公开(公告)号：US4928687A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-29

申请号：US255400

申请日：1988-10-11

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Dietrich Gravenstein ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Nikolaus Gravenstein ,  Michael J. Banner

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Dietrich Gravenstein ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Nikolaus Gravenstein ,  Michael J. Banner

IPC分类号： A61M16/04

CPC分类号： A61M16/0488 ,  A61M2016/0413

摘要： A diagnostic monitor checks the carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) content of a gas exiting a patient during endotracheal or esophageal intubation. A plurality of composition portions substantially change color in response to exposure to the carbon dioxide. The composition portions change color in response to different times of exposure to carbon dioxide. A magnifying or condensing lens may be positioned on the monitor to enhance viewing of the color change. The monitor may advantageously be made as part of an intubation system through which the gases from a patient exit the patient. The differences in time of exposure needed to cause the color change may be accomplished by using semipermeable membranes having differing thicknesses, CO.sub.2 permeabilities, and/or surface areas with each membrane corresponding to a particular one of the composition portions.

摘要翻译： 诊断监测器检查在气管插管或食管插管期间离开患者的气体的二氧化碳（CO2）含量。 多个组合物部分基于暴露于二氧化碳而显着改变颜色。 组合物部分响应于暴露于二氧化碳的不同时间而改变颜色。 可以将放大或聚光透镜放置在监视器上以增强对颜色变化的观察。 可以有利地将监测器制成为插管系统的一部分，来自患者的气体通过该插管系统离开患者。 导致颜色变化所需的曝光时间差异可以通过使用具有不同厚度的半透膜，CO 2渗透性和/或表面积来实现，其中每个膜对应于组合物部分的特定一个。

公开(公告)号：US5156159A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-20

申请号：US505689

申请日：1990-04-09

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Nikolaus Gravenstein ,  Michael J. Banner ,  Dietrich Gravenstein

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Nikolaus Gravenstein ,  Michael J. Banner ,  Dietrich Gravenstein

IPC分类号： A61M16/04

CPC分类号： A61M16/0488 ,  A61M2016/0413

摘要： A diagnostic monitor checks the carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) content of a gas exiting a patient during endotracheal or esophageal intubation. A plurality of composition portions substantially change color in response to exposure to the carbon dioxide. The composition portions change color in response to different times of exposure to carbon dioxide. A magnifying or condensing lens may be positioned on the monitor to enhance viewing of the color change. The monitor may advantageously be made part of an intubation system through which the gases from a patient exit the patient. The differences in time of exposure needed to cause the color change may be accomplished by using semipermeable membranes having differing thicknesses, CO.sub.2 permeabilities, and/or surface areas with each membrane corresponding to a particular one of the composition portions. An arrangement is provided whereby the monitor is automatically activated by the normal assembly steps of a patient breathing circuit.

摘要翻译： 诊断监测器检查在气管插管或食管插管期间离开患者的气体的二氧化碳（CO2）含量。 多个组合物部分基于暴露于二氧化碳而显着改变颜色。 组合物部分响应于暴露于二氧化碳的不同时间而改变颜色。 可以将放大或聚光透镜放置在监视器上以增强对颜色变化的观察。 可以有利地将监护仪制成插管系统的一部分，来自患者的气体通过该插管系统离开患者。 导致颜色变化所需的曝光时间差异可以通过使用具有不同厚度的半透膜，CO 2渗透性和/或表面积来实现，其中每个膜对应于组合物部分的特定一个。 提供了一种布置，由此通过患者呼吸回路的正常组装步骤自动启动监视器。

公开(公告)号：US5779484A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

申请号：US767962

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： An apparatus and method of simulating breathing sounds in real time involves the use of a manikin having a lung bellows. A sensor associated with the lung bellows is used to continuously determine the volume such that, using standard mathematical procedures based on the time and volume determined, a first derivative of the bellows volume over time can be calculated to determine the phase of the respiratory cycle (e.g. inhalation or exhalation). In addition, by calculating a second derivative of the bellows volume over time, a transition in phase of the respiratory cycle can be determined. Based upon the first and second derivatives of the bellows volume over time, a sound is output through an output device, such as a speaker, located proximate the mouth of the manikin. The outputted sounds are pre-recorded audible sounds of breathing corresponding to appropriate physiological sounds.

摘要翻译： 实时模拟呼吸声的装置和方法涉及使用具有肺波纹管的人体模型。 使用与肺波纹管相关联的传感器来连续地确定体积，使得使用基于确定的时间和体积的标准数学程序可以计算波纹管体积随时间的一阶导数以确定呼吸周期的相位（ 例如吸入或呼气）。 此外，通过计算波纹管体积随时间的二次导数，可以确定呼吸周期的同相转变。 基于波纹管体积随时间推移的第一和第二导数，通过靠近人体模型嘴的输出装置（例如扬声器）输出声音。 输出的声音是对应于适当的生理声音的预先记录的呼吸声音。

公开(公告)号：US5868579A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-09

申请号：US767963

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/32

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： A method and apparatus for simulating lung sounds in real time in an integrated patient simulator uses a manikin having an associated simulated lung comprising at least one bellows and at least one sensor for sensing the position of the bellows. Based on a physiological state of the patient simulator, a audible lung sound is directed through a plurality of sound output devices located at different locations on the manikin. The lung sound corresponds to an appropriate physiological sound at that particular location on the manikin and is synchronized with the position of the bellows. Synchronization occurs by continuously determining a volume of the bellows to determine a respiratory phase and a transition in the respiratory phase. The respiratory phase is determined by calculating a first derivative of the bellows volume over time and the transition in the respiratory phase is determined by calculating a second derivative of the bellows volume over time.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在综合患者模拟器中实时模拟肺声的方法和装置使用具有相关联的模拟肺的人体模型，所述模拟肺包括至少一个波纹管和用于感测波纹管的位置的至少一个传感器。 基于患者模拟器的生理状态，可听到的肺声通过位于人体模型上不同位置的多个声音输出装置。 肺声对应于人体模型上该特定位置处的适当生理声音，并与波纹管的位置同步。 通过连续地确定波纹管的体积以确定呼吸相位和呼吸相位的转变来进行同步。 通过计算波纹管体积随时间的一阶导数来确定呼吸相位，并且通过计算波纹管体积随时间的二阶导数来确定呼吸相位中的转变。

公开(公告)号：US5391081A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-21

申请号：US882467

申请日：1992-05-13

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Michael S. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Michael S. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： A method and associated apparatus for simulating neuromuscular stimulation in real time during simulated medical surgery using a manikin, such as ulnar nerve stimulation to detect the degree of neuromuscular blockade and external stimulation of nerves to produce evoked potentials so as to monitor the integrity of nerves during surgery is provided. Such simulation allows for the active participation of trainees with the simulation apparatus to experience real world medical procedures in a setting that closely mimics the real world.

摘要翻译： 一种在模拟医疗手术中使用人体模型实时模拟神经肌肉刺激的方法和相关装置，例如尺神经刺激，以检测神经肌肉阻滞的程度和神经的外部刺激以产生诱发电位，以便监测神经的完整性 提供手术。 这种模拟允许受训者积极参与仿真设备，以在紧密模仿现实世界的环境中体验真实世界的医疗程序。

公开(公告)号：US6131571A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US848339

申请日：1997-04-30

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Johannes Hugo Maria van Oostrom

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Johannes Hugo Maria van Oostrom

IPC分类号： A61M16/00 ,  A61M16/01 ,  A61M16/08 ,  A61M16/10 ,  A61M16/12 ,  A61M16/22

CPC分类号： A61M16/00 ,  A61M16/0069 ,  A61M16/12 ,  A61M16/0075 ,  A61M16/0078 ,  A61M16/009 ,  A61M16/01 ,  A61M16/08 ,  A61M16/22 ,  A61M2016/0036 ,  A61M2016/1025 ,  A61M2016/103 ,  A61M2016/1035 ,  A61M2205/3368 ,  A61M2205/3606 ,  A61M2230/432 ,  Y02C20/10

摘要： A combination ventilation apparatus and anesthesia delivery system comprises a circulation loop within which oxygen and air or other clinical gas, or a mixture of air, oxygen, nitrous oxide or other clinical gas and anesthetics, are circulated by a variable speed centrifugal blower to a Y-piece which connects the circulation loop to an endotracheal tube or other airway device communicating with a patient. A proportional flow control valve is operative to actively control the pressure or flow at the Y-piece in response to signals from pressure or flow sensors which are positioned to provide measurements representative of the actual pressure and flow conditions within the patient's lungs. Constant circuit volume is maintained by computer control of gas make-up valves in response to the movement of a weighted bellows located between the proportional flow control valve and centrifugal blower.

摘要翻译： 组合通气装置和麻醉输送系统包括循环回路，氧气和空气或其他临床气体或空气，氧气，一氧化二氮或其它临床气体和麻醉剂的混合物通过可变速度离心鼓风机循环到Y 将循环回路连接到与患者通信的气管插管或其它气道装置。 比例流量控制阀可操作以响应于来自压力或流量传感器的信号来主动地控制Y形件上的压力或流量，所述信号被定位成提供代表患者肺内的实际压力和流量状况的测量值。 响应于位于比例流量控制阀和离心鼓风机之间的加权波纹管的运动，气体补充阀的计算机控制保持恒定电路体积。

公开(公告)号：US5882207A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US768143

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： A method and an apparatus for quantifying the amount of fluid administered to a patient simulator during simulated medical surgery. A fluid administered to a manikin and delivered to a reservoir associated with the manikin. The quantity of fluid administered is determined based on the change of weight of the reservoir. A simulated response to the administered fluid can be computed, based on the determined quantity of fluid administered.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在模拟医疗手术期间量化施用于患者模拟器的流体量的方法和装置。 施用于人体模型并输送到与人体模型相关联的储存器的流体。 基于储存器的重量变化来确定施用的流体量。 可以基于所确定的所施用流体的量来计算对所施用的流体的模拟响应。

公开(公告)号：US5769641A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-23

申请号：US767947

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： An apparatus and method for synchronizing output devices related to a cardiac rhythm in real time in an integrated patient simulator during simulated medical surgery includes a manikin, at least one output device including devices for simulating a cardiac pulse and a radial pulse, a first computer associated with the patient simulator for generating an electric cardiac rhythm synchronizing pulse, a second computer for receiving the cardiac rhythm synchronizing pulse and generating a simulated response thereto, and a distributed processing network for transmitting the cardiac rhythm synchronizing pulse between the first computer and the second computer and for transmitting the simulated response between the second computer and the output device. In this way, a time offset to allow for simulated travel time or lag of the simulated cardiac pulse through the body can be added by the second computer where appropriate for certain subsystems or monitors associated with the patient simulator.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在模拟医疗手术期间在综合患者模拟器中实时同步与心律相关的输出装置的装置和方法包括人体模型，至少一个输出装置，包括用于模拟心脏脉搏和径向脉冲的装置，第一计算机相关联 用于产生电动心律同步脉冲的患者模拟器，用于接收心律同步脉冲并产生模拟响应的第二计算机，以及用于在第一计算机和第二计算机之间传送心律同步脉冲的分布式处理网络 并且用于在第二计算机和输出设备之间发送模拟的响应。 以这种方式，允许通过身体的模拟心脏脉搏的模拟行进时间或滞后的时间偏移可以由适合于与患者模拟器相关联的某些子系统或监视器的第二计算机添加。

公开(公告)号：US5772443A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US768144

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： An apparatus and method for detecting and identifying a drug administered in real time in an integrated patient simulator uses a manikin which receives the administration of the drug. A bar code is affixed to an implement for administering the drug, wherein the implement is an intravenous drip bag or a syringe. A scanner is used to scan the bar code to identify the type and concentration of the drug contained within the implement. The information obtained by the scanner is then used by a computer associated with the patient simulator to effect a response in the manikin.

摘要翻译： 在综合患者模拟器中实时检测和鉴定药物的装置和方法使用接受药物给药的人体模型。 条形码贴在用于管理药物的器具上，其中器具是静脉滴注袋或注射器。 扫描仪用于扫描条形码以识别包含在器具内的药物的类型和浓度。 由扫描器获得的信息随后由与患者模拟器相关联的计算机用于在人体模型中产生响应。

公开(公告)号：US5584701A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-17

申请号：US188383

申请日：1994-01-27

申请人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

发明人： Samsun Lampotang ,  Willem L. van Meurs ,  Michael L. Good ,  Joachim S. Gravenstein ,  Ronald G. Carovano

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B7/00 ,  G09B23/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/1106 ,  G09B23/28 ,  G09B23/285 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0215 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7405 ,  A61B7/003

摘要： A self-regulating, simulated lung for use in real time in simulated medical procedures comprises at least one bellows capable of receiving and expelling gas, a means for actuating the bellows depending upon a time- and event-based script, a computer model or a combination thereof, at least one mass flow controller capable of directing the gas into the bellows, and a volumetric pump for continuously expelling a constant flow rate of gas from the bellows. The means for actuating the bellows comprises a double acting piston connected to the bellows and having a first constant pressure and a second variable pressure acting on respective sides of the piston, whereby non-linear compliances may be simulated.

摘要翻译： 在模拟医疗程序中实时使用的自调节模拟肺包括至少一个能够接收和排出气体的波纹管，根据基于时间和事件的脚本致动波纹管的装置，计算机模型或 其组合，能够将气体引导到波纹管中的至少一个质量流量控制器和用于从波纹管连续排出恒定流量的气体的体积泵。 用于致动波纹管的装置包括连接到波纹管并具有作用在活塞的相应侧上的第一恒定压力和第二可变压力的双作用活塞，由此可以模拟非线性一致性。