光链路输出处的总强度噪声低于激光强度噪声。 由于光干涉仪已经存在用于光调制，所以通过干涉仪的不等路径延迟实现的滤光器不会增加光损耗。 对于大幅度的噪声降低，需要光源的强度和频率噪声之间的高相关性。

公开(公告)号：US06396976B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09550076

申请日：2000-04-14

申请人： Michael J. Little ,  John Jeffrey Lyon ,  John E. Bowers ,  Roger Helkey

发明人： Michael J. Little ,  John Jeffrey Lyon ,  John E. Bowers ,  Roger Helkey

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/357 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3586 ,  H04L45/60

摘要： An array of micromachined mirrors are arranged on a first substrate at the intersections of input and output optical paths and oriented at approximately forty-five degrees to the paths. An array of split-electrodes are arranged on a second substrate above the respective mirrors. Each split electrode includes a first electrode configured to apply an electrostatic force that rotates the mirror approximately ninety degrees into one of the input optical paths to deflect the optical signal along one of the output optical paths, and a second electrode configured to apply an electrostatic force that maintains the mirror position. Stability may be improved by using the first and second electrodes in combination to first actuate the mirror and then balance the forces on the mirror to maintain its position. Reproducibly accurate positioning of the mirrors requires either the use of active positioning control or of mechanical stops.

摘要翻译： 微加工反射镜的阵列布置在输入和输出光路的交叉处的第一基底上并且以与路径大致四十五度的方向取向。 分立电极阵列布置在相应反射镜上方的第二基板上。 每个分离电极包括第一电极，其被配置为施加静电力，所述静电力将反射镜近似90度旋转到输入光路之一中，以沿着所述输出光路中的一条光路偏转光信号;以及第二电极，其被配置为施加静电力 维持镜子的位置。 可以通过组合使用第一和第二电极来首先致动反射镜，然后平衡反射镜上的力以保持其位置，来提高稳定性。 反射镜的可重复精确定位需要使用主动定位控制或机械停止。

公开(公告)号：US20070297716A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-27

申请号：US11821219

申请日：2007-06-21

申请人： Roger Helkey ,  John Bowers ,  Volkan Kaman

发明人： Roger Helkey ,  John Bowers ,  Volkan Kaman

IPC分类号： G02B6/26

CPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  H04B1/18 ,  H04B2210/006

摘要： A filter apparatus is described that includes an electrical input signal, an optical source, an optical modulator, first and second pluralities of photonic delay lines, an optical switch, a combiner, and a photodetector. The optical modulator is coupled to the electrical input signal and the optical source. The first plurality of photonic delay lines are coupled to the optical modulator. The optical switch is coupled to the optical switch. The combiner combines the outputs of the second plurality of photonic delay lines to provide a combined output. The photodetector is coupled to the combined output of the combiner to provide a first filtered output of the electrical input signal.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种滤波器装置，其包括电输入信号，光源，光调制器，第一和第二多个光子延迟线，光开关，组合器和光电检测器。 光调制器耦合到电输入信号和光源。 第一组多个光子延迟线耦合到光调制器。 光开关耦合到光开关。 组合器组合第二多个光子延迟线的输出以提供组合输出。 光电检测器耦合到组合器的组合输出，以提供电输入信号的第一滤波输出。

公开(公告)号：US06643425B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09642241

申请日：2000-08-17

申请人： John Bowers ,  Chandrasekhar Pusarla ,  Kevin White ,  Dan Blumenthal ,  Roger Helkey ,  John Chong ,  David Welsh

发明人： John Bowers ,  Chandrasekhar Pusarla ,  Kevin White ,  Dan Blumenthal ,  Roger Helkey ,  John Chong ,  David Welsh

IPC分类号： G02B635

CPC分类号： G02B6/359 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/357 ,  Y10S359/904

摘要： An optical switch having switch mirror arrays controlled by scanning beams that reduce the amount of electrical connections required and reduce the complexity for constructing large optical switches. Movement of the switch mirror arrays is controlled by one or more scanning beams. The optical switch includes one or more arrays of optical switch inputs and outputs and one or more arrays of movable mirrors to direct light beams from the optical switch inputs to the optical switch outputs. The optical switch also includes one or more control elements to control the movable mirrors based on scanning beams directed to the one or more control elements.

摘要翻译： 具有通过扫描光束控制的开关镜阵列的光开关，其减少所需的电连接量并降低构建大型光开关的复杂度。 开关反射镜阵列的移动由一个或多个扫描光束控制。 光开关包括一个或多个光开关输入和输出阵列以及可移动反射镜的一个或多个阵列，以将光束从光开关输入引导到光开关输出。 光学开关还包括一个或多个控制元件，用于基于指向一个或多个控制元件的扫描光束来控制可移动反射镜。

公开(公告)号：US20070258679A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-08

申请号：US11824904

申请日：2007-07-02

申请人： Roger Helkey ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Xuezhe Zheng

发明人： Roger Helkey ,  Shifu Yuan ,  Xuezhe Zheng

IPC分类号： G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29311 ,  G02B6/29313 ,  G02B6/29361 ,  G02B6/29373 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/356 ,  H04J14/0204 ,  H04J14/0205 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0026 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0032 ,  H04Q2213/1301

摘要： An optical switch for routing arbitrary wavelengths between optical fibers in optical networks. The optical switch may include a highly wavelength dispersive element together with a spatially dispersive element to separate the wavelengths. Broadband switch inputs and outputs may be provided for adding and dropping arbitrary wavelengths at each node of the network. Fiber demultiplexers and multiplexers may also be used to reduce the impact of mirror array yield on switch functionality.

摘要翻译： 用于在光网络中的光纤之间路由任意波长的光学开关。 光学开关可以包括高度波长色散元件以及空间色散元件以分离波长。 可以提供宽带交换机输入和输出用于在网络的每个节点处添加和丢弃任意波长。 光纤解复用器和多路复用器也可用于减少镜阵列产量对开关功能的影响。

公开(公告)号：US20050152637A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-14

申请号：US11067030

申请日：2005-02-24

申请人： Tony Walter ,  Dan Blumenthal ,  John Bowers ,  Peter Hunt ,  Roger Helkey ,  Xuezhe Zheng

发明人： Tony Walter ,  Dan Blumenthal ,  John Bowers ,  Peter Hunt ,  Roger Helkey ,  Xuezhe Zheng

IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/35 ,  H04Q11/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3518 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/3594 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0026 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0049

摘要： A method for equalizing optical signal power in a group of optical signals transmitted through an optical switch in an optical transmission system. In one embodiment a group of optical signals is input into an optical switch having at least one movable mirror array with a plurality of reflectors formed thereon, the optical beam being directed onto a selected at least one reflector and wherein attenuating the optical beam is accomplished by controllably detuning at least one of the selected at least one reflector to attenuate the optical beam.

摘要翻译： 一种用于均衡通过光传输系统中的光开关传输的一组光信号中的光信号功率的方法。 在一个实施例中，一组光信号被输入到具有至少一个具有形成在其上的多个反射器的可移动反射镜阵列的光学开关中，光束被引导到所选择的至少一个反射器上，并且其中衰减光束由 可控制地使所选择的至少一个反射器中的至少一个失谐，以衰减光束。

公开(公告)号：US06441932B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09247789

申请日：1999-02-09

申请人： Roger Helkey

发明人： Roger Helkey

IPC分类号： H04B1008

CPC分类号： H04B10/58 ,  H04B10/5051

摘要： A technique and system of intensity noise suppression is disclosed using delayed differential noise cancellation, which can be applied to external modulation links. This technique is particularly suited to external modulation links using semiconductor diode laser sources, but is not limited to this type of laser. Laser sources also can be followed with an optical amplifier to increase the optical power, which also adds intensity noise. In this noise cancellation method, the intensity noise can be generated by the laser or the optical amplifier, or a combination of both. A bandpass differential method is disclosed which cancels optical intensity noise like the conventional differential method but operates only over a narrow RF bandwidth. Here the two complementary output signals of the modulator are subtracted by delaying one output by half of the modulation period (180° or an odd multiple thereof) and then summing the optical signals. The preferred implementation of summing the optical signals is in a polarization coupler, which for an ideal coupler introduces no insertion loss. Actual fiber couplers can have less than 0.5 dB of optical insertion loss. Although this noise cancellation method works only over a narrow RF band, it uses only one single-mode output fiber from the output of the summing network to the photodetector.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用延迟差分噪声消除的强度噪声抑制技术和系统，其可以应用于外部调制链路。 该技术特别适用于使用半导体二极管激光源的外部调制链路，但不限于这种类型的激光器。 激光源还可以跟随光放大器来增加光功率，这也增加了强度噪声。 在该噪声消除方法中，强度噪声可由激光器或光放大器产生，或两者的组合。 公开了一种像常规差分方法一样消除光强度噪声的带通差分方法，但仅在窄的RF带宽上工作。 这里通过将一个输出延迟一半的调制周期（180°或其奇数倍），然后对光信号求和来减去调制器的两个互补输出信号。 光信号求和的优选实现是在偏振耦合器中，对于理想的耦合器，其不引入插入损耗。 实际的光纤耦合器可以具有小于0.5dB的光插入损耗。 虽然该噪声消除方法仅在窄的RF频带上工作，但它仅使用来自求和网络的输出到光电检测器的一个单模输出光纤。