Abstract:
A modulated optical radiation field (I) whose modulation amplitude and temporal phase depend on the local position can be detected with a plurality of pixels 1. Each pixel 1 consists of a transducing stage (T) that converts incoming light (I) into a proportional electric signal, a sampling stage (S), two subtraction/summation stages (SUB1, SUM1; SUB2, SUM2), and an output stage. Each pixel can be addressed individually. The optical radiation field (I) is locally sensed and sampled at a frequency that is four times the wavefield's modulation frequency. The subtraction/summation stages (SUB1, SUM1; SUB2, SUM2) accumulate differences of two samples per modulation period, separated by half the period, during several averaging periods; the two stages are time shifted with respect to each other by a quarter period. The resulting two output signals are employed for the determination of the local envelope amplitude and the temporal phase. These pixels 1 can be realized with circuits that consume very little electric power require small areas, enabling the realization of large numbers of pixels in linear or two-dimensional array sensors.
Abstract translation:可以用多个像素1来检测其调制幅度和时间相位取决于局部位置的调制光辐射场(I)。 每个像素1包括将输入光(I)转换为比例电信号,采样级(S),两个减法/求和级(SUB 1,SUM 1; SUB 2,SUM 2)的转换级(T) 和输出级。 每个像素可以单独寻址。 光辐射场(I)以波场调制频率的四倍的频率进行局部感测和采样。 减法/求和级(SUB 1,SUM 1; SUB 2,SUM 2)在几个平均周期期间累积在每个调制周期的两个样本的差值,分隔一半周期; 两个阶段相对于四分之一时间相对时间偏移。 所得到的两个输出信号用于确定局部包络幅度和时间相位。 这些像素1可以用消耗非常小的电功率需要小面积的电路来实现,使得能够实现线性或二维阵列传感器中的大量像素。
Abstract:
A modulated optical radiation field (I) whose modulation amplitude and temporal phase depend on the local position can be detected with a plurality of pixels 1. Each pixel 1 consists of a transducing stage (T) that converts incoming light (I) into a proportional electric signal, a sampling stage (S), two subtraction/summation stages (SUB1, SUM1; SUB2, SUM2), and an output stage. Each pixel can be addressed individually. The optical radiation field (I) is locally sensed and sampled at a frequency that is four times the wavefield's modulation frequency. The subtraction/summation stages (SUB1, SUM1; SUB2, SUM2) accumulate differences of two samples per modulation period, separated by half the period, during several averaging periods; the two stages are time shifted with respect to each other by a quarter period. The resulting two output signals are employed for the determination of the local envelope amplitude and the temporal phase. These pixels 1 can be realized with circuits that consume very little electric power require small areas, enabling the realization of large numbers of pixels in linear or two-dimensional array sensors.
Abstract:
A passivating agent for metallic surfaces of workpieces or casting molds includes an aqueous phosphate solution with metal ions and a gelatin.
Abstract:
An optical transmission system comprises a metropolitan core network operated in a wavelength division multiplexing mode and connected via metro connection devices to access connections to optical network terminals connected by means of a passive optical splitter. The metro connection devices contain regenerators and wavelength converters, so that data regeneration takes place between the network terminals and the central management and switching unit. This makes it possible to cover distances around 100 km.
Abstract:
An optical transmission system comprises a metropolitan core network operated in a wavelength division multiplexing mode and connected via metro connection devices to access connections to optical network terminals connected by means of a passive optical splitter. The metro connection devices contain regenerators and wavelength converters, so that data regeneration takes place between the network terminals and the central management and switching unit. This makes it possible to cover distances around 100 km.
Abstract:
A passivating agent for metallic surfaces of workpieces or casting molds includes an aqueous phosphate solution with metal ions and a gelatin.
Abstract:
A quasi-monolithic cylinder crankcase is provided that is cast in a metal permanent mold for an internal combustion engine having an infiltration body penetrating the cylinder crankcase, wherein the infiltration body is composed of an inductively welded, open-cell metal foam.