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公开(公告)号：US5451249A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-19
申请号：US241113
申请日：1994-06-14
申请人： Ronald J. Spiegel , Richard A. Sederquist , John C. Trocciola , Herbert C. Healy , Roger R. Lesieur , Gregory J. Sandelli
发明人： Ronald J. Spiegel , Richard A. Sederquist , John C. Trocciola , Herbert C. Healy , Roger R. Lesieur , Gregory J. Sandelli
CPC分类号： C10L3/10 , B01D53/75 , Y02E50/346
摘要： The gas stream which emanates from landfills is treated to produce a purified gas which is essentially a hydrocarbon such as methane which can be used as the fuel source in a fuel cell power plant, or can be used in other power plants which use natural gas as a fuel. The landfill gas passes through a system which removes essentially all of the hydrogen sulfide; water; organic sulfur and halogen compounds; and solid contaminants from the gas stream. The resultant purified gas stream can be cleanly flared; used to power an energy plant; or put to other useful purposes.
摘要翻译： 处理从垃圾填埋场排出的气流被处理以产生纯化气体，其基本上是可以用作燃料电池发电厂中的燃料源的甲烷等烃类，也可以用于其他使用天然气的发电厂 一种燃料 垃圾填埋气体通过基本上除去所有硫化氢的体系; 水; 有机硫和卤素化合物; 和来自气流的固体污染物。 所得净化气流可以被干净地张开; 用于为能源厂提供动力; 或放在其他有用的目的。
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公开(公告)号：US5916438A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US269518
申请日：1994-07-01
CPC分类号： B01D53/52 , C10L3/10 , Y10S210/916
摘要： The effluent gas stream from anaerobic waste water treatment digesters is treated to remove trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants. The chemical equation involved relies on the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with oxygen to form water plus elemental sulfur. The removal system includes a variable control line for adding air to the effluent gas stream; a filter for removing solids, entrained liquids and bacteria from the oxygen-enriched gas stream; a blower for directing the filtered gas stream into a potassium promoted activated carbon bed wherein the above chemical reaction takes place; and sensors for measuring the content of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide at the entrance and exit of the activated carbon bed. When the hydrogen sulfide content of the exiting gas stream exceeds a predetermined level, the amount of air added to the gas stream is increased until the predetermined level of hydrogen sulfide is achieved in the exiting gas stream.
摘要翻译： 处理来自厌氧废水处理消化池的废气流，以除去痕量的硫化氢和其他污染物。 所涉及的化学方程依赖于硫化氢与氧气的反应，形成水和元素硫。 移除系统包括用于向排气流中加入空气的可变控制管线; 用于从富氧气流中除去固体，夹带的液体和细菌的过滤器; 用于将过滤的气流引导到促进活性炭的钾床中的鼓风机，其中发生上述化学反应; 以及用于测量活性炭床入口和出口处氧气和硫化氢含量的传感器。 当出口气流的硫化氢含量超过预定水平时，加入到气流中的空气量增加，直到在出口气流中达到预定水平的硫化氢。
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公开(公告)号：US5976373A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US292154
申请日：1999-04-15
CPC分类号： B01D53/52 , C10L3/10 , Y10S210/916
摘要： The effluent gas stream from anaerobic waste water treatment digesters is treated to remove trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants. The chemical equation involved relies on the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with oxygen to form water plus elemental sulfur. The removal system includes a variable control line for adding air to the effluent gas stream; a filter for removing solids, entrained liquids and bacteria from the oxygen-enriched gas stream; a blower for directing the filtered gas stream into a potassium promoted activated carbon bed wherein the above chemical reaction takes place; and sensors for measuring the content of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide at the entrance and exit of the activated carbon bed. When the hydrogen sulfide content of the exiting gas stream exceeds a predetermined level, the amount of air added to the gas stream is increased until the predetermined level of hydrogen sulfide is achieved in the exiting gas stream.
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公开(公告)号：US4751151A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-14
申请号：US939610
申请日：1986-12-08
CPC分类号： B01D53/62 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0662 , Y02C10/04
摘要： A gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is used as the fuel cell fuel or anode gas, and air is used as the oxidant or cathode gas in a nonalkaline fuel cell power plant. In feeding the fuel gas through the anode side of the fuel cell, hydrogen is removed during the electrochemical reaction and the fuel gas which is exhausted from the anode side has a much higher proportion of carbon dioxide to hydrogen than the entering fuel gas. The fuel gas exhaust is fed through a carbon dioxide absorber to remove carbon dioxide from the fuel exhaust. The carbon dioxide is recovered from the absorber for useful purposes and the hydrogen gas leaving the absorber is dewatered and burned in a reformer. Carbon dioxide emissions from the power plant are thus greatly reduced benefiting the environment.
摘要翻译： 使用氢气和二氧化碳的气体混合物作为燃料电池燃料或阳极气体，空气用作非碱性燃料电池发电厂中的氧化剂或阴极气体。 在燃料气体通过燃料电池的阳极侧进料时，在电化学反应期间除去氢，并且从阳极侧排出的燃料气体具有比进入的燃料气体高得多的二氧化碳比氢的比例。 燃料气体排出物通过二氧化碳吸收器进料，以从燃料排出物中除去二氧化碳。 从吸收器回收二氧化碳用于有用目的，并且离开吸收器的氢气在重整器中脱水和燃烧。 因此，对环境造成的二氧化碳排放量大大减少。
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公开(公告)号：US07061139B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-13
申请号：US10255921
申请日：2002-09-26
IPC分类号： H02J3/38
CPC分类号： H02J3/32 , H02J9/062 , H02J2001/004 , Y02B90/14 , Y10T307/511 , Y10T307/615
摘要： A first AC power source comprising a power plant (18), and a second power source, typically grid (10), are normally connected via a high speed isolation switching means (19) to provide sufficient AC power to a critical load (14). The power plant (18) comprises a power generating means, e.g. a fuel cell, (60) and a power conditioning system (PCS) (62) having an inverter (64). Power assurance means (65; 10″, 66, 64, 70; 74, 75) is/are operatively connected to at least one of the first and second power sources to enhance an even and continuous supply of power to the critical load (14). The power assurance means (65; 10″, 66, 64, 70; 74, 75) is/are operatively connected to the PCS inverter (64), and may be one, or a combination of, a surge suppression means (65), a double-conversion power connection means (10″, 66, 64, 70) having a rectifier (66); and/or stored energy means (74), such as a capacitor (75).
摘要翻译： 包括发电厂（18）和第二电源（通常为电网（10））的第一AC电源通常经由高速隔离开关装置（19）连接，以向临界负载（14）提供足够的AC电力， 。 发电厂（18）包括发电装置，例如发电装置。 燃料电池（60）和具有逆变器（64）的功率调节系统（PCS）（62）。 功率保证装置（65; 10“，66,64,70,74,75）可操作地连接到第一和第二电源中的至少一个，以增强对临界负载的均匀和连续的功率供给（ 14）。 功率保证装置（65; 10“，66,64,70,74,75）可操作地连接到PCS逆变器（64），并且可以是浪涌抑制装置（65）的一个或组合 ），具有整流器（66）的双转换电力连接装置（10“，66,60,70）。 和/或存储的能量装置（74），例如电容器（75）。
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6.发明授权Control of multiple fuel cell power plants at a site to provide a distributed resource in a utility grid 失效控制现场的多个燃料电池发电厂，以在公用电网中提供分布式资源公开(公告)号：US06757590B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-29
申请号：US09808762
申请日：2001-03-15
IPC分类号： G05D1100
CPC分类号： H02J3/387 , H02J13/0062 , H02J2001/004 , Y02E40/72 , Y02E60/74 , Y02E60/7838 , Y04S10/12 , Y04S10/30 , Y04S40/124 , Y10S429/90
摘要： A site management system (11) is provided for a power system (8) at site in a utility distribution grid (10). The power system (8) includes multiple fuel cell power plants (18) and one or more loads (14), for selective connection/disconnection with the grid (10) The site management system (11) controls the power plants (18) in an integrated manner, alternatively in a grid connected mode and a grid independent mode. The multiple power plants (18) at the site may be viewed and operated as a unified distributed resource on the grid (10). The site management system (11) provides signals representative of the present power capability (Kw Capacity—88) of each of the power plants (18), and a signal (Total Kw Capacity—95) representative of the total present power capability at the site. These power representations are used to appropriately assign power dispatch loadings to the respective fuel cells (18) in the grid connected mode and in the grid independent mode, and may also be used for load shedding.
摘要翻译： 在公用配电网（10）的现场为电力系统（8）提供现场管理系统（11）。 电力系统（8）包括多个燃料电池发电厂（18）和一个或多个负载（14），用于与电网（10）的选择性连接/断开。现场管理系统（11）控制发电厂 集成的方式，或者以电网连接模式和电网独立模式。 现场的多个发电厂（18）可以作为网格（10）上的统一分布式资源来查看和运行。 站点管理系统（11）提供表示每个发电厂（18）的当前功率能力（Kw容量-88）的信号，以及表示在该场所管理系统（18）中总现在电力能力的信号（Total Kw Capacity-95） 现场。 这些功率表示用于以电网连接模式和电网独立模式将功率调度负载适当地分配给各个燃料电池（18），并且还可以用于负载脱落。
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公开(公告)号：USRE39710E1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-03
申请号：US10802119
申请日：2004-03-16
IPC分类号： H02J7/00
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , H02J3/32 , H02J2001/004 , Y02B90/14 , Y10T307/50 , Y10T307/505 , Y10T307/511 , Y10T307/615 , Y10T307/647 , Y10T307/696
摘要： A power system (8) is provided for economically supplying uninterrupted electrical power to one or more critical loads (14). One or more fuel cell power plants (18) provide one substantially continuous source of power, and a utility grid (10) provides another source of power. The fuel cell power plants (18) are adapted to be, and are, normally substantially continuously connected and providing power to, the critical load(s) (14). A rapidly-acting static switch (19) selectively connects and disconnects and reconnects the grid power supply (10) to the critical load(s) (14) and with the fuel cell power plant(s) (18) for abnormal and normal grid operation, respectively. A switch controller (49, 45) controls the state of the static switch (19) to connect the grid power source (10) with the critical load(s) (14) and the rapidly (less than 4 ms) make the disconnections and the reconnections. The fuel cell power plant(s) (18) during normal operation of the grid (10), and to rapidly (less than 4 ms) disconnect the grid power source (10) from the load(s) (14) and the fuel cell power plant(s) (18) when operation of the grid (10) deviates from normal beyond a limit. each include power conditioning systems (PCS) indirectly controlled by the switch controller (49, 45) to in turn rapidly transition the (PCSs) of the fuel cell power plants (18) between grid connected and grid independent modes.
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公开(公告)号：US4333992A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US202049
申请日：1980-10-30
申请人： Herbert C. Healy
发明人： Herbert C. Healy
CPC分类号： B01D1/00 , B01D5/0054 , B01D53/265 , H01M8/0612
摘要： To avoid using high quality heat to boil water condensed from a moist gas stream and to increase the overall thermal efficiency in a system requiring a supply of steam obtained by boiling water condensed from a moist gas stream, the condensing of the desired amount of water is done in a combined condenser/boiler wherein the condensed out water is separated from the gas stream, reduced in temperature, and throttled to a pressure wherein it is converted to steam back in the condenser/boiler using only the heat of condensation and sensible heat from the moist gas stream during the condensing step.
摘要翻译： 为了避免使用高质量的热量来煮沸从潮气流中冷凝的水，并且在需要通过从潮湿气流冷凝的沸水获得的蒸汽供应系统中提高整体热效率，所需量的水的冷凝是 在冷凝器/锅炉的组合中完成，其中冷凝的水与气流分离，降低温度并节流至压力，其中仅在冷凝器/锅炉中使用冷凝热和显热来转化为蒸汽 在冷凝步骤中潮湿的气流。
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公开(公告)号：US06465910B2
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US09782402
申请日：2001-02-13
IPC分类号： H02J700
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , H02J3/32 , H02J2001/004 , Y02B90/14 , Y10T307/50 , Y10T307/505 , Y10T307/511 , Y10T307/615 , Y10T307/647 , Y10T307/696
摘要： A power system (8) is provided for economically supplying uninterrupted electrical power to one or more critical loads (14). One or more fuel cell power plants (18) provide one substantially continuous source of power, and a utility grid (10) provides another source of power. The fuel cell power plants (18) are adapted to be, and are, normally substantially continuously connected and providing power to, the critical load(s) (14). A rapidly-acting static switch (19) selectively connects and disconnects the grid power supply (10) to the critical load(s) (14) and with the fuel cell power plant(s) (18). A switch controller (49, 45) controls the state of the static switch (19) to connect the grid power source (10) with the critical load(s) (14) and the fuel cell power plant(s) (18) during normal operation of the grid (10), and to rapidly (less than 4 ms) disconnect the grid power source (10) from the load(s) (14) and fuel cell power plant(s) (18) when operation of the grid (10) deviates from normal beyond a limit.
摘要翻译： 提供电力系统（8），用于经济地向一个或多个关键负载（14）提供不间断电力。 一个或多个燃料电池发电厂（18）提供一个基本上连续的电力源，并且公用电网（10）提供另一个电源。 燃料电池发电厂（18）适于并且通常基本上连续地连接并且向临界负载（14）提供电力。 快速动作的静态开关（19）选择性地将电网电源（10）连接到关键负载（14）和燃料电池发电厂（18）。 开关控制器（49,45）控制静态开关（19）的状态以将电网电源（10）与临界负载（14）和燃料电池发电厂（18）连接在一起 电网（10）的正常运行以及快速（小于4ms）在运行电网（10）时将电网电源（10）与负载（14）和燃料电池发电厂（18）断开 电网（10）偏离正常超出极限。
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10.再颁专利Control of multiple power plants at a site to provide a distributed resource in a utility grid 失效控制现场的多个发电厂，以在公用电网中提供分布式资源公开(公告)号：USRE41821E1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-12
申请号：US11019150
申请日：2004-12-21
IPC分类号： G05D11/00
CPC分类号： H02J3/387 , H02J13/0062 , H02J2001/004 , Y02E40/72 , Y02E60/74 , Y02E60/7838 , Y04S10/12 , Y04S10/30 , Y04S40/124 , Y10S429/90
摘要： A site management system (11) is provided for a power system (8) at site in a utility distribution grid (10). The power system (8) includes multiple fuel cell power plants, e.g., fuel cells, (18) and one or more loads (14), for selective connection/disconnection with the grid (10). The site management system (11) controls the power plants (18) in an integrated manner, alternatively in a grid connected mode and a grid independent mode. The multiple power plants (18) at the site may be viewed and operated as a unified distributed resource on the grid (10). The site management system (11) provides signals representative of the present power capability (Kw Capacity—88) of each of the power plants (18), and a signal (Total Kw Capacity—95) representative of the total present power capability at the site. These power representations are used to appropriately assign power dispatch loadings to the respective fuel cells power plants (18) in the grid connected mode and in the grid independent mode, and may also be used for load shedding.
摘要翻译： 在公用配电网（10）的现场为电力系统（8）提供现场管理系统（11）。 电力系统（8）包括多个燃料电池发电厂，例如燃料电池（18）和一个或多个负载（14），用于与电网（10）的选择性连接/断开。 站点管理系统（11）以集成的方式控制发电厂（18），或者以电网连接模式和电网独立模式进行控制。 现场的多个发电厂（18）可以作为网格（10）上的统一分布式资源来查看和运行。 站点管理系统（11）提供表示每个发电厂（18）的当前功率能力（Kw容量-88）的信号，以及表示在该场所管理系统（18）中总现在电力能力的信号（Total Kw Capacity-95） 现场。 这些功率表示用于以电网连接模式和电网独立模式将功率调度负载适当地分配给各个燃料电池发电厂（18），并且还可以用于负载脱落。
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