Abstract:
In a method of reading a nonvolatile memory device, the method comprising, a reading operation of reading data of a selected memory cell; and a read retry operation of performing one or more read operations by changing a non-selection read voltage applied to non-selected memory cells until the read operation succeeds, when it is detected that an error has occurred in the operation of reading data.
Abstract:
The present invention related to an offline transaction payment system and a method and apparatus for the same, which receives an electronic payment request from a terminal, transmits a request for execution of an electronic payment application to the terminal, receives an application ID from the electronic payment application executed in the terminal, performs member verification using the received application ID, transmits the member verification result to the electronic payment application, receives a one-time password from the electronic payment application, and mediates an electronic payment for a transaction that takes place offline using the one-time password.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a method of fabricating a memory device. The method includes forming an etch stop layer, bit lines, and a first hard mask pattern over a semiconductor substrate. A first SNC plug is formed between the bit lines, and an etch process is performed to reduce the height of the first hard mask pattern and the first SNC plug, to increase a top width of the first hard mask pattern, and to reduce a top width of the first SNC plug. The method also includes forming a second hard mask pattern on the first hard mask pattern, and forming a second SNC plug between the second hard mask patterns.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a method of fabricating a memory device. The method includes forming an etch stop layer, bit lines, and a first hard mask pattern over a semiconductor substrate. A first SNC plug is formed between the bit lines, and an etch process is performed to reduce the height of the first hard mask pattern and the first SNC plug, to increase a top width of the first hard mask pattern, and to reduce a top width of the first SNC plug. The method also includes forming a second hard mask pattern on the first hard mask pattern, and forming a second SNC plug between the second hard mask patterns.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of registering a membership for an electronic payment, a system for same, and an apparatus and a terminal thereof. The system according to the present invention includes: a terminal for receiving an application identifier, registering payment means information and processing a membership registration completion, when at least one or more of first authentication information, second authentication information and fourth authentication information input by a user is authenticated; and a membership registration apparatus for, when at least one or more of a first authentication procedure completion signal, a second authentication procedure completion signal and a fourth authentication procedure completion signal is received from the terminal, confirming whether membership application of user information on the terminal is performed, allocating the application identifier to perform electronic payment, and completing membership registration for the user information on the terminal after registering the payment means information.
Abstract:
There is provided a multi-layered ceramic capacitor having a dual layer-electrode structure formed by applying a dual layer of electrode paste to the multi-layered ceramic capacitor. The multi-layered ceramic capacitor having a dual layer-electrode structure includes a capacitor body having a preset length and width and having a plurality dielectric layers stacked therein, an internal electrode unit formed on the plurality of dielectric layers and having a preset capacitance, and an external electrode unit including first external electrodes respectively formed on both sides of the capacitor body to be electrically connected to internal electrodes, and second external electrodes formed on the first external electrodes.